Kwesayenzi tsaona: tsanangudzo, kupatsanura, mienzaniso. The zvinokonzera tsaona maindasitiri uye njodzi. Personal yakachengeteka tsaona channel

Pasinei padanho kukura kusina vanhu, uye nguva dzose zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe zvakatipoteredza. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21, budiriro dzedu kuramba vainzwa nokuchinja panyika, kuti initiators izvo iye pachake. The ngozi zvikuru yevanhu dzevamhan'ari zvakasikwa, zvikuru nezvimwewo uye kutyisa nayo anopindura. Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose chinhu kupomera kwezvakatipoteredza: tsaona rwokugadzirwa muna 70% nyaya anokonzerwa mhosva murume pachake.

Gore negore nhamba zviitiko zvakadaro chete kukura dambudziko zvakasikwa ichi rini, zvinosuruvarisa rinenge zuva nezuva. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti mumakore 20 apfuura kwawedzera maitikiro wavo chaizvo kaviri. Zvinosuruvarisa nhamba izvi zvose kuvanza kusiririsa: tsaona murume-yakaitwa - harisi chete chaizvo mari kubvisa migumisiro yadzo, asi akaremara upenyu uye vanhu vakaurayiwa kana kuremadzwa.

chikuru mashoko

Zviya, chii chaizvo chinorehwa iri? Zviri nyore: moto, ndege abondera, kubonderana kwemotokari, uye zvimwe zviitiko zvakaitika nemhaka munhu. The zvakawanda budiriro yedu inobva hwokugadzira nzira management, kuti kakawanda tsaona nevanhu. Izvi, nhamo, ndiyo axiom.

vanoumba siteji

Chiitiko chose munyika hapana "zvakadaro" uye kwete pakarepo. Kunyange kuputika kuputika inotanga chaicho kutotanga kuwanda yakanyungudutswa magma. Zvino iyi: Murume-akaita dambudziko hunhu kunotanga kuwedzera kunaka kuchinja kana maindasitiri, kana zvakananga kutora chinhu. tsaona Chero (kunyange murume-akaita) kwaitika achifuridzirwa decentralization, inoparadza zvikonzero zviri huripo mugadziriro. Technologists vanoiswa mashanu njodzi:

• Initial kuunganidza zvarakasiya.
• Mharuro muitiro (a nemagandanga, waishandiswa dambudziko, kuregeredza).
• Just tsaona.
• Action Migumisiro, izvo zvinogona refu chaizvo.
• Matanho kubvisa tsaona.

Sezvo isu funga njodzi nevanhu, isu kutsanangura chirambe uye predisposing zvinhu:

• Oversaturation uye kunyanya kuoma kwemarongerwe kugadzirwa kwacho.
• Pakutanga, zvikanganiso pamasikiro uye gadzira.
• Depreciation zvokushandisa, zvisingachashandi achishandisa kugadzirwa.
• Zvikanganiso kana kukuvadza kwakaunzwa nokuda nomudonzvo, kurwiswa nemagandanga.
• Kusanzwisisa pamwe vagari zviito siyana nenyanzvi.

Ndizvo kukonzera tsaona nevanhu. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti kunyange makore 100-150 apfuura pakanga mhuka shoma chaizvo: kwaparara, tsaona panguva fekitari, etc. Kubva nhasi, iwoyo dzakasiyana-siyana maindasitiri uye michina nzira yakadaro kuti zvinoda munhu yoga kupatsanura tsaona nevanhu ... We ongorora nayo.

Transport tsaona

Ndizvo zvimwe chiitiko zvakanyanyisa chokuita motokari, anokonzerwa hwokugadzira kukundikana kana zvimwewo zvinhu, nokuda paiva kukuvara pfuma, yakawanda kwaitwa, vanhu vakaurayiwa kana kukuvara. Akanga kunzwisisa zviri nani kutambudzwa ichi mhando zviitiko, tinopa mienzaniso mishomanana:

• 1977, Los rodeos they and Airport (Canary Islands). A tsaona yakaipisisa kana akasangana chete mbiri "747". Somugumisiro njodzi vakauraya vanhu 583. Nhasi ndiyo kupfuura uye zvikuru zvinotyisa tsaona munhau yose vehurumende avhiyesheni.
• 1985, Japan "747" JAL Flight 123 yakadonha mugomo nokuda wekushandisa zvikanganiso. Njodzi aiti upenyu vanhu 520. Up kusvikira ikozvino, riri kuonekwa kupfuura vehurumende ndege kuputsika.
• September 2001, United States. Wakashata kudhumhana ndege pamwe World Trade Center shongwe. The nhamba chaiyo vakaurayiwa vachiri kuzivikanwa.

