Anarcho-capitalism: tsanangudzo, pfungwa, zviratidzo

"Anarchy" - izwi mupfungwa vanhu vakawanda kwakafanana pfungwa "mhirizhonga", "kuvhiringidzika." Zvisinei, muna evanhu uye zvesayenzi enyika, iri izwi rine yakasiyana. Munyaya ino isu kunyatsotarisisa panguva pfungwa, mavambo, dzidziso dzinokosha uye zvakataurwa anarchism. We ongorora muudzame mirayiridzo iyi sezvo anarcho-capitalism. Chii chiri rwacho uye, kusafanana nedzimwe nzvimbo anarchism? Tichaedza kuziva gare gare munyaya ino.

pfungwa

Anarchism - dzidziso socio-enyika uye socio-zvemari, izvo negates kudiwa kuvapo ehurumende. Zvido vanhuwo zvavo zviduku madiki vanopikiswa kuti zvinofarirwa Makambani makuru.

Pane Manyepo kuti anarchism - mumwe dzinoitwa gutsaruzhinji. Iye yakaumbwa mupfungwa dzedu mushure Revolution uye Civil War: refu wepachokwadi yakabatana pakati Bolsheviks pamusoro munharaunda Ukraine ano kwave vapanduki Nestora Mahno.

Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo. Anarchism, uye kunyanya imwe yayo dzokugara - anarcho-capitalism - pamusoro zvinopesana, anoramba kusikwa huru dzinowanika makambani. Socialism - somunhu rokutanga padanho komiyunizimu - kunyange kunosanganisira kusikwa rimwe akanaka uye wakaenzana vanhu, asi chikuru basa rehurumende umo musoro uye vanofanira kuva "vanhu zvakarurama." - the Bolsheviks, yeGutsaruzhinji-kuipandukira, proletarians, etc. Kutaura zvazviri, muitiro iwoyo akashevedzawo pakasikwa makambani chete, muna Kusiyana capitalism, mumwe chete muridzi - hurumende.

Panobva ouzivi anarchism vari individualism, subjectivism uye voluntarism.

mirayiro

To musi, pane zviviri zvikuru anarchism:

1. Omunhu oga anarchism.
2. Anarcho-gutsaruzhinji.

Ideologically, zviri zvachose mbiri pakatarisana mirayiridzo. Vanobatana chete - pfungwa nokusiya ehurumende. zvimwe zvose maonero vari akasiyana zvachose vachipikiswa. Anarcho-gutsaruzhinji, asi, anotaura regedzeka kuruboshwe, pamwe nechiKomonisiti, gutsaruzhinji nezvimwe anarcho-individualism -. Asi, ndizvo yakarurama. nheyo dzaro dzakabudirira Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard nevamwe. Both zviumbu vari rakakamurwa hova siyana, imwe neimwe ine maonero ayo pamusoro avo kana nemamwe maitiro.

The chikuru mirayiridzo yokuti munhu

Omunhu oga anarchism rakakamurwa zvinotevera:

1. Anarcho-capitalism. Isu hatingazvirumbidzi zvakadzama kupenda wake, sezvo nzvimbo iyi vachange yakatsaurirwa vakawanda nyaya yedu.
2. Anarcho-evakadzi. Sangano rakatanga muna United States iri pakutanga XX remakore. A mumiririri akakurumbira zvigone kunzi sezvo Emma Goldman - "Red Emma". Mukadzi uyu akanga vatamira kubva Russia pamberi chimurenga, uye kugara muUnited States. Anarcho-feminists uyewo vaishora hurumende senzira kumanikidzira tsika akasimbisa pfungwa nemhuri ukama, dzidzo, uye vakadzi mabasa. Emma Goldman wakaramba nhasi aiva kuchitsigira dzevanhu mudziviriri, izvo vaizoramba kurwira dzevakadzi nekuenzana; nokuti kodzero pabonde vashoma, etc. Marriage, akafunga, -. Uyu zvatinosiita upfumi kondirakiti pakati pemurume nemukadzi. Uye maonero aya ikawira pamusoro vakawanda kuziva kuburikidza mashoko, mabhuku kubudisa zana apfuura, apo vanhu Western akaramba zvayo yechitendero uye traditionalism.
3. Green anarchism - anotarira pamusoro dambudziko kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - call kusiya yepamusorosoro, iyo, vari Sokuona kwavo, chete kusimbisa vaya vari simba uye kushanda. Uye vamwe.

