Chii chinonzi Diesel? Musimboti oparesheni, mudziyo uye michina zvechadenga Diesel injini

Diesel injini chaizvo nevakawanda mutakurwi motokari. Vazhinji mhando vane nzira runenge imwe injini siyana. Uye ichi haibatanidzi marori, mabhazi uye midziyo kuvakwa, umo vari kushandiswa kwose kwose. Uyezve kutofunga kuti Diesel injini yakadaro, magadzirirwo, anodawo misimboti, unhu.

tsananguro

muchina uyu reciprocating womukati injini, kushanda iyo inobva vaizviona kuvesa of atomized mafuta kubva kudziyisa kana compression.

patani Features

The peturu Injini ane chete STRUCTURAL zvinhu sezvo Diesel injini. Scheme kunopindirana oparesheni kuri yakafanana. Musiyano iri paumbwe mafuta muvhenganiswa yayo combustion. Uyezve, Diesel injini zvakawanda yakasimba nhengo. Izvi zvakakonzera pamusoro kaviri yepamusoro compression reshiyo kupfuura peturu injini (19-24 vs. 9-11).

kupatsanura

By combustion mukamuri chivako Diesel injini iri dziya embodiments ane yoga combustion kamuri uye zvakananga jekiseni.

Muchiitiko chokutanga, kuti combustion mukamuri anosiiwa humburumbira uye chiteshi chokuita nazvo. Kana vachipinda compression mukamuri vortex-mhando mhepo swirls anovandudza muvhenganiswa inotungamirwa uye vaingoerekana combustion, iyo inotanga uye anopfuurira imomo huru yomukati. Diesel michina iyi mhando kare kuratidzirwa mutakurwi kumotokari nokuti kuti akasiyana pasi ruzha uye hombe siyana nokumukirana kubva embodiments inokurukurwa hereinafter.

In Diesel injini ine zvakananga mafuta jekiseni combustion mukamuri riri pisitoni, uye mafuta ari kusvitsa kune overpiston nzvimbo. zvakagadzirwa ichi pakutanga kushandiswa uri pasi-nokukurumidza mukuru mavhoriyumu injini. Vane refu azvipire ruzha uye vibration, uye vakaderera mafuta rinodyiwa. Gare gare, pamwe veMubatanidzwa yakakwirira kumanikidzwa huni pombi pamwe zvemagetsi kuzvidzora uye Optimization pamusoro combustion kwacho, vagadziri hwapedza yakatsiga kushanda pane zvakawanda kusvika 4500 RPM. / Min. Kunze yakawedzera kunyatsoshanda, akaderedza ruzha uye vibration mumatunhu. Pakati matanho kuderedza kwekuoma kwebasa - a Multi predvprysk. With injini ichi kwakadai yakagamuchirwa mumakore maviri adarika, kwakapararira.

By nheyo kushanda rakakamurwa mana sitiroko Diesel injini uye vaviri-sitiroko, uyewo peturu injini. zvinhu zvavo zvinokurukurwa pazasi.

musimboti oparesheni

Kuti tinzwisise zviri uye chii Diesel nokuda kwayo dzichipfekeka features, zvakakodzera kufunga musimboti kushanda. kupatsanura pisitoni rekambani injini kwakavakirwa apa uwandu zvinogara zvaisanganisira rwekuita kutenderera, icho voga nokukura imwe crank angled.

Saka, vana-sitiroko injini vanoshanda kutenderera unotora 4 maitikiro.

