Black Chipiri. Precipitous kuwa Ruble kuzorwa dhora 11 October 1994

Kutarisa kuramba akasvetuka ari Ruble pachinhu yokumwe mari, vagari vazhinji kukanganwa kuti mananara yakafanana wavakamborara kare kutsungirira. Kunyange nyika pamwe kugadzikana kwoupfumi mhoteredzo kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kwakaderera reNational mari. Izvi zvinoitika kazhinji chete inoti, izvo haana vakaumba simba mari maitiro uye hakuna ruzivo netsika hurumende kudzivisa zvichibvira pokuwa currency uye kubviswa nezvemigumisiro tsaona yakadaro.

Recent nezvemaitiro upfumi munyika anoratidza kuti Russia zvakafanira akanyatsosiyana kushandura Vector waro zvoupfumi basa. Kuramba tichishanda mari dambudziko rapera, imwe chakakomba zvikuru kukanganisa ose mugari wenyika pane pfupi-rokuti pokuwa Ruble muna 1994, iyo nezvoupfumi uye vezvenhau ndokuteerera rinonzi "Black Chipiri." ipapo uye chii chakaitika sei kudzivisa matambudziko zvakafanana mune ramangwana?

The dhora Gengi - ichi zvakakosha?

Kutsiga National mari kuti zvokunze macroeconomic zvinhu, uyewo enyika, mamiriro ezvinhu zvoupfumi munyika - chiyero chayo kukura. Kunyange dhenari * pakutanga kuaona kusiyana kosi kunogona kukonzera zvakaipa kuti hurumende bhajeti, uye tisingatauri madonhwe hombe.

Nepo zviduku nokufamba chete vokubhengi uye nezvoupfumi pabhokisi mari pamusika, kufambira nokuparara haigoni kubatsira asi cherechedza zvavo vomunyika. Uye zvinoratidza kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vanacho hunodzorwa kutya. Mukuedza kutengesa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira desheveyuschuyu wokumwe mari kana ndiEzekieri, kutenga zvimwe chishoma chinokosha, vanhu vari kunyanya kutowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu. Black Chipiri muna 1994 akaratidza kutya iri muvanhu. All vakamhanyira kuna Exchange dzemapazi nemabhangi, pane kunge chava kuvapo munyika mari maitiro uye akamanikidzira hurumende kushandisa zviyero zvakanyanyisa.

Nhoroondo Ruble anowira

Munguva pfupi paumbwe Russian Federation sezvo hurumende munyika akanga kuenda kuburikidza nematambudziko akawanda zvemari uye kunyange default. Black Chipiri muna 1994 - ndiye muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikuru, asi akanga pakurukurwa akawanda zvimwe National mari collapses. kokutanga kuti Ruble kwokuputsika zvakaitika kwezana paumbwe hurumende muna 1992. Panguva iyoyo vari Power yaiva kusimba akaoma ezvoupfumi ezvinhu, izvo zvakaita kuti yakadaro inosuruvarisa chiitiko Russia vose vaigaramo. Kazhinji, nyanzvi kuziva zvinotevera kunaka nguva:

• September 26, 1992. The Ruble akarasikirwa 35,5 inokwana zviyero (original mutengo - 205,5 rubles).
• January 26, 1993. Mutsva "Chipiri dema" yakaitika mwedzi mina pashure uye kwaita kuti munhu depreciation National mari 75 rubles (sezviri 15%).
• A mutsva dambudziko haana kupa nyika nguva wokugadzirisa - February 2nd nzira vouchers akadonhedza gore iroro, vanamazvikokota vakawanda vakawana zvichibatsira vamwe vanhu vari mudunhu midziyo. It nharo kuti panguva iyoyo pakanga akoromoke chiedza pakukurukura vane chekuita.
• October 11, 1994. Nyika iri kutambura kubva kwemabasa, urombo uye ngozi pasi nemararamiro, izvozvo vatambure zvikuru nomukurumbira Chipiri dema.
• Zvichitevera pokuwa hurumende kumirira 4 kwemakore. Muzhizha 1998, vatorwa mari yakawedzera 10%.
• Makore 10 gare gare, September 16, 2008, vanoswerera yose dambudziko kwakaitwa Russia. Akatanga ndiponesezve upfumi uye rwezvemabhengi gadziriro, ichiidzwa kwazvo nokuda mukurumari.
• The uno panguva, asi hapana zvisinganyanyi kukosha ndiyo precipitous kuwa Ruble muna 2014 (16 December). Migumisiro ayo akanzwa nhasi. Return zvazvingava kuti kare waivako hazvibviri kuzviremera, pasinei nezvakafanotaurwa uye zvipikirwa.