The chikuru mirayiridzo yacho anarcho-gutsaruzhinji

Anarcho-gutsaruzhinji - a kuitika izvo zvinoda kurwisana chero vanozivikanwa private pfuma somunhu kukonzera mumagariro stratification (stratification) munzanga kupinda vapfumi nevarombo. maonero akadaro ari mupfungwa anarchist Nestor Makhno munguva chimurenga uye hondo yevagari. Kutungamirirwa akasiyana chete chokuti ekupedzisira vari anoshevedza udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat, kubva dzekare Bolshevism kureva. E. The chaiyo kusikwa imwe kirasi pamusoro perimwe. Anarcho-gutsaruzhinji, uye panguva yose toramba kuvapo mukirasi Mutongo upi kana vanhu vakaderera. Ake chikuru nzvimbo:

1. Mutualism (myutyualizm). Kwakavakirwa nheyo yakawiriranwa rubatsiro, rusununguko, nokuzvidira kondirakiti. Muvambi zvinenge vanotenda Pierre Zhozefa Prudona, ane basa akaonekwa XVIII remakore, vasati pakupedzisira kuumbwa anarchist dzenzvimbo.
2. Anarcho-communism. Vatsigiri rwokufamba ichi vaidavira kuti aifanira pave kuzvipira dare Tauriranai, izvo zvinofanira kurongwa munyika seboka kushandisa nzira kugadzirwa.
3. Collectivist anarchism kana yakakura collectivism. Vatsigiri rwokufamba iri kundodana pakuputsa Revolutionary nzira. Kusiyana yapfuura nezvemaitiro, kuti anarcho-collectivists vanofunga kuti munhu wose munharaunda vanofanira kugamuchira kubhadharwa yakavakirwa dhigirii dzavo. Banal "munoenzanisa", mune pfungwa dzavo, hunotungamirira vakawanda tupukanana kuti vari "tupukanana" achaita kushandisa basa kwevamwe.
4. Anarcho-syndicalism. Chinotaura pamusoro basa racho. vatsigiri vake vanowanzotevedzera kusiya hurongwa mubayiro basa uye chaiyo. Zvokurarama okuwana vaona chikonzero weboka kwenzanga kupinda varidzi uye vashandi. Uye vamwe.

Zvinosuruvarisa imwe nyaya yakaoma zvishoma kubudisa pfungwa kusiyana kutungamirirwa anarchism. Zvisinei, mune mazwi mashoma tinogona kutaura kuti anarcho-capitalism - ndicho zvinoreva anarcho-gutsaruzhinji. Last zvakazara disclaims chero pfungwa chaiyo, capitalism, vanobhadharwa basa. Chokutanga, nekusiyana, akachingamidza pfungwa idzi. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro payo ichakurukurwa gare gare munyaya.

Mabviro anarcho-capitalism

Anarcho-capitalist mirayiridzo Kunonziwo se "libertarian anarchism". Kokutanga izwi akashandurwa sezvaari Murray Rothbard. The chidzoke uyu muitiro Mikoko kudzokera sixties ari XX remakore muUnited States. Kunyange zvayo yokungotaura hwaro midzi pakati XIX remakore, mabasa musika theorists, mumwe wakanga Gustave of Molinari.

