Artistic uye aesthetic kwevanhu vanoda

Maererano migumisiro matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvinogona vakagumisa kuti kunyange chinyakare vanhu akanga chairwo aesthetic zvinodiwa. Vaongorori vakawana mimwe bako mifananidzo zvakaitwa kwemakore anenge zviuru 30 akapfuura. Kunyange ipapo, murume akarota kuti akanga takapoteredzwa inowirirana, zvinhu dzakanaka.

Anosvika kunobva aesthetic zvinodiwa

Ndiani aesthetic zvinodiwa? Pane huru nzira nhatu kuti kunzwisisa uku izwi.

hedonism

Pfungwa aesthetic mafaro (hedonism) kunosanganisira maonero zvakasikwa sezvo chikuru vafare. John. Locke akati kuti mashoko akadai sokuti "runako,", "akanaka" sezvinoitwa nevanhu kumiririra vaya zvinhu izvo "kunyengedza manzwiro mafaro uye mufaro." Kuti kusvika akwanise kuonekwa zvinoyevedza zvinodiwa hedonic-aesthetic kwakatungamirira chimiro experimental aesthetics.

Muvambi mirayiridzo iyi anonzi G. Fechner psychophysics. Aesthetic vanofanira kufunga kudiwa rokusika zvinhu nokuda aesthetic mafaro. Ferhner akaongorora boka revazvipiri, tichivapa ruzha, mavara. The vakawana zvabuda kwakanyorwa systematized, zvokuti zvaigoneka kusimbisa "mitemo" kuti aesthetic zvinofadza:

• pachikumbaridzo;
• achisimbisa;
• maererano;
• kutsanangurika;
• Hapana musiyano;
• aesthetic nokushamwaridzana.

Kana masanga pamwe zvepanyama unhu dzishande parameters munhu aigona kuona mufaro chaiwo kubva zvaakaona zvinhu zvakagara. Fungidziro akawana kushandiswa kwayo dzakakurumbira mutsika uye mumaindasitiri nepurani. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakawanda vanofarira Zvinoonekwa motokari dzinodhura, asi kwete vose vanongoberekwa aesthetic vanofanira kufunga mabasa Expressionists German.

Pfungwa tsitsi

Izvi kunoratidzwa kuti pane kuchinjwa anosangana vamwe mifananidzo, yakaita munhu anoenzanisa navo. Schiller unyanzvi anoona semukana "kutendeukira manzwiro evamwe kunyika yavo ruzivo." Pfungwa tsitsi nzwisisa. Dzidziso iyi kunoratidza kugutsa aesthetic zvinodiwa tichibatsirwa mifananidzo, "vakasikwa mitemo."

zvishande kusvika

Panyaya iyi, iyo aesthetic zvinodiwa munhu anoonekwa somunhu musiyano pakati nouchenjeri nokunzwisisa. Pfungwa iyi yaidavirwa Aristotle. Vanotsigira izvi kufunga unyanzvi somunhu kufunga. Vanodavira kuti aesthetic zvinodiwa munhu kumubatsira kudzidza pamusoro nyika.

"Psychology of Art"

L. S. Vygotsky mubasa rake ongorora dambudziko. Aidavira kuti aesthetic zvinodiwa munhu anogona chinhu rinokosha socialization enyama nyika yake. Maererano dzidziso zvinorondedzerwa basa "Psychology of Art", munyori anogutsikana kuti achibatsirwa mabasa ounyanzvi inogona kuva chido, manzwiro, zvaimunetsa, kuchinja nokusaziva dzidzo. Panyaya iyi, munhu ane ezvinhu catharsis, dzinoratidzwa kuvhenekerwa, kubviswa kuzvipokanidza manzwiro, kuziva avo ezvinhu matsva. Nokuda kuerera dzomunyika voltage tichibatsirwa mifananidzo, pane chido chaiye mamwe aesthetic basa. Panguva paumbwe imwe zvinoyevedza kuravira, maererano Vygotsky, uye pane chikonzero aesthetic dzidzo. Man akagadzirira kudzidza dzidziso, kuzodzosera nekusangana kunonakidza kwokudzidza kutarisana unyanzvi zvinhu.

Sezvo empirical kusimudzira zvakakwana munhu, kuchinja vanhu, maonero runako, chido kusika. Somugumisiro mberi muminda siyana mabasa evanhu vakasangana kubudirira siyana netsika nyika. Somugumisiro, mberi modernized unyanzvi uye aesthetic zvinodiwa murume, kugadziriswa zvokunamata paunhu. Ivo zvinokanganisa mirayiridzo yokusika, ungwaru, okugadzira zvinhu uye pfungwa dzezvinangwa, mafungiro kune vamwe vanhu. Pasina vanowanika kukwanisa aesthetic manzwisisire wevanhu havazokwanisi kuziva pachavo yakaisvonaka uye chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda nyika. Muchiitiko chino, zvichaita zvisingabviri kutaura pamusoro tsika. Nezvekugadzirwa unhu zvaibvira nemhaka aesthetic dzidzo chinangwa.

Kukosha nemagariro budiriro

Ongorora pfungwa aesthetic zvinodiwa. Mienzaniso mukuru-mugiredhi aesthetic dzidzo kukosha chenhau zvinhu zviri nekusimbiswa. Zvinodiwa mune aesthetic toronga kukura hwenyika. Munhu evanhu munhu, saka zvakakodzera kuti kuzvidzora Kuziva kunzwa kukosha kwayo, kunofanirawo. Kusagutsikana dzinoita hasha, inokanganisa pamusoro epfungwa wemunhu.