Black zuva iri pakarenda - kuparara kana kutanga upenyu hutsva?

Vezvenhau Western vaimudana Black Friday October 25, 1929. Chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga Kuderera Kukuru muUnited States. Nakisisa zvakadzama dambudziko yacho America haana chete kuva chinokonzera kuparadzwa kana urombo vamwe zvikamu vokuparidzira, asi anokonzerawo yakanyanya kurega kunotanga ari upfumi. chaizvoizvo vanhu dzakasara chinhu, urovha, uye nzara wakatsamwisa kuzviuraya vakawanda uye kwakawedzera mhosva.

Asi panguva imwecheteyo, zviremera dzakamanikidzwa kuita, isu vakakwanisa kukurira refu uye rakadzika dambudziko uye kuunza nyika kubva Chipangamazano chaVa. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti pasina zvinosuwisa kuUnited States vasingagoni mumakore iwayo kuti vabudirire zvabuda kuti ndakaita nyika rimwe vatungamiriri munyika tichitarisa upenyu uye utano vemunyika.

Chii chakaitika musi October 11?

Black Chipiri muna 1994 anonzi rimwe rinonyatsooneka uye pamwero mukuru zviitiko munhoroondo reRussia zvemari hurongwa. Pazuva iroro, October 11, 1994, inoti iri Ruble pamusoro interbank zvokutengeserana akauya pasi nehasha. Kugadzikana uye nguva dzose desheveyuschaya National mari muzuva rimwe chete yakadhirika. The Ruble pamusoro dhora yachinja kubva 3081 kusvika 3926 rubles.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti chiitiko ichi chakaitika pakarepo. Uye sezvo pakarepo chakakuita akagadzikana, uye Ruble kunyange chaizvo zvinoverengeka zvinzvimbo tichienzanisa kurwara-fated Chipiri. Kazhinji, ari chiitiko njodzi dzakadaro zviremera sei vakanaka simba, machinda kashoma kuti kutora pachake basa chii chakaitika. Asi chokwadi chokuti Black Chipiri muna 1994 zvikuru waiva mugumisiro kuregeredza uye kunyaya vamwe vezvematongerwo, vakamanikidza hurumende kutora zvikuru matanho.

Armchairs ipapo reeled pasi vazhinji: vakarasikirwa nemabasa avo musoro Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko uye ipapo musoro Bazi Finance Sergei Dubinin. Ichi chiratidzo pamusoro chikamu hurumende yakanga nani zvomuenzaniso uye INDICATIVE, tikashumira senzira Anyarara nokuchiva zvichiitika munzanga.

nyanzvi uchapupu

Maererano pamutemo gwaro, iyo pasi kushandiswa nyanzvi kubva minda upfumi uye mari, chikonzero chokuti Ruble kuzorwa dhora akatambura vachinje kwakadaro, pamwe kure kwete zvakanaka divi, zvakanga nemazvo uye uncoordinated zviito zvevanhu. Vazhinji panguva vaiva nechokwadi kuti zvinhu kwave aronga uye dzinofambiswa pedyo vane chekuita. Kusvika pamwero wakati, dzidziso iyi zvinosimbisa kuti nokukurumidza vakakwanisa kudzikamisa. Asi nemigumisiro pokuwa kukurira nokukurumidza, nhamo, vakakundikana.

Nokutya ari muvanhu

Chokutanga, muna 1994 mu Russia, Chokwadi, ndinoyeuka vatema Chipiri, asi naiyewo akava aikosha uye yakachinja, apo hurumende akakwanisa sipidhi mitengo, nemhaka chibvumirano pakati vamiririri anoverengeka anokosha zvoupfumi sectors: simbi, marasha, mafuta. Mukuwedzera, indasitiri rave kuita chando mutengo zvigadzirwa zvavo.