• Inlet. It apo crankshaft iri zvayaitenderera paguyo kubva 0 kusvika 180 °. Mhepo ichipfuura humburumbira yakazaruka pa 345-355 ° Inlet vharafu. Panguva imwe chete panguva vachishandisa kutenderera crankshaft pa 10-15 ° rakavhurika nzira yokubudisa vharafu, anonzi bindepinde.
• Compression. The pisitoni zvinokambaira mudenga panguva 180-360 °, izvozvo anorumanya mhepo kusvika 16-25 nguva (compression) uye Inlet vharuvhu kuvharwa patangira kutenderera (pa 190-210 °).
• Kurohwa, kuwedzera. It ndepana 360-540 °. Pakutanga kutenderera ari pisitoni asati zvasvika pamusoro akafa pakati, huni ari kusvitsa kune mhepo inopisa uye dzakaparira. Ichi rutivi Diesel michini, izvo chinosiyanisa kubva peturu, uko kuvesa nguva. Kusunungurwa panguva combustion ichi zvigadzirwa kuvaparadzanisa pisitoni pasi. Panguva ino, iyo combustion nguva akaenzana ayo mafuta wedzerai kamwene uye rinovapo vasisiri kupfuura nguva rwekuita sitiroko. Kureva, kana kushanda kwacho gasi nevamwe kugara, mauri Diesel injini vava torque. Chimwe chinokosha injini izvi ndizvo kudiwa zvakawandisa mhepo iri humburumbira nekuti murazvo anopindura chikamu chiduku zviri combustion yomukati. Kureva zvakasiyana inorwara huni-mhepo nezvakasanganiswa.
• Release. At 540-720 ° crank kuzarura chiutsi vharuvhu pisitoni, kutamira kumusoro, displaces kuti chiutsi magasi.

Two-Kurohwa kutenderera akasiyana mapfupi maitikiro uye yunifomu muitiro gasi mukutsinhana ari humburumbira (Kuchenesa) kuitika pakati nevanga magumo uye kutanga compression. Kana pisitoni inofamba pasi combustion zvigadzirwa vanobviswa kuburikidza vent kana mahwindo (mu humburumbira pamadziro). Gare gare rakavhurika Inlet zvengarava kuti manyoro mhepo yaunodya. Kana pisitoni rinobuda, zvose mahwindo dzakavharika uye compression kunotanga. Zvishoma usati richisvika TDC mafuta ari jekiseni uye dzakaparira, kukura inotanga.

Nokuda kunzwisisa nokupa Kuchenesa pamusoro vortex kamuri maviri-sitiroko injini vari zvakananga-jekiseni chete.

Chokupika injini akadaro 1.6-1.7 nguva dzakakwirira kupfuura Diesel mhando ina neronda unhu. kukura kwayo nokusingaperi kunosimbiswa kaviri kakawanda muviri Kurohwa asi zvishoma wakaderedzwa nokuda kwavo kukura maduku uye achinatsa. zvichinyanya kushanda pakuparwa hazvibviri kuwedzera rotational kakawanda nokuda maviri sitiroko kutenderera kaviri nhamba kurohwa kushanda.

The chikuru dambudziko Motors izvi iri kuvhuvhuta nokuda kwayo pfupi nguva, kuti hazvigoni ndanyarara hangu pasina vachibayira kunyatsoshanda kuburikidza vachigurisira nevanga. Uyezve, hazvibviri kuti zviparadzanise chiutsi uye mhepo yakachena, ndokusaka chikamu yokupedzisira yabviswa kubva chiutsi magasi. dambudziko iri rinogona kugadziriswa nokupa riini chiutsi zvengarava. Panyaya iyi, kuti magasi vanotanga kubvisa avabvisa, uye pashure nokuvhara kusunungurwa humburumbira vaisanganisa pamwe mhepo yakachena.

Kunze kushandisa rimwe humburumbira kuomerwa synchronism pamwe buri / kuvhara mahwindo, saka pane Motors (PDP) umo mumwe humburumbira ane pistons maviri uchifamba mundege imwe. Mumwe wavo anodzora Inlet, mumwe - vasunungurwe.

Maererano mashandiro ari achinatsa akakamurwa kuva yakachekwa (hwindo) uye vharuvhu-mutswe. Muchiitiko chokutanga, mahwindo uye inlets uye nehoro. Kusarudza yechipiri inosanganisira kushandisa kwavari inlets kuti kusunungurwa uye ndipiyona vharafu ari humburumbira musoro.