mamiriro

Market anarchism - aizivikanwawo anarcho-capitalism - zvakavakirwa kudavira murusununguko nhaka chaiyo. Iye anoramba mamiriro sezvo nesangano simba, nokuti kuzvirega zvichikanganisa kutsigirwa pamusika zvemakwikwi. Panguva iyoyo, yakakurumbira muvandudzi - Yegor Gaidar - akati, "pamusika achaisa zvose panzvimbo yayo." Kunyange zvazvo Russian wehurumende uye akanga asiri murevereri iyi uzivi, asi kuti mutongo wake kurondwa imwe pfungwa musika anarchism. Repakona akaisa pfungwa vakasununguka musika ukama, yakasungirirwa pamusoro chokuzvidira hwaro. Ndicho ichi musimboti uye kushumira pakagadzwa nzanga yakagadzikana, iyo pachayo anogona kuronga kwemitemo, nokusika dzavo vezvemutemo framework, kudzivirirwa uye anodiwa kwezvivako, vakarongwa kuburikidza rokutengesa makwikwi.

zvinangwa

Sam Murray Rothbard akaziva kuti hurumende -. Zvinonzi, nemashoko ano, ane mhosva boka rakarongwa kuti riitwe chaizvoizvo anobira kuburikidza nemitero, mari, mabasa, marezinesi, etc. Anenge zvose zvemazuva capitalist hurumende vava stooges mikuru magnates zvemari. Capitalism, maererano theorist - ndiyo predominance kuti varidzi diki, uye nhasi tinoona kuti madiki munyika iri kurasikirwa nzira yayo yose zvoupfumi sectors. Panzvimbo zviuru Entrepreneurs duku, tiri kupupurira zvikuru mogul, iyo anotuma pesvedzero yayo pamusoro munyika dzakawanda.

Saka, ano libertarianism uye anarchism dzinowanikwa nezvinangwa pamwe mugovanisi uye pfungwa yoMushandirapamwe - vose vanodana kuputsa yaivapo, iyo yakatanga munyika.

Mazano ramangwana evanhu

In ichi kutungamirira kwouzivi vatsoropodzi vakawanda pakati nezvoupfumi, masayendisiti enyika uye evanhu. Kunyange Socialist uye vaKomonisiti nepfungwa imwe "ramangwana rakajeka", "evanhu kuenzana", "rusununguko", "sehama" Musadana kusiya hurumende sezvo regulator dzokusimukira ukama. Asi chikuru theorist pamusoro anarcho-capitalism - Murray Rothbard - pamusoro zvinopesana, akakurudzira kusiya zvachose. Saka, vanofanira kushandisa imwe capitalist munzanga chaiyo idzvene anofanira kudzivirirwa? Kuti aite izvi, kuumba private kuchengeteka zvivako, izvo zvinofanira kushanda iri makwikwi hwaro. Havafaniri inotsigirwa mitero, uye kubva nheyo voga. Personal uye upfumi basa zvinofanira kudzorwa nemitemo zvakasikwa, pamusika uye tichibatsirwa mutemo private. Society, maererano theorists ari kutungamirira kwouzivi intuitively kunzwisisa sei unofanira kurarama munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Vanhu uchakukundisa vazhinji mhosva, sezvo kuri pehurumende uye kunokonzera ravo.

Zvinoita here kushandisa pfungwa libertarianism?

Vanhu vakawanda vanofunga kuti pfungwa mhedziso libertarian pakuva. Zvavakanga kumbotipa chokwadi kuti hunhu vanhu kuti hazvibviri kuti vabvise uipi hwevanhu zvakadaro negodo, nokutsamwa, kumutengesa, chido kushandisa basa vamwe, chido vatore zvemumwe, uye vamwe vanoyeuka mupfungwa bvunzo sezvo mukuru nharo :. "Kana Supermarket muchaona, zvinogadzirwa kuti hapana inodzivirira zvaunoita? ". mhinduro yakarurama achava munhu anopa zvigadzirwa ari Supermarket kuba. Dzimwe inokurukurwa ne vanachiremba kutendeka, kuvanda hunhu nyaya yechokwadi. E. Haugoni kushandura hunhu hwevanhu, saka iye, pasina rubatsiro nechitarisiko simba regulator, asingadi kudzidza kurarama "zvakarurama." pfungwa zvose kuti zvakagadzirirwa kushandura hunhu hwevanhu kuburikidza pakusika akasiyana evanhu, vanoonekwa kuti utopian. Naizvozvo, musika anarchism dzinofanira kuzokurukurwa sezvo vakadaro. Zvisinei, vamwe vanofunga kuti libertarianism anogona chinozoiswa. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinofanira kuitika. Vanotaura nezverubhapatidzo zvakawanda pazasi.

