Anti-tank rifle PTRS (Simonov): maitiro, caliber

Anti-tank rifle PTRS (Simonov) yakagamuchirwa muzhizha ra1941. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kurwisa matanho aripo uye mashomanana, ndege, uyewo motokari dzakadzivirirwa ari kure nemamita 500. Mukuwedzera, zvaive zvichikwanisa kurwisana neDOTs, bunkers uye vavengi vanopinza maputi, akafukidzwa nengoro, kubva kure kusvika mamita 800 kubva pfuti. Pfuti iyi yakaita basa rinokosha pahondo yeHondo Yenyika II. Nyaya yacho ichakurukura nhoroondo yezvisikwa zvayo uye kushandiswa kwayo, uyewo tactical uye technic character.

Historical background

Anti-tank rifles (PTR) inonzi zvibato zvakabatwa nemaoko zvinogona kurwisa zvombo zvehondo zvombo. Uyewo, PTR inoshandiswa kurwisa zvombo uye pasi-inobhururuka. Kuvonga karikodhi ine simba uye rurefu rurefu, simba guru rinoputika re bullet rinowanikwa, rinobvumidza kurova zvombo. Iyo PTR yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakakwanisa kupinda mukati mezvombo kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi matatu ehupamhi uye yaiva nzira dzinoshanda kwazvo yekurwisa matangi. Mimwe mienzaniso yakanga ine hukuru hwakawanda uye yaiva, chokwadi, zvombo zviduku.

PaGermany maitiro ekutanga ePTR akaonekwa kakasvika pakuguma kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Kusakwanisa kwekugadzirisa, vanobhadhara nokuda kwekufamba kwepamusoro, kusununguka kwekukanganiswa uye kudhura. Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakanga iri yePTR chaiyo nguva yegore, nokuti zvachose vatori vechikamu muhondo vakashandisa rudzi urwu rwezvombo.

Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yaiva yekutanga kupopotedzana kukuru munhoroondo yevanhu, iyo inogona kutsanangurwa zvakanakisisa se "hondo yemotokari". Matangi nemamwe marudzi emotokari dzakagadziriswa yakava hwaro hwemauto ekufambisa. Yaiva tangi wedhaini yakava iyo yakagadziriswa mukushandiswa kwemaNazi maitiro "Blitzkrieg".

Mushure mokukundwa kunotyisa pakutanga kwehondo, maSoviet mauto ainge aine chikonzero chakasimba chekugadzirira kurwisa zvombo zvehondo zvombo. Vaida nzira dzinyore uye dzisingagoni kugadziriswa, dzakakwanisa kudzivisa mishonga yakaoma. Uyu waiva mutsotsi unopikisa tangi. Muna 1941, mapoka maviri ezvombo zvakadaro akaiswa mubasa: Degtyarev pfuti uye mfuti yeSimonov. NePTRD, vanhu vose vanonyatsoziva. Tom akabatsira kune mafirimu nemabhuku. Asi PTRS-41 yakanyanya kuipa, uye haina kubudiswa mumabhuku akadaro. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvaizova zvisina kururama kurambidza zvakakodzera zvepfuti iyi.

Muedzo wokutanga wokuzivisa MOT

MuSoviet Union, kusikwa kwepfuti ye anti-tank yakashanda kushanda kubvira kuma40 ezana remakore rapfuura. Kunyanya mukana wekutarisira muenzaniso wePTR, karikiti ine simba ine mhizha ye 14.5 mm yakagadzirwa. Muna 1939, sampu dzakawanda dzePTR dzakaedzwa kamwechete kubva kuvanjiniya veSoviet. Hondo ye anti-tank yeRukavishnikov yakakunda mutambo wacho, asi kuburitsa kwayo kwakanga kusati kwatangwa. Vatungamiri veuto reSoviet vaidavira kuti munguva yemberi motokari dzinodzivirirwa dzichadzivirirwa neusina mamita 50 mm zvombo, uye kushandiswa kwezvombo zvinopesana neatangi zvingasafanira.

Kuvandudza kwePNSNS

Iko kufungidzira kwehutungamiri kwakave kusina kukwana zvachose: mhando dzose dzemotokari dzakashandiswa dzakashandiswa ne Wehrmacht pakutanga kwehondo dzaigona kugumburwa kubva kumapurisa anonzi tank, kunyange kana ichipfura mberi. Musi waJuly 8, 1941, hutungamiri hwemasoja hwakasarudza kutanga sarudzo ye serial yePTR. Mutevedzeri weRukavishnikov wakanzi wakaoma uye unodhura zvikuru kune mamiriro ezvo nguva iyoyo. Mutambo mutsva wakatanga kuziviswa pakusikwa kweMFA yakakodzera, umo injini mbiri dzakabatanidzwa: Vasily Degtyarev naSergei Simonov. Mazuva makumi maviri nemaviri gare gare, varimi vakapa zviputi zvepfuti dzavo. Stalin akafarira zvose zvidzidzo, uye munguva pfupi ivo vakaiswa muhurukuro.