Saka, kufirwa upenyu - ndicho kutombonaka vari tsaona nevanhu. Mienzaniso njodzi yakadaro iripo muna USSR:

• November 16, 1967 apo dzichibhururuka kubva Ekaterinburg (zvino Sverdlovsk) yakadonha IL-18. vanhu vose 130 vaiva iyoyo mungarava vakaurayiwa.
• May 18, 1972 at Kharkov yendege yakadonha An-10 akawira vega kana achiwana. Total akauraya vanhu 122. Gare gare Zvakazoitika kuti chikonzero penga tsaona yakadaro aiva yakadzama STRUCTURAL utera muchina pachayo. More ndege iyi mhando havana kushandiswa.

Zvino ngatimbotaura kuti tsaona nevanhu uye njodzi mhando kunogona kutyisidzira vose: pashure zvose, mukana kufa mutsaona yendege iri duku zvikuru, zvisina chokwadi, somuenzaniso, moto.

Moto uye kuputika

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana njodzi dzinongoitika uye channel mavambo munyika, kubva kare kusvika nanhasi. Kwakakanganisa kwazvo zvinhu, Tichitarisa kukuvara zvakasikwa, akauraya vanhu vakawanda. Vakapona kutambura mupfungwa kushushikana, kukurira iye oga kazhinji vanokundikana, nokuti rinoda anokwanisa wepfungwa.

Kana iri ichangopfuura kare maiva njodzi nevanhu vakadaro? Mienzaniso kubva ichangopfuura zvekare:

• June 3, 1989 - chiitiko zvinotyisa munyika yedu kusikwa, pedyo netaundi Asha dzakavhenekera tikaisa ndiri zviviri mutakurwi nezvitima. Anofungidzirwa, izvi zvakaitika nokuda leakage negasi kune mukuru gasi Mapaipi. Total akauraya vanhu 575, pakati pavo - pavana 181. Chaiyo zvinokonzera nyaya hadzisi pachena.
• 1999 Mont Blanc tanera. Passenger motokari kubatwa moto. Fire saka vakapararira kuti akakwanisa ariswededze chete pashure pemazuva maviri. vanhu 39 vakafa. Vakanga mhosva udzore mugero basa, uyewo mutyairi rori akafa.

Ndezvipi zvimwe njodzi nevanhu? Mienzaniso zvinosuruvarisa dzakawanda.

Accident kusunungura (kana kutyisidzira) kuti simba chepfu

Panyaya iyi, iyo kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza iri vabudiswa vakawanda zvinhu izvo zviri rawo zvipenyu zviri yakaenzana yakasimba muchetura. Vazhinji yeimwe izvi kwete chete nhaka refu mwero toxicity, asi kugadzikana chaizvo, nokukurumidza asunungurwa kupinda mumhepo kutyora kugadzirwa kutenderera. Kwakadaro tsaona nevanhu uye njodzi ndiyo chaizvoizvo kutyisa, nekuti iri kosi yavo vakauraya vanhu vazhinji kwazvo, kunyange zvakawanda - vakaremara, vana vakaberekwa inotyisa deformities uye vaberekwe vakaremara.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinotyisa mienzaniso iri mhando tsaona ndozvazvakaita kamwe kwakaitika imwe bazi American kambani "Union Carbide". Kubvira ipapo, Indian guta Bhopal runoonekwa anofanana ne gehena panyika. Kuputsa kwakaitika muna 1984: sezvo pamusana incredible upenzi hwake kuregeredza mudonzvo mumhepo vacho matani methyl isocyanate, akasimba muchetura. It zvose zvakaitika izvi pousiku. By mangwanani, zvitunha vakanga yakazara yose mufurati uye mumigwagwa: muchetura chaizvo akapisa mumapapu, uye vanhu, unopenga chete mukurwadziwa, akaedza kudzingwa mumhepo.

The US Hurumende ichiri anoti ipapo akauraya 2.5 zviuru vanhu, ndizvo chete arambe achirema zvokuwedzera muguta panguva iyoyo ndechokuti, angangodaro, vakafa dzinenge 20 zviuru. Chimwe 70,000 vanhu vakanga vasara vakaremara. Munharaunda iyoyo, uye nhasi, vana vanozvarwa vaine yakaipisisa deformities. Chii kwesayenzi tsaona anogona kukwikwidzana idonhe simba chepfu?

