Avogadro Amedeo ndiye muvambi we molecular theory

Avogadro Amedeo inyanzvi inyanzvi yeItaly physist uye chemistist. Iye ndiye akatanga nheyo yemanyolo. Kuzivikanwa kwakagamuchirwa kwehafu yezana remakore mushure mekufa kwake. Muchikamu chino iwe ucharatidzwa nemashoko mashoma esainzi.

Kudzidza

Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro akaberekerwa muTurin (Italy) muna 1776. Baba vomukomana uyu, Filippo, vakashanda mubazi rezvemitemo. Pose, mhuri yacho yaiva nevana vasere (Amedeo - wechitatu). Muhuduku hwake, Avogadro akapinda chikoro chekuongorora kwefizikiki uye geometry. Asi panguva iyoyo basa racho rakagara nhaka, saka akamanikidzwa kutevera mumakwara ababa vake uye kutora mvumo. Muna 1792, Avogadro akapinda muYunivhesiti yeTurin. Ava nemakore makumi maviri, Amedeo akanga atova nedhigirii muchechi yemhosva. Asi kufarira kwemukomana uyu mufizikiki hakuna kupera, asi kungowedzera. Makore mashanu gare gare akazvipira nguva yake yose yekusununguka kuti azvidzidze.

Scientific activity

Kushanda mundima iyi yakatanga mu Avogadro Amedeo pamwe nekudzidza kwezvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvemagetsi. Muna 1800, kufarira izvi zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa, nokuti Volta akagadzira kutanga kwezvino. Zvakanaka, masayendisiti ose akatevera hurukuro pakati paAlessandro naGalliano pamusoro pemhando yemagetsi. Zvinonzwisisika kuti Amedeo akasarudza kuzvichengeta pachake munharaunda iyi.

Mabasa Avogadro, vakazvipira kumagetsi, vakabuda kusvika muna 1846. Musayendisiti akanga achinyatsodzidza nzvimbo iyi. Asi magetsi haisi iye oga umo Amedeo Avogadro akashanda. Imikemikari ndeyechipiri basa rake. Kutenda kumusayendisiti, chirango chitsva chakasimuka pakusangana kwezvidzidzo zviviri. Yakanga ichinzi electrochemistry. Munharaunda yebasa Avogadro yakabata mabasa evasayendisiti vakakurumbira saBerzelius uye Davy.

Muna 1803 uye muna 1804, Amedeo akaenda kuTurin Academy pamwechete nemukoma wake Felice. Ikoko vakapa mabasa maviri esayenzi akazvipira munyanzvi ye electrochemical uye magetsi matambudziko. Nokuti iyi Avogadro yakasarudzwa nhengo inofambisa iyi yechikoro. Mune basa rokutanga, Amedeo akatsanangura maitiro e dielectrics nevatungamiri mumunda wegetsi, uye akafungawo nezvechiitiko chekutsvaga kwavo. Gare gare, pfungwa dzake dzakashandiswa nemamwe masayendisiti, kunyanya Ampere.

Basa idzva

Muna 1806, Avogadro Amedeo akava mudzidzisi muTurin lyceum, uye makore matatu gare gare akazova mudzidzisi wemasvomhu uye physics, asi mune imwe nzvimbo yezvidzidzo. Nokuda kweizvi, musayendisiti aifanira kutamira kuguta reVercelli. Ikoko, Amedeo akapedza makore gumi. Munguva ino, Avogadro vanoverenga mabhuku akawanda, vachiita zvinyorwa zvakawanda. Haana kurega kuita izvi kusvikira pakuguma kwehupenyu hwake. Nhamba yose yezvitsanangudzo zvaakanyora ndiyo mavhoriyamu makumi manomwe nemazana manomwe ega roga. Maererano nehuwandu hwavo, munhu anogona kuona kuti zvakakosha sei zvinodiwa nesayenzi, uye basa ripi rakakura raakaita muupenyu hwake.

Chivimbiso cheGay-Lussac nheyo

Muna 1808, rimwe, raisati rave rakakurumbira scientist wechiFrench, rakanga richidzidza kugadzirisa pakati pegasi. Zita rake rainzi Gay-Lussac. Munguva yekuedza, akawana kuti maitiro ekuita magasi uye zvigadzirwa zvadzo zvakabatanidzwa sediki shomanana nhamba. Muna 1811, Avogadro akasimbisa maonero ake nehurukuro yake pamusoro pe "Nzira dzekugadzirisa mashoma emakemikari." Mubasa rimwechete, Amedeo akauya kune imwezve mhedziso inokosha. Yakanga yakaita seyiyi: "Mumuviri iwoyo wega gasi, pane nguva dzose nhamba yakafanana yemamolekoro."

Mashoko echirevo

Muna 1814, Amedeo Avogadro, mufananidzo chaiwo weiwo uri mumabhuku ose encyclopedias mufizikiki, akasunungurwa imwe "Nyaya yehuwandu hwemaserolekoro." Mariri, musayendisiti akaumba mutemo, uyo akazonzi zita rake shure kwake: "Pakati pamatemu uye matambudziko, zvakaenzana zviyero zvegaseous zvinhu zvinokwana nhamba yakaenzana yemakemikoro." Amedeo akaudzawo nhamba yeAuggadro. Iyi ndiyo nhamba yemamolekoro mune imwe mole yezvinhu. Uye chiyero ichi chinogara chiripo.

Upenyu hwega

Avogadro Amedeo akaumba mhuri yakanonoka. Akange ava nemakore anenge makumi mana. Muna 1815 musayendisiti akaroora Anna Mazzie. Mudzimai aiva nemakore 18 mudiki pane murume wake. Akaberekera Amedeo wevana vasere. Asi hakuna mumwe wavo akapinda netsoka dzababa vake.

Kudzidzisa

Muna 1820, Avogadro akagadzwa purofesa weYunivhesiti yeTurin paDhipatimendi reHigh Physics. Musayendisiti aiva nemafungiro ake padzidziso yenyaya iyi. Panguva iyoyo, sayenzi yeItaly yaiva pane imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira yekusimudzirwa. Amedeo aida kugadzirisa izvi uye anobatsira nyika yekwake kuti ave nenzvimbo yakakodzera muEurope pane chiratidzo ichi. Nokudaro, chiremba wenyanzvi akarondedzera hurongwa hwakajeka hwekuita. Pfungwa yake huru ndeyekubatanidza zvinhu zvezesayenzi nekudzidzisa.

Asi nekuda kwezviitiko zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvechiuto muItaly, Amedeo haana kukwanisa kushandura hurongwa hwake huri kufambira mberi. Muna 1822 Yunivhesiti yeTurin yakavharwa nehurumende kwegore rese nekuda kwekudzidzira kwevadzidzi. Kunyange zvakadaro, Avogadro haana kurega kuita masayenzi esayenzi. Muna 1823, yunivhesiti yakatangazve basa rayo, uye Amedeo akadzokera kuDhipatimendi reFizikiki. Muna 1832 akaitungamirira uye akashanda pane izvi kune mamwe makore 18.

Makore apfuura

Apo Amedeo akasiya yunivhesiti, akazvigadzika somukuru wepamusoro weChirongwa cheDzimba. Uyewo, Avogadro akanga ari nhengo dzematareji akawanda aive nemabasa aive akabatanidzwa nehuwandu. Pasinei nokukwegura kwake, musayendisiti akapfuurira kuparidzira migumisiro yekutsvakurudza kwake. Akabudisa basa rake rokupedzisira rakadhindwa pazera remakore 77.

Rufu

Amedeo Avogadro, ane biography pfupi yakataurwa pamusoro, akafa muna 1856. Musayendisiti akavigwa muVercelli mumhuri yakachema. Gore rimwe gare gare Yunivhesiti yeTurin yakaisa bhuni rebhuroni raAmedeo mukuremekedzwa kwekucherechedza mabasa ake.