Operation

Iko kare muna Gumiguru 1941, pirsi ye anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) yakatanga kusvika kumauto. Pakutanga kushandiswa kwekutanga, yakaratidza kukwirira kwayo. Muna 1941, vaNazi vakanga vasina motokari dzakadzivirirwa dzinogona kudzivisa moto weSimonov gun. Chimbo chacho chakanga chiri nyore chaizvo kushandisa uye chakanga chisingadi chikwata chapamusoro chekudzidzira kumurwi. Kuona zvishandiso zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kugadzika nechivimbo muvengi mumamiriro ezvinhu asinganzwisisiki. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvakaonekwa kuti mapeji 14,5-mm mamodhi aiva nehutachiwana hweborbornevoe: mamwe mauto emhandu, podbityh yePTR, akanga ane masango gumi nemaviri.

Vatungamiri veGermany vakaramba vachicherechedza kubudirira kwePTRS-41. Maererano navo, Soviet anti-tank pfuti yakanyanya kupfuura vaGermany. Apo maGermany akakwanisa kuwana PTRC semakwikwi, vaida kuishandisa mukurwisa kwavo.

Mushure meHondo yeStalingrad, kukosha kwePTR senzira huru yekurwisa matangi yakatanga kuderera. Zvisinei, kunyange muhondo dzeKursk Bulge, vanobaya zvombo vanokudza mbiri iyi kamwe chete.

Kupera kwekugadzirwa

Sezvo zvaive zvakaoma uye zvakadhura kubudisa anti-tank kuzviisa pfuti yeSimonov system kupfuura Degtyarev PTR, yakagadzirwa zvishoma zvishoma. Pakazosvika 1943 maGermany akatanga kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwezvombo zvezvombo zvavo, uye kubudirira kwezvidziviriri zveti-tank zvakatanga kuderera zvakanyanya. Kubudirira kubva pane izvi, kukohwa kwavo kwakatanga kuderera zvakanyanya, uye pasina nguva vakamira zvachose. Kuedza kugadziridza pfuti uye kuwedzera kupindira kwezvombo zvaro kwakaitwa nevakadziri vemazano vakasiyana-siyana muna 1942-1943, asi vose havana kubudirira. Kugadziriswa kunoitwa naS S. Rashkov, S. Ermolaev, M. Blum naV. V. Slukhotsky, zviri nani kupinda mukati mezvombo, asi vakanga vasingapfuuri uye vashoma kupfuura PTRS uye PTRD. Muna 1945 yakava pachena zvakajeka kuti senzira yekurwisana nematangi, anti-tank self-loading pfuti yakanga yapera.

Mumakore ekupedzisira eHondo Yenyika II, apo yakanga isati yave isina chinangwa yekurwisa matangi nePTR, pusher yezvombo yakatanga kuvashandisa kukunda vatakuri vezvombo zvehondo, mauto ekuzvidzivirira oga, nguva refu yekuputira uye nzvimbo dzisingabatsiri.

Muna 1941, makopi 77 ePTRS akabudiswa, uye gore rakatevera - 63.3000. Pakupera kweHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, anenge mabhiriyoni zviuru makumi mapfumbamwe akauya kubva pagungano. Vamwe vavo vakawana kushanda muHondo yeKorea.

Zvinoshandiswa zvekushandiswa

Kubvira kure nemamita zana emasiteteti anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) inogona kupinda 50-mm zvombo, uye kubva kure nemamita 300 - 40-millimita. Panguva imwecheteyo pfuti yacho yakanga yakarurama chaizvo yekupfura. Asi iyewo aiva nenzvimbo isina simba-yakadzika yebobornevoe. Saka mune zvechiuto, kubudirira kwebhuruti inozivikanwa mushure mokupinda mukati mezvombo. Kuti upinde muchitangi uye kuchivhara mumatambudziko akawanda zvakanga zvisina kukwana, zvaidiwa kurova tangi kana mamwe mazano anokosha emushini.