Njodzi kusunungura radioactive zvinhu

Mumwe mhando njodzi muzvigadzirwa kwakabva zvikuru ngozi. Radiation kwete chete inouraya zvipenyu, asi chinokurwadzai aval kuwedzera cellular zvakakanganisika uye kunotouraya: mhuka uye vanhu pachena kuti nemwaranzi, potse zvirokwazvo vanoramba asingabereki, vanokurukura dzakawanda nekenza, uye vavo, kunyange kana zvingaita sokuti ari chiedza, kakawanda dzawirwa vaberekwe vakaremara. Yokutanga tsaona nevanhu uye Ngwavaira iri mhando zvakatanga kuitika panguva apo vakawanda vanoparadza renyukireya simba zvinomera uye reactors kuti vaive uranium exchange zvombo-mugiredhi uye plutonium yave kwakatangwa.

Kwete kare, vose zvinotevera zviitiko Japanese taundi Fukushima: chiteshi ichi, maererano nezvinhu zvichiitika ikoko zvino, uchava kuchetura Pacific Ocean radioactive mvura ine mazana akawanda emakore. Kubvisa migumisiro vokuJapan achiri havagoni, uye hazvingaiti ivo chichabudirira, nokuti zvakanyunguduka mafuta renyukireya aenda kure mune mumhenderekedzo yegungwa ivhu. Kana isu anotsanangura "radioactive" tsaona murume-yakaitwa kuRussia uye yaimbova Soviet Union, kuuya mupfungwa pakarepo vari nyaya mbiri: paChernobyl uye chirimwa "Mayak" muna kuChelyabinsk munharaunda. Uye kana munhu paChernobyl anoziva anenge munhu wose, tsaona pa "Mayak" zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1957.

In pamberi kuti makore gumi, muna 1947, zvakava pachena kuti nyika kukurumidza kunzwirwa guru mari zvombo-mugiredhi uranium exchange-235. Kugadzirisa nyaya iyi namahwindo muguta Ozersk guru zvebhizimisi kuti pagadzirwe zvombo zvenyukireya yenhengo dzakavakwa. The muitiro rakaumbwa guru uwandu mwaranzi. Ivo akabatanidzwa kuva "mabhanga" chaiyo, iri in racherwa paruware. Kutonhora yakaitwa achishandisa simbi coils. Pakazopera 1956 mumwe sepombi ikakura rimwe buri, mugaba asisiri tonhorera. Kwapera gore, uwandu mwaranzi kwasvika yakaoma guru uye zvose raputika ...

mumwe muenzaniso

Asi kwete nguva dzose pfungwa njodzi nevanhu kunosanganisira kuputika, moto uye / kana kwemagandanga. A muenzaniso wakakwana ndiye American Medical (!) Product Therac-25, vakanga vaenda dzakatevedzana kugadzirwa muna 1982. Pakutanga, zvakanga yakunda vanachiremba American: akaoma maturusi nokuti nemwaranzi kurapa wakasikwa kungotaurwa achishandisa kombiyuta Masvomhu! Izvi ndizvo chete gare gare akaziva kuti "mushonga" zvikuru radioactive, mashoko akarurama pamusoro nhamba yevanhu vachiri hapana. Kwakapiwa kuti pagadzirwe warinozokwidzwa chete pashure pegore, nhamba vanobatwa zvechokwadi chaizvo ...

In nevasina pamusoro apa, zvinokonzera nevanhu tsaona chenhando - zvikanganiso epakutanga kugadzirwa. Panguva iyo "Lighthouse" vanhu vanenge havazivi kuti kwakajairika zvinhu mukuru kumashure nemwaranzi akafumuka pamwero hazvidaviriki, uye akataura chivimbo vokuAmerica mune chakagadzirwa uchenjeri uye makaro zviri misoro nemakambani anogadzira mishonga.

Kusunungurwa pakugadzira nengozi zvinhu

Izvi izwi Kazhinji rinoreva vachipinda nharaunda pamusoro chaivo zvombo: rwisana okuva denda, korera, chibhokisi, etc. Zviri pachena kuti zviremera zviitiko kwakadaro munyika havadi ... Vaivapo Tsaona rwokugadzirwa zvakadai muRussia? Zvakaoma kutaura. Asi muSoviet Union uyu chaizvo. Izvi zvakaitika muna April 1979 muna Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg). Zvadaro, dzakawanda anoverengeka vanhu vanorwara nechigwadara, uye nayo utachiona kugozha zvaishamisa chaizvo uye havana dzinoenderana yepanyama.