The zvinhu nokuti zvinenge pfungwa musika anarchism

Saka, pfungwa Murray Rothbard akaziva, ikaitika zvinotevera ezvinhu:

1. Kutonga tsika simba. Munyika umo zvose zviri kutengwa, zvakaoma kudzidzisa munhu mweya "saka haukwanisi", "kunaka", etc. Nhasi, tinoona kuti vana multimillionaires vanotyora mitemo yose: .. Havana vasingaremekedzi nokukurumidza wairambidza mumigwagwa, zvinokwanisika paakatsvinyirwa vamiriri mutemo uye kuti, kutaura vachimuzvidza munyika yavanogara, etc. "vanhuwo" vagari maitiro akadaro haagoni kuregererwa :. avanotarisira kugamuchira kupfuura chirango chakakomba. Chete apo kukosha kwetsika uye rusununguko kuikunda zvakaoma mari, zvinokwanisika kuti avake yakanaka vanhu.
2. The kusikwa anoverengeka masangano. Kana mamiriro isina kuwanikwa, ayo basa vanofanira kuzadzisa zvimwe evanhu masangano. Vanofanira kuva simba uye simba kuti zvimwe kusingabatsiri. The huru nezvevakafa - panofanira kuva nevamwe, kana pane chimwe chimiro ehurumende, tinowana mumwe: Kunoitwa, mhuri, mhuka capitalism uye nevamwe.
3. Rakabatana nyika tsika. Libertarianstskaya Hurongwa kuchaita richishanda chete kana nhengo dzose kwenzanga kuomerera pfungwa anarcho-capitalism. Paunoona chinokosha nhamba yevanhu vanofuratira nheyo dzaro uye masangano simba, nyika ichava kuputsa nokukurumidza.

Chirevo anarcho-capitalism

We akafukidza Pfungwa libertarianism. Taura zvishoma pamusoro kwokufananidzira. Banner anarcho- capitalism vaiona dema yellow mureza. Black ruvara - bhurasho chiratidzo anarchism. Yellow - kufananidzira goridhe, svikiro zvokutsinhanisa pamisika pasina hurumende kupindira. Black-uye-yellow mureza inowanikwa embodiments siyana. Hapana kuzviomesera urongwa kwemaruva. Dzimwe rine yakasiyana mifananidzo: korona, dhora chiratidzo, uye vamwe.

Anarcho-capitalism muRussia

In nyika yedu vanhu vashoma vanofungawo kutengesa anarchism. Tine, kana vari vateveri anarchism, zviri nani vatsigiri anarcho-syndicalism, izvo kusika siyana vechidiki subcultures. Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vanoti neoanarhisty ano, sezvo mutemo, havanzwisisi inokosha dzematongerwe enyika anarcho-syndicalism, vanoshandisa chete zviratidzo - tsvuku uye dema mireza. At zvose zviitiko zvinobatanidza kwavari inzwi, kazhinji chete Anti-yechiFascist masirogani.

Chinangwa neoanarhizma muRussia

zvimwe Modern neoanarhichesky kutsutsumwa mu Russia ndiyo chete vasiri partisan musimboti panze danho, chin'a simba. vatungamiriri Its vanodavira kuti chinangwa sangano - hondo fascism, uyewo mudzi wawo chinokonzera - capitalism, izvo anosika evanhu kusaruramisira uye kutama zvayo chipo chimiro.