Chii kudiwa

Chero chipenyu iripo nokuda norukosoro zvinhu zvakakodzera kuti upenyu. Hwaro izvi ndiko kudiwa kana nezvinodiwa. Edza kuwana tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi. M. P. Ershov mubasa rake "Kudiwa Human" anoti kudiwa ndiwo mudzi choupenyu, uye unhu uhwu unhu zvose zvipenyu. Iye anotenda kudiwa dzimwe dzakananga pfuma yacho mhenyu, izvo chinosiyanisa kubva zvisina upenyu nyika.

Vazivi zvenyika yekare

Nevafungi Roma yekare uye Greece yekare kuti zvakakomba kudzidza dambudziko nezvinodiwa nevamwe, uye kunyange vakakwanisa kuzadzisa nemigumisiro yakanaka. Democritus vanoda akanga se huru motokari simba kuti vakachinja pfungwa womunhu, zvakamubatsira wana matauriro, mutauro, wana tsika basa basa. Kana vanhu havana zvinodiwa izvozvo, vangadai vachipo womusango, kwete aizokwanisa kusika munhu dzakabudirira evanhu munzanga, dziripo mariri. Heraclitus akanga nechokwadi kuti zvaitika zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu muupenyu. Asi muzivi vakaona kuti kuda kuva vanonzwisisa kuti munhu anogona kunatsiridza unyanzvi hwavo noruzivo. Plato anokamura zvose zvinodiwa mapoka akawanda:

• chikuru, izvo zvinoumba "mweya ezasi";
• yechipiri, inokwanisa wezvamatongerwe anonzwisisa ani.

modernity

Kukosha date unhu French zvokuvakisa vakapa mukunopera kwezana remakore rechi17. Somuenzaniso, P. Holbach akati kuti achibatsirwa zvinodiwa munhu anogona kudzora hasha dzake, kuda uye ungwaru, kutanga vakazvimiririra. NGChernyshevsky anoda chokuita zvishande basa chero munhu. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti muupenyu hwake murume kuchinja zvido, inova huru chikonzero kuti kuramba kukura hwokusika basa. Pasinei zvakakura zvakasiyana, tinogona kutaura kuti zvinofungwa vakanyorwa nemasayendisiti, vane kufanana zhinji. Vose vanoziva ukama pakati zvinodiwa uye basa nevanhu. Zvakaipira ndiyo chido chokuchinja zvinhu nani, kutsvaka nzira yokugadzirisa dambudziko. The kudiwa kunogona kunzi munhu chinoumba kwevanhu womukati mamiriro STRUCTURAL che simba basa, izvo ndehwokuti kubudisa achida mugumisiro. Mune zvaakanyora, Karl Max kudziviswa ichi nyaya yakakwana nzeve, pokuziva kukosha achitsanangura yezvakaita pfungwa. Akacherechedza kuti inoda ndidzo mhosva basa, rega kunyanya munhu kuwana nzvimbo yavo munzanga. nzira nyore kwakadaro kunobva paukama pakati zvepanyama vanhu uye akananga nhoroondo mhando paruzhinji ukama, kuita semabhiriji pakati nezvinodiwa uye mamiriro kwevanhu. Chete ipapo tinogona kutaura ani, Marx vakatenda, kana munhu haringorevi zvavanoda, asi interacts nevamwe vanhu.

yokuzviratidza

Pari pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvaramba kwekodzero zvinodiwa kupatsanura. Epicurus (muzivi wechiGiriki) rinokamukana mumaoko dzinongoitika uye zvakakodzera. Kana kusagutsikana pakati vanhu vari kutambura. INODA akadanidzira kutaurirana nevamwe vanhu. Kuti munhu anogona kuzadzisa yaunayo, anofanira kuisa zvakakomba kuita. Panyaya kuvhenekera, upfumi, zveupfumi, chinhu kuti kwavari matambudziko chaizvo, zvichiita kuti mashomanana. Kufarira nyaya iyi varehwa Dostoevsky. Iye tega kupatsanura yake, sarudzai mashoko nenhumbi, pasina izvo hapana munhu upenyu. Special ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna zvinodiwa pfungwa, kuunza vanhu, munzanga zvinodiwa. Dostoevsky aiva nechokwadi chokuti padanho kukura muzivo zvakananga zvishuwo ake, zvido, maitiro munzanga.

unhu netsika

Aesthetic kuziva chikamu veruzhinji kuziva, ayo STRUCTURAL okunze. It, pamwe netsika ndiyo hwaro nzanga dzemazuva ano, kubatsira vanhu kuti ichishanduka kunobatsirawo vanhu kunamata. In kwayakaita, zvinoita sokuti somunhu zvomudzimu, achitaura mafungiro kune zvimwewo zvinoitika. Hazvina anodzivisa aesthetic kukura, uye kunokurudzira munhu basa, kunomubatsira akaita zvinotaurwa yokungotaura ruzivo.

mhedziso

Akadaro chinhu sezvo kudiwa, padzimba kuvapo vanhu Akakwezva nevafungi zhinji kwazvo uye unhu hunoshamisa. Zvichienderana padanho pave vakangwara features, mumwe munhu anosika woga zvaanoda zvayo yetsika, pasina iyo inokurukura ivepo shoma remara. Azvakaita dzakasimukira munhu, wokutanga kuteerera aesthetic zvinodiwa, uye ipapo vari kufunga zvinhu zvokunyama. kubatana kwakadaro kwevanhu, vari nguva dzose nezvokuvapo vanhu kwainzi munhu anoyemurika, muenzaniso wavo akanga achiteverwa nevamwe. Zviri kudiwa kutaura, nechido chokuita chinhu vamwe vanhu, mune nhamba enyika uye paruzhinji, kuvabatsira Nemusi kukura uye kuzvidzora-Kuziva.