Two shanduro zvakaitika: netsaona leakage chakavanzika tsvakurudzo ne kuita sabhoteji. Kusiyana mafungiro "musori" muSoviet utungamiriri, zvakatipoteredza, wechipiri shanduro anekodzero upenyu: Nyanzvi kakawanda akanongedza kuti yatanga rakafukidza nzvimbo iri vanonzi "choutsi" gogonera. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti buri aiva siyana. Uyezve, muna "kwacho", pamusoro kurwara-fated Research Institute, nhamba Muzviitiko zvave shoma. Unorema vakaurayiwa vaigara zvikuru mberi. Uye mumwe. "Voice of America" wakakuzivisa zvakaitika mangwanani musi 5 April. Panguva ino, chete vaviri nyaya yakanyorwa, uye vakanga pasi nechirwere "mabayo".

Sudden kutenda kwako kushayiswe Zvivako

Kazhinji, zvikonzero tsaona maindasitiri uye njodzi iyi mhando - zvakakura yokutyora pamusoro dariro zvakagadzirwa uye kuvakwa kwezvivako. Kutanga ndechokuti nezvebasa rinorema michina, mamiriro rwakashata ekunze, nezvimwewo. D. kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza shoma, asi kunowanzoguma mutsaona kufa vakawanda vanhu.

Zvinogona dzakanakira muenzaniso "Transvaal Park". varaidzo ino yakaoma muMoscow, inova pokuwa padenga rakanga 14 February 2004. Chivako panguva iyoyo paiva nevanhu vanenge 400, pamwe zvinenge 1/3 wavo - Vana vaiuya nevabereki vavo vari vana dziva. Total akauraya vanhu 28, vana vasere. Uwandu vakuvara - vanhu 51, vana dzinenge 20. Pakutanga vaiona gandanga chiito shanduro, asi zvakanga zvakanyanya kuipa: akagadzira kunonyanyisa vakarega pakuvaka, zvokuti kutsigira mamiriro zvikuru decoration pane rutsigiro chaiyo padenga. Under mutoro zviduku echando, akadonha pamisoro holidaymakers vanhu.

Pokuwa simba nehurongwa

Zviitiko izvi zvinogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri:

• Tsaona nesimba, pamwe chete refu chidzivaidzo musimba wedzerai.
• Tsaona pamusoro simba network, izvo zvakazoita vatengi zvakare vanozviwana kunyimwa Magetsi kana kumwewo simba.

Somuenzaniso, May 25, 2005 muMoscow paiva kuparara, richisiya pasina magetsi vakanga vasiri mishoma guru mumaguta, asi nzvimbo vazhinji Moscow nharaunda, uyewo vamwe misha pedyo Kaluga uye Ryazan. Several zviuru vanhu kwenguva yakati yave akarwiswa mune pevhu zvitima, vanachiremba vakawanda vaiita dzinonetsa akavhiyiwa chete nokuda furashiraiti.

Zvakadini kudai mukati njodzi nomunhu

Uye isu zvino kunzi kuchengeteka munguva yedambudziko nevanhu. More chaizvo, ari kuchengetedza ayo zviyero. Zvakadini kana vari isiri nzvimbo panguva isiri nguva? Chokutanga, zvinoita sokunge corny sezvo, edza kuti tisatya, nokuti mamiriro ichi, vanhu vari kufa pakutanga. Kugona manzwiro, unofanira kuedza uye kuwana zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakachengeteka nzvimbo, kana panzira zvashata mbudo (kana moto, somuenzaniso). Dzivisa inhalation mhepo nomuti seguruva, magasi kana utsi. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakakosha kushandisa donje-gauze bhandiji kana kungoti kutyora zvinhu zvisingadiwi mbatya, inyorovese nemvura ufuridzire kuburikidza zvidimbu izvi tishu. Zvakakosha kuti kugadzirwa bhandeji yakaitwa dzinongoerekana nezvinhu!

Usaedze kuva gamba, tichisiya kwacho njodzi pamusoro yavo: inofanira pamwe nevamwe vanobatwa uye kumirira kusvika zvokununura mapoka. Pakaitika tsaona yacho munguva inotonhora mwaka, unofanira kuedza kuchengetedza simba kuburikidza kuunganidza zvose zvinowanikwa zvokudya uye ushamwari nguo. Kana uri munzvimbo rakavhurika, atambudzwe vanunuri, vachidzipisa chiratidzo moto kana kushandisa chinokosha chitundumuseremusere launcher (kana).