Kazhinji, vaviri-sitiroko Diesel injini inoshandiswa rinorema motokari zvakadai zvikepe, locomotives, matangi.

mafuta hurongwa

Mafuta zvokushandisa Diesel injini vari zvikuru kunzwisisa kupfuura peturu. Izvi imhaka yakakwirira zvinodiwa kuti zvakarurama munguva kukurukura nguva peturu, uwandu uye kumanikidzwa. Huru mafuta hurongwa zvinoriumba - the jekiseni pombi, injectors, firita.

Zvinowanzoshandiswa mafuta wedzerai ezvinhu ane kombiyuta dzinodzorwa (Common-Rail). It raanozvibaya migove yayo miviri. Wokutanga rawo duku, iyo inoshanda kurera tembiricha iri combustion mukamuri (predvprysk), izvo zvinoderedza ruzha uye vibration. Uyezve, chirongwa kunowedzera yakaderera kumhanya torque kubudikidza 25%, zvinoderedza huni kudyiwa ne 20% uye chin'ai tigutsikane mune chiutsi magasi.

turbocharging

On Diesel injini zvinowanzoshandiswa turbine. Izvi imhaka dzakanga (1.5-2) nguva kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu chiutsi magasi iyo usununguke zvako turbine kuti haambotauri turboyamy, kuona supercharging panguva yakaderera nokukurumidza.

chando kutanga

Unogona kuwana wongororo dzakawanda kuti yakaderera tembiricha hakurevi tatanga Diesel. Kuoma kunzwisisa injini izvi kumhanya chando ezvinhu nokuti izvi zvinoda simba rakawanda. Kuti zviite muitiro, izvo wakabatanidzwa pamwe kutanga preheater. Kombiyuta anomiririrwa sokupenya chivhariso yakarongwa combustion yamakamuri, kana kuvesa iri kushandisa preheated mhepo mavari uye vachiri kushanda mukati 15-25 masekonzi pashure kanda kuitira kutsiga injini nechando. Nokuda Diesel ichi injini infest pa tembiricha -30 ...- 25 ° C.

basa Features

Kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti hurefu hwokushanda zvinokosha kuziva chii Diesel uye sei kushumira nayo. The vade Kupararira injini ichi zvichienzaniswa peturu rinotsanagurwa kusanganisira kupfuura kunzwisisa basa.

Izvi anorondedzera zvikurukuru mupopotedzane dzakakwirira kunzwisisa hurongwa. Nokuda Diesel ichi injini vari nehanya chaizvo mvura zviri mafuta uye zvemaziso nezvimedu aro kugadzira zvinodhura, sezvo muinjini rose kuchienzaniswa aine peturu zvakafanana chechetere.

Kana ari turbine ndeyakewo yakakwirira yaanoti unhu mafuta injini. upenyu wayo yemanyorero 150 zviuru. Km, uye mutengo zvakakwirira.

Chero zvazvingava, mafuta Diesel injini inofanira kushandurwa kakawanda kupfuura peturu (2 nguva nemitemo European).

Sezvambotaurwa, Motors ava vakasangana nezvinetso chando kutanga kana panguva yakaderera tembiricha asingagamuchiri tatanga Diesel. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, izvi imhaka kushandisa kukodzera mafuta (zvichienderana nguva injini dzakadaro kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zvidzidzo, sezvo rinoponesa huni yaita chando yakaderera tembiricha).

mutambo

Uyezve, vakawanda havadi, zvakadai somunhu Diesel injini, duku simba uye kuwanda uchishandisa akurumidze, wakakwirira pamwero ruzha uye vibration.

The peturu Injini rinowanzova chaizvoizvo runopfuura vaita, kusanganisira fő vanokwanisa, rakafanana Diesel. Injini yacho