Astrolabe - chekare zvenyeredzi Chishandiso

Vazhinji vanodavira kuti budiriro dzedu - ndimo kugara mberi, uye zvose zvinofadza zvikuru Zvakawanikwa uye zvaizoitika asi kuuya. Zvisinei, pakadzika mabasa ouzivi, zvimwe ounyanzvi pakati mapurani uye akatotanga kare isu zviridzwa zvakajeka zvinoratidza incompleteness mafungiro. Ancient nyanzvi uye zvikuru aizivikanwa, ivo makasika nezvivakwa uye zvinhu, nheyo kushanda uye kushanda dzisiri pachena kusvikira pakuguma. Coherence kuti kushanda siyana mano mitemo wefizikisi uye dzakanga dzisingarambiki kugamuchirwa kwavo rubatsiro mashoko kakawanda yakafukidzwa ngano. Kuwanda yakadaro mano kunosanganisira astrolabe, chekare zvenyeredzi chiridzwa.

sarudzo

Sezvo zita rinoreva ( "asteri" muchiGiriki rinoreva kuti "Star"), kuti chikwata chokuita nokudzidza mitumbi yokudenga. Zvechokwadi, kuti astrolabe - chombo kuverenga kukwira hama kuti pose yedu ndiyo nyeredzi uye zuva, uye maererano humboo kuziva nzvimbo munhu pano chinhu. In nzendo refu nomumugwagwa uye nomugungwa astrolabe yakabatsira kuziva Coordonatele uye nguva, kazhinji vanoshumira se chete chipimo.

mamiriro

Astronomical Chishandiso rine Disc, inova stereographic fungidziro pakati denga rakazara nenyeredzi, uye denderedzwa dzakakwirira pomukombero, ndiko midzi disk. Mujinga chikwata (chaikosha bhodhi) ane nechepakati chikamu chiduku mugomba, nechidzitiro mhete kunodiwa kuti zviite dzidziso yose mamiriro panyaya jengachenga. The pakati Chikamu rinoumbwa nevanhu madenderedzwa akawanda zvemapuranga misara izvi uye Dots kuti tizive rusununguko uye Longitude. discs ava inonzi makandira. Goniometrical zvenyeredzi Chishandiso ane nhatu zvinhu zvakadaro, mumwe akakodzera kune imwe Latitude. Kurongeka umo paakapiwa makandira, novimba site: yokumusoro Disc vanofanira zvine denga fungidziro chaienzanirana mugove achapiwa Earth.

Pamusoro tympanum ane grille ( "Spider"), vakapakata mijenya nemiseve achinongedzera nyeredzi chakajeka akaratidza pamusoro fungidziro. Kuburikidza mumakomba nechepakati tympanum, grills uye nheyo akabata ekisero fastening zvikamu. To zvakanga dzakabatanidzwa alidade - chaizvo chikuva computation.

Rakarurama astrolabe riri unoshamisa: Vamwe mano Somuenzaniso, vanokwanisa kuratidza kwete chete sangano zuva, asi zvarakasiya, nekorasi mairi. Sezvineiwo, vekare zvenyeredzi Chishandiso akasikwa panguva apo geocentric nyika maonero inodzorwa. Zvisinei, pfungwa yokuti zvose mitumbi yokudenga dzitendererane panyika, haana kurambidza masayendisiti ekare kusika munhu zvakarurama chiridzwa.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Astronomical Chishandiso ane zita rechiGiriki, asi vazhinji yenhengo dzayo mazita dzechiArab mavambo. Chikonzero ichi pachena kusawirirana mugwara refu kuti vayambuka Chinoshandiswa munguva yayo inotungamirwa.

Nhoroondo kukura nezvenyeredzi, uyewo sayenzi dzimwe dzakawanda, iri zvakabatana chaizvo Girisi yekare. Pano inenge maviri emakore asati yechikristu paiva kumumvuri ari astrolabe. Hipparchus musiki payo. Nechekare muzana remakore rechipiri pashure Kristu Rondedzero akafanana astrolabe goniometer akaita Klavdiy Ptolemey. Akavaka chombo chinogona kuona nzvimbo senyeredzi dzokudenga.

Izvi mangwanani mano akasiyana astrolabes, chii vanofunga ndiye murume ano uye izvo hwakaratidza mumamiziyamu dzakawanda pasi pose. Chokutanga chishandiso anonzi zvatinosiita marongerwo Theon kuvamba Alexandria (IV c. N. E.)

Eastern vakachenjera

Nhoroondo kukura nyeredzi pakutanga Ages zvakatanga kuitika munharaunda vechiIslam inoti. Rakanga chokuita nokutambudzwa masayendisiti kubva muchechi, pamwe Attribution maturusi kufanana astrolabe, kuti Satani mavambo.

MaArab runokwaniswa huchashandiswa vakatanga kuishandisa kwete chete kuziva nzvimbo uye dzidziso kwenyeredzi mumunda, asi uyewo chiyero nguva, mudziyo vamwe masvomhu, panobva venyeredzi. Wisdom of East uye West akabatanidza kupinda mumwe, mugumisiro aiva astrolabe device anosanganisa European nhaka pamwe Arab Ndakafunga.

Pope uye diabolical Chishandiso

Mumwe vokuEurope vaida ndiponesezve astrolabe raiva Herbert Orilyaksky (Sylvester II), zvishoma vakabata pambiru Papa. Akadzidza nebudiriro Arab masayendisiti akadzidza kushandisa zvokushandisa zvakawanda, vakakangamwa kubva kare kana rakarambidzwa nekereke. matarenda ake zvaizivikanwa, asi ukama mutorwa Islamic ruzivo pave chidzoke vanoverengeka ngano nezvake. Herbert akanga vanofungidzirwa maererano succubus, uye kunyange dhiabhori. First Ndakamupa zivo, uye yechipiri akabatsira yepasisa chepamusoro chakadaro muChechi vakuru. Ndakaipa raibva simukai ake. Pasinei zvose norunyerekupe, Herbert akakwanisa ndimutsidzire dzinoverengeka zviridzwa zvinokosha, kusanganisira astrolabe.

dzokera

Papera nguva, muna XII remakore, Europe yakanga zvakare kushandisa mudziyo uyu. Chokutanga, run aingova astrolabe Arabic. Zvakanga kuti maturusi zvitsva zvakawanda uye chete vamwe - kukanganikwa uye modernized nhaka yemadzitateguru avo. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuonekwa munharaunda yabudisa neShanduro, uye nyanzvi mabasa refu chokuita application uye mudziyo astrolabes.

Peak Appliance kukurumbira akauya nenguva zvinhu zvikuru. Nokufamba munhu nepagungwa astrolabe, kunobatsira kuziva apo chikepe kwakanga. Zvisinei, iye akanga ane chinhu kuti negates rakarurama mashoko. Columbus, kufanana vazhinji vezera rake, kuti vafambe mvura, vakanyunyuta kuti mudziyo uyu hazvigoni kushandiswa rwakapetwa, ndiko kubudirira kana chete pasi petsoka yakatarwa nyika kana gungwa akadzikama zvachose.

Vamwe kukosha kuti vafambisi mudziyo vachiri kumiririrwa. Zvimwe ndingadai ndisina zita nokukudzwa kwake, mumwe zvikepe, izvo vakaenda kushanyira yakakurumbira rwendo pakati aiongorora Jean-Fransua Laperuza. Ngarava "Astrolabe" - mumwe maviri muzvirongwa rwendo, uye zvinoshamisa anyangarika mukupera nemasere remakore.

chishongo

With veMubatanidzwa "ruregero" of Renaissance takagamuchira kwete chete zvakasiyana-siyana kuti adzidze yakapoteredza nyika, asi zvinhu yokushongedzwa, chido rokuchera. Astrolabe - zano, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inowanzoshandiswa nokuda vachifanotaura njodzi kufamba nyeredzi, asi nekuti akanga yakashongedzwa zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye zviratidzo. VokuEurope vava tsika navaArabhu kusika yakarurama tichitaura kukura uye naka Fixtures. Astrolabe akatanga mudare kuunganidza. Knowledge nyeredzi ichaongororwa nheyo yedzidzo, nhaka mudziyo akasimbisa kudzidza uye manakiro muridzi.

korona muunganidzwa

Beautiful zviridzwa inlaid namabwe anokosha. Signs chimiro mashizha uye matavi anotandira. Nokuti kupfeka turusi anoshandiswa goridhe nesirivha.

Vamwe vatenzi vakazvipira kune unyanzvi astrolabes anenge zvachose. Muzana XVI remakore, kupfuura inozivikanwa wavo aifungidzirwa Fleming Gualterus Arsenius. For vateresi zvinhu ake kunge mureza runako uye nyasha. Muna 1568 akanga arayira nerimwe astrolabe. Mudziyo nokuti kuyera nzvimbo nyeredzi vaikosha yeAustria mauto konoro Albrecht of Wallenstein. Nhasi, kopi ichi wakachengetwa miziyamu kwavari. MV Lomonosov.

murima chakavanzika

Astrolabe, imwe nzira kana imwe, kutsvedza mu ngano zhinji uye tiwane zviitiko zvekare. Saka, muArabhia padariro nhoroondo yaro, akapa nyika ngano nokunyengedzera Sultan uye mano zvedzidzo dare nyeredzi Biruni. Mutongi pamusoro yakavanzwa emakore nemhaka ganged pamusoro wake kuzoita vakasarudza kushandisa mazano kubvisa naye. N'anga aifanira zvakanyatsonanga chaiwo sei goho pechivanze vachaita kushandisa tenzi wake, kana vanotambura chirango chakarurama. In Masvomhu dzavo Biruni akashandisa astrolabe, uye kunyora migumisiro iri kapepa, akaiisa pasi kapeti. Pusa Sultan akarayira vashandi vake kuti akatema vanopfuura parusvingo uye vakayambuka nawo. Paakadzoka, akazarura bepa uye kuverenga ipapo nokufanotaurirwa mashoko, kutarisira zviito zvake. Biruni mhosva uye ndokusunungurwa.

The inexorable kufambira mberi

Nhasi astrolabe - chikamu yakapfuura nyeredzi. Dzidziso pasi rubatsiro ayo akanga asisiri noitika kubva pakutanga XVIII remakore, apo paiva sextant. Nguva nenguva, asi mudziyo richiri kushandiswa, asi kunyange pashure zana kana kuti astrolabe vaitama chose pamusoro echiShinto ose vateresi uye vanoda Antiquities.

modernity

Inotorwa kunzwisisa kushanda mudziyo uye mudziyo anopa munhu ano muzukuru wake - planisphere. Uyu mepu pana iyo nyeredzi nemapuraneti. yenhengo dzayo, mira uye chinjwa zvikamu, kufanana hwaro uye tikachirega. Kuti uone yakarurama chinzvimbo chiedza neimwe chikamu denga zvinoda anozunungusa yokumusoro chinhu zvakafanana parameters vaida Latitude. Saizvozvowo nezvatinovavarira uye astrolabe. Maoko ake anogona kuita zvakafanana planisphere. muenzaniso uyu uchapa pfungwa yaaizova waro yekare mugadzi.

The mupenyu muzvinambiri

Agadzirira astrolabe inogona kutengwa panguva chirangaridzo zvitoro, dzimwe nguva zvinoita sokuti vari muunganidzwa decoration zvigadzirwa, achitora sezvikonzero Style sim-Punk. Kushanda mano vanowana, zvinosuwisa, zvakaoma. Planisphere uyewo kusingawanikwi muzvitoro edu. Interesting zvidimbu anogona kuwanika dzimwe nzvimbo, asi mari yakadaro chinofamba mepu achava chete chakakandirwa-yesimbi zambuko. Independent magadzirirwo mienzaniso zvingaonekwa ririkuitwa, anoda nguva yakawanda, asi mugumisiro zviripo uye rudo vana.

Azere nyeredzi, saka comprehensively kutora pfungwa vekare Zvinoshamisa pakunaka kwayo uye chakavanzika uye murume ano. mano izvi, dzakadai astrolabe, kuti zvishoma pedyo nesu zvishoma zvinonzwisisika. Museum chirangaridzo kana musiyano pakati mudziyo uyewo zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuona uchenjeri madzitateguru edu zviuru zviviri apfuura kusika nematurusi nokururamisira zvakarurama kuratidza nyika uye kuwana nzvimbo yedu mairi.

Nhasi astrolabe - a Stylish chirangaridzo, inonakidza nokuda nhoroondo yaro uye kujairika ziso-uchibata zvakagadzirwa. Kamwe raiva guru budiriro nezvenyeredzi kuti unobvumira kuti Nenyaya Iyi nzvimbo mitumbi yokudenga pamwe kwenzvimbo, rinenge chete mukana wokunzwisisa apo eumambo gungwa kana renje akarasikirwa mufambi. Uye regai mudziyo anorasikirwa kwazvo dzichipfekeka usakurirwe dzomuzana ayo ano, nguva dzose zvichaita kuva rinokosha kare, nyaya yakafukidzwa kudanana chifukidzo pakavanda, uye naizvozvo angangotadza kurasika kwemazana emakore.