Kubudirira kwekushanda kwePPRTS nePTSD kwakanyanya kuderera apo maGermany akatanga kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwezvombo zvezvombo zvavo. Somugumisiro, zvaive zvisingakwanisi kuitsva nepfuti. Kuti vaite izvi, vapfuri vaifanira kushanda pamakwikwi madiki, izvo zvakanyanya kuoma zvikuru kubva pakufunga kwepfungwa. Apo pfuti ye anti-tank yakadzingwa, guru guru remhepo rakasimuka rakapoteredza, richibudisa nzvimbo yekufambisa yomupfuri. Muvengi wekumhanyisa mhirizhonga, snipers uye mauto, vaifambisa tangi, vakatungamirira varwi, vakashongedzwa nePTRs, kuvhima chaiye. Yakawanzoitika apo mushure mekudengenyeka kwetangi, hapana murwi anoramba aripo akange ari mune kambani yekuputira zvombo.

Kuvaka

Kushongedza kwepfuti kunopa kubviswa zvishoma kwemasvivha eupfu kubva mubhairi. Kuti udzidzise izvi, mutungamiri wenzira mitatu akaiswa, kuverenga huwandu hwemagasi anosunungurwa piston, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa. Nzira ye trunk yakanga yakavharwa nekuda kwe skewing yevhavha. Pamusoro peiyo trunk yaiva piston yegesi.

Icho chinokonzera uye chinokonzera maitiro chinokubvumira kuti upise moto chete. Apo magiradhi acho anopera, bhuti rinoramba riri munzvimbo yakazaruka. Iyo yakagadzirwa inoshandisa mureza-fuse fuse.

Iyo mbiro ine hupfumi huri kurudyi-kuruka ruoko uye yakagadzirirwa nebheji rakaputsika. Ndizvo zvangu kuvhuna-kubvisa chikwereti, kudzoka kwepfuti kwakanyanya kuderedzwa. Buttplate butt yakagadzirirwa kushamiswa kwekusimudza (muto). Dhipatimendi rakasimudza rine chifukidzo chemukati chekudzivirira uye mupfuri wekusimudzira. Kubhadhara kunoitwa kubva pasi, nekubatsirwa kwesimbi yepakiti yezvitsva zvishanu, yakaderedzwa. Zvitanhatu zvezvikwata izvi zvakasungwa nePTRS. Huru hwekupfutidzira kubva pfuti nehupamhi hwepamusoro hwekubata kwakanaka kwaiva mamita 800. Sezvo chigadziro chinogadzirisa chakanga chashandiswa sarudzo-type type kuona, kushanda mukati memazana e100-1500 mamita. Pfuti, iyo yakasikwa naSergei Simonov, yakanga yakaoma zvakanyanya uye yakanyanya kukurira kupfuura mfuti yaDegtyarev, asi yakakunda paanenge 5 shots paminiti.

PTRS yakashandiswa nekuverengwa kwevarwi vaviri. Mukurwa, pfuti yacho inogona kutakura imwe nhamba yekuverenga kana maviri. Inotakura kutakura yakanga yakabatanidzwa pane butt uye trunk. Pachigaro chekufamba, PTR inogona kuparadzaniswa muzvikamu zviviri: aigamuchira nemuti uye chitima chine bipod.

Pasi pechiratidzo chePTRS, cartridge yakagadziridzwa iyo inogona kunge yakagadzirwa nemhando mbiri dzemabhomba :

1. B-32. Chinhu chakareruka-kuboora-chinopisa chinoputika nesimbi yakasimba yakaoma.
2. BS-41. Icho chinopesana neB-32 cermet core.

PTRS: maitiro

Kupfupisa zvese pamusoro apa, tinopa hukuru hunhu hwepfuti:

1. Nhamba yacho ndeye 14.5 mm.
2. Kurema - 20.9 kg.
3. Iyo yakareba 2108 mm.
4. Mutengo wemoto - gumi neminomwe paminiti.
5. Nhanho yebhurosi pavanenge vabuda kubva munhare ndeye 1012 m / s.
6. Bullet uzere - 64 g.
7. Iyo mujee simba is 3320 kGm.
8. Simba-kuboora: nemamita 100 - 50 mm, ne 300 m - 40 mm.

Mhedziso

Pasinei nokuti chokwadi chekuti pirs anti-tank PTRS (Simonov) ine zvigumbuso, varwi veSoviet vaida izvi zvombo, uye vavengi vaitya. Yakanga iri dambudziko-isina, isingateereri, yakashandurwa zvikuru uye inoshanda. Maererano nekushanda kwayo uye kurwisana, Simonov's anti-tank self-loading pfuti yakapfuura zvose zvakafanana kune dzimwe nyika. Asi chinonyanya kukosha, chaive chimbo chechimbo chakabatsira maSoviet mauto kukunda izvo zvinonzi tank kutya.