Pashure nezvezviitiko October 11 Wholesale uye chitoro maketani yekudyidzana akamutsa mutengo nhumbi. Uye kunyange zvazvo mwero akakurumidza kudzokera yapfuura nhanho, mari inokosha zvokudya, zvipfeko nezvimwewo akakurumbira zvinhu zvisina kwakadonha kuti yapfuura nhanho. Chimwe chinhu chokuva nehanya munzanga kwaiva kungoitira mari kwema uye kuti sungisa kutonga riparadzirwe dzimwe mari munyika, zvakazoita kakawanda mari zvokufungidzira.

Pokuwa rwezvemabhengi hurongwa

Kwakabva Institute of rwezvemabhengi gadziriro chete chete kutanga muna nineties. Large masangano zvemari nezvinhu nouchapupu zvinhu zvakanga zvakakwana diki. Tingatii pamusoro mabhanga, vane hombe wokumwe Exchange reserves zvakasikwa. In mashoma mazuva kuwa National mari kukosha vanhu vakarasikirwa kutendeseka kwavo zvachose. Uye chikonzero ichi chaiwo Chipiri vatema. The dhora Kubvira zvakurukurwa chikuru nzira nekuchengeta pachedu mumari vagari vazhinji.

In dzino dzinotambudza, kana mwero iri isina, vagari ruchigona kutenga musana sezvo zvikuru vatorwa mari sezvinobvira, riri zvakaitika muna 1994. Izvi hazvina zvakakonzera zvakananga uye pfupi-migumisiro yenguva, uye vane nguva refu nomugumisiro. mabhanga Vakawanda vakaneta reserves dzavo, vakanga vasingakwanisi abhadhare depositors mubereko uye nguva kudzokera zvikwereti kune vanhu. Vamwe vavo kunyange akaenda zvachose.

In chii mari kuchengeta mari dzavo?

Kubva pamazuva 90s vanhu vaishandisa kuvimba dzimwe mari yakawanda. Makore achangopfuura, ari Ruble akaramba zvakanaka kugadzikana. Hapana presaged vachinje zvikuru upfumi uye mari nemauto, asi kubva pakupera 2014, Ruble zvakare nokuputsa antirecord zvose. Kwenguva pfupi (makore pfuurei rimwe nehafu) akarasikirwa zvinopfuura hafu kukosha kwayo. zvizhinji muri chiedza zviitiko izvi mubvunzo sei kuchengeta nemari uye kusiya chinhu.

Noruzivo nevaichinja zvemari vanobvuma kuti munyika ino hapana zirokwazvo kugadzikana uye hwakavimbika. Foreign Exchange ichi ndezvechokwadi zvikurukuru. Vari zano haana kuchengeta mari zvose muna imwe mari. Best kutenga zvakasiyana, asi kubva mazita kupfuura yakatsiga uye zvinovimbisa. Izvi zvichakubatsira kana musingadi uwande upfumi, kana kuidya.

Ko vokuRussia vanonzi insured pamusoro nemigumisiro pokuwa Ruble?

Zvinosuruvarisa Black Chipiri muRussia kuti zvikasaitika kuti kazhinji, asi pamwe enviable kakawanda. Constant mari collapses vava chikamu nhoroondo enhoroondo munyika. Uye nguva imwe neimwe, vakawanda vacho anotambura. Chero kwakaderera ari Ruble Gengi kukanganisa kuri zvakanaka vagari, apo nemabhengi vakuru vanokwanisa kuwana mabhiriyoni pamusoro dzimwe mari kwema.

Recent mwedzi, musimboti bhengi evinces chivimbo kuti zvinhu pamwe chinotevera kuwa Ruble akakwanisa kudzikamisa, asi kutsutsumwa vemamwe mari anokwereta, achifumira mitengo uye chinokosha impoverishment wavaduku akadzivirira zvikamu vemo havatsigiri ichi kuona vakuru.