Autotrophs uye heterotrophs: unhu, zvakafanana uye misiyano

On Earth, musha kune mukuru-siyana zvipenyu. Nokuti zvivanakire yavo yokudzidza, vaongorori patsanura zvinenge zvose pamusoro siyana chikonzero. Maererano rudzi zvokudya zvose upenyu rakakamurwa mapoka maviri makuru - autotrophs uye heterotrophs. Uyezve, pane boka mixotrophy - ndivo zvinenge dzakashandisa vose mhando yezvokudya. In ino, tichakurukura zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu mapoka makuru maviri uye tizive chii musiyano kubva autotrophs heterotrophs.

Autotrophs - zvinenge vakazvimiririra synthesizing makemikari nyaya kubva inorganic. In boka iri mimwe mhando utachiona uye zvinenge zvose zvinenge kungova chirimwa umambo. Mumakore ayo upenyu basa autotrophs anoshandisa siyana inorganic zvinhu kupinda kubva kunze (carbon dioxide, senitrogen, rehydrogen sulfide, simbi, etc.), bhasikoro kwavo kwetunhu zvinoitwa kunzwisisa Organic yeimwe (zvikurukuru makabhohaidhiretsi uye mapurotini).

Heterotrophic zvinenge Tidzidze vakagadzirira makemikari nyaya, havakwanisi synthesize yavo. boka iri rinosanganisira howa, mhuka (kusanganisira murume), mamwe mabhakitiriya uye kunyange zvimwe zvirimwa (vamwe parasitic mhuka).

Sezvo tinogona kuona, musiyano mukuru pakati autotrophs heterotrophs ndiyo makemikari yezvakaita muviri zvavanoda. pezvakaitwa siyana, uye hunhu kwesimba ravo. Autotrophic zvinenge vanopedzera simba panguva Kushandurwa inorganic zvinhu kupinda Organic heterotrophs simba kana kwete kushandisa simba. Autotrophs uye heterotrophs vari mapoka mapoka maviri zvichienderana nesimba panobva (mumutsetse wokutanga) uye kubva chikafu substrate aishandiswa chechipiri mhando zvigare.

Pakati autotrophs kusunungura photoautotrophic zvinenge uye chemoautotrophic. Photoautotrophs nokuti transformations vanoshandisa simba chezuva. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mune boka iri zvipenyu anowanikwa yakananga muitiro - photosynthesis (kana muitiro zvakafanana kutaipa izvozvo). Carbon dioxide prevraschetsya mu siyana Organic yeimwe. Chemoautotrophs anoshandisa simba vakawana nezvimwe nemakemikari. boka iri rinosanganisira siyana mabhakitiriya.

Heterotrophic tusingaoneki akakamurwa metatrofy uye paratrofy. Metatrofy somunhu substrate ine makemikari yeimwe kushandisa zvinenge akafa paratrofy - vapenyu.

Autotrophs uye heterotrophs kutora zvimwe zvinzvimbo chuma zvokudya. Autotrophs zvinogara vaburitsi - Ivo kusika Organic zvinhu izvo akazotevera nzira yose cheni. Heterotrophs ndivo murayiro akasiyana ne vatengi (ari mutemo, muna muchikwata ichi vari mhuka) uye decomposers (notumwe, mabhakitiriya). Nemamwe mashoko, autotrophs uye heterotrophs anoumba pakati pavo trophic ukama. Zvinokosha kuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, nokuti nokuda trophic ukama kunze ichitanga zvinhu zvakasikwa.