Basques - ndiani ichi? Basco shamisa vanhu

Basques - vanhu vanogara inonzi Basque Country, riri kuchamhembe kweSpain uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweFrance. mavambo ayo - mumwe zvikuru zvakavanzika kwete chete nokuda Europe asi wezvenyika nyika.

Ndivanaani Basques? Kupi vakabvepi? Kana tikaongorora nyaya idzi pamwe citizenship chinzvimbo, mukuru Basques - ndiye Spanish uye French, nokuti vanogara Spain uye France. Asi nei vanhu ava vakataura pamusoro mutauro ichi chinoshamisa, kwete kufanana mumwe mutauro? Sei pamusoro zvemakore zvehondo uye makunakuna Basque budiriro wakachengeta kwayo kuzivikanwa? Hama kuti kupiwa dzinza kuchiri mibvunzo yakawanda kuti vatsvakurudzi achiri havagoni kuwana mhinduro. Nyaya ino achaedza kubata nevaya vari Basques, uye kutaura pamusoro pokurarama nhasi, vapanduki izvi European uye vanozvikudza.

Mabviro ezwi rokuti

Kuti tinzwisise zvinorehwa neshoko "Basque", unofanira kutarisa nhoroondo. Shoko iri rinobva muchiLatin Vasco - atumidzwa Vasconi yekare, uyo akararama pre-Roman uye nguva Roman mundima apo Basques Spanish vava kurarama. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chete vanhu vanobatanidzwa Genesi yavo. Madzitateguru Basque vaiva Aquitani uye, zvichida, Cantabria, saka kuti ikozvino vanogona kuonekwa chinokosha mutauro wakada kusabatana.

mavambo

Zvidzidzo Genetic makasimbisa kusiyana vanhu pamberi pedu. Basques - vanhu vane ropa riri kumusoro pakati vokuEurope zvose kuwanda kwezvinhu rhesus negative (25 muzana) uye rimwe chemhando zvikamu zviduku zveropa chokuita norudzi D (55 muzana). Pane unopinza chaizvo nemagene kusiyana pakati nhengo dzeboka iri dzinza uye mamwe marudzi, kunyanya muSpain. Naizvozvo, munhu anogona asiri kutaura kuti Basques - ichi Catalans.

List versioner nezvekwakabva risingazivikanwi vanhu rakafara chaizvo. Pane imwe nguva ndakati vakakurukura pfungwa yokuti Basques - ndiro vokuArmenia. Akabva pfungwa kuti - Georgians yekare uyo kubva munharaunda ano Georgia haana kubvira panguva yakare akawanda akatamira katsi Peninsula.

Cro-Magnon murume pakati pedu?

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shanduro kuti Basques vazukuru vokuArmenia kana Georgians vanochengeta mikana provability, asi masayendisiti akawanda vanobvumirana kuti zvemo vanhu venyika Europe, riri wakaburuka zvakananga kubva Cro-Magnon, mumwe 35 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, akasvika European ivhu kubva Africa ugarepo.

Cro-Magnon murume zvichida haana kubatanidzwa chero Zvakazoitwa yokutama dzavanhu, nekuti vanochera matongo havana kuwana uchapupu kutaura nevanhu shanduko munzvimbo iyi nguva dzose, kusvikira kuuya nevaRoma. Naizvozvo vanhu vose vakanga nhasi vanozviti vokuEurope, tichienzanisa Basques dzakarurama vana. Zvinoshamisa handizvo?

Eskuara

Basques True - avo kubva pakuberekwa mutauro rine zita "eskuara". zvino vanhu ava kuverenga vanenge miriyoni imwe, izvo vanopfuura zviuru mazana masere vanhu vanogara Spain, vanopfuura zana zviuru - muFrance, uye vamwe - muUnited States uye muLatin America.

Chakavanzika eskuara nyanzvi dzemitauro vanotsvaka kugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Vamwe vaongorori hypothesize kuti kuvabereki mutauro Basque ibereyskim chokuita mutauro, iyo zvino aenda; vamwe havatsigiri pfungwa iyi, asi nokuvaka shanduro eskuara pahwaro of Afro-asiatic akaberekwa kubvuma kuti madzitateguru pakati Basques vaiva vaJudha. Saka, muna 1900, nyika akaona bhuku naJ Espanyol, ari abbot French, umo akataura kwakabva risingazivikanwi vanhu Spartan colonists, akanga Midzi vechiJudha.

The vanhu - mutauro

Panguva iyoyo, ndakaedza intertwine eskuara uyewo Arabic, uye ipapo - vokuJapan, kwete nguva saka kare, paiva zvokufungidzira kuti mutauro Basque kwakabatana mitauro yacho anongofamba madzinza vaigara West Africa. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose hypotheses havana yasimbiswa. Recently French nyanzvi dzemitauro vakaperekedza mumwe kudzidza uye akaratidza kuti eskuara chinhu zvionera mutauro uye zviuru masere, kubvira Paleolithic, yakatanga tisingatungamirirwi. Uyu-of-ane mhando pre-Roman mutauro European, izvo kubva pakadzika zvemakore yasvika nguva yedu.

Mararamiro

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Basques - risingazivikanwi vanhu vanogara kunyanya munharaunda dzenyika mbiri - Spain uye France. Mugore French Basque enyika, dzimba dzose dziri chena uye ane emapuranga zvinhu tsvuku. The Tsika maumbirwo ibwe zvakachengetedzwa chete makomo. Kazhinji, ivo Basques vari chaizvo kuziva tsika. Uye mumaguta nemisha vari - nevaduku - kutamba pelota, ronga nzombe makwikwi, zvaipfekwa pamisoro nomukurumbira berets. Izvi rudzi duku nemamwe madzinza ani.

Yezvakaita Basques

Basques - zvisinei kuzivikanwa kwavo - akafanana nevamwe vagari Iberian Peninsula usingagoni kuguta penchant zvokungonakidzwa. Zvisinei, pamwe ichi vari zvakare hasha kwazvo. Asi kana wakafara nemafungiro, kana manzwiro regai kuvatadzisa akanamatira ateteguru mararamiro. Izvi zvinoshandawo kunyanya kune Basques, vanogara kure maindasitiri nzvimbo. Vagere munzvimbo gomo chaizvo zvokunamata (vazhinji vavo - Orthodox vaKaturike) uye kutungamirira yatisingaonekwi upenyu.

kicheni

Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa muEurope anonzi kuva Basque chili, uye hazvisi kushandisa michina Recipes, asi kuti rudzi urwu rokusika ndiro vakawanda anoshandisa chete matsva zvigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, apo ripen michero uye miriwo, asi Basques kuzvidya; kana regwai, mudye nyama. Pickling, salting, kuoma nechando - izvi zvose uye zvimwe blanks dzakafanana hadzina kubviswa rudzi urwu. Basques kushandisa zvekudya yakabikwa kana steamed, ivo vanenge havadyi fried zvokudya, uye havashandisi inonhuhwira. The yakakurumbira dhishi - kodhi chena muto uye ine muto Pike zvimbi. Basques kufanana howa, truffles, mupunga, hove. Vanoita ose zvokuseredzera vane nzungu, michero, michero uye mukaka. rudzi urwu unobereka chizi akanaka uye waini.

mbatya

Very kwezvokufuka tarisa zvokupfeka Basques. Female une akasvibirira zvitema kana siketi rwedenga uye dema pfupi bhachi yakashongedzwa resi uye kupenyerera Appliques. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira zvokuvakisa nemapfekero ichi - ndiwo vherevheti uye chintz. Evanhu suit rakamanikana rutema kana nebhurukwa, dema masokisi, nebhanire chete ruvara, rima nguvo uye bhachi ganda kana gobvu zvinyama pamwe kupenyerera mabhatani.

Kuti apukunyuke mimwe yacho Basque zvipfeko chomuzana mukupera Middle Ages (zana remakore rechi16). Raiva jasi gwai, zvinonyadzisa neshinda vasonanidza panhivi uye aiva cutout musoro.

Zvisaririra nhoroondo

Kuedza kugovera nharaunda yaigarwa Basques ndeyemunguva wetanhatu emakore rorusere. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, nyika iri kumativi maviri ichindosvika kuPyrenees, vaiva ne England, Aquitania, Spain, France. Uye nguva dzose varidzi vaida muchamanikidza zvakakwana kuti "kuiparadza" risingazivikanwi vanhu. Pakupedzisira Basque changamire yachinja dzomunharaunda kuzvionera nokuti emakore anopfuura mashanu Basques muFrance uye Spain vane chinzvimbo chinokosha uye ropafadzo mitero, zvokutengeserana, uye basa rechiuto.

zvokudya zvose izvi huri chinyakare mitemo, iro rinozivikanwa so "fueros". Maguta ose, kumaruwa, misha, mataundi aiva fueros yavo, asi pakupera rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, Basque hurumende masangano akanga yakaguma, private fueros vakaparadzwa nenharaunda dzakanga dziri Spanish ezvinhu uye kuva chikamu yaiona uye zviri pamutemo hurongwa muSpain.

Kubva panguva iyoyo paiva risingadzime, kutsamwa, kuramba uye udyire chokuva yoga Basque mamiriro.

Rusununguko-rudo uye vanozvikudza

Pashure kuchaitwa muna 1937 pamusoro Basque kuzvionera paiva kwebasa vanhu National kuzvisarudzira. Mune mashanu remakore rechimakumi maviri, gandanga sangano "Euskadi Ta Askatasuna" (- IZVI rakashandurwa "Kumusha uye Rusununguko", nokuti pfupi) yakatangwa. Kwemakore makumi mashanu, nokurwisa kunze napo akafa mukati 800 vanhu.

Recently ichi, achitevera Irish mwero, akazivisa kugumiswa nemagandanga basa. Asi kwenguva yakareba sei? Uyewo, bhajeti iri Basque kutya kwaisanganisira zvinopfuura miriyoni gumi euros ... Chokwadi, ndinoda kuti tariro uye vanodavira kuti zvakanaka. Kunyange Basques, kunyange vaya vanogara munharaunda dziri kure, taneta kuva nomukurumbira irrepressible, kuramba uye ropa avo Zvinotaurwa vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, havasi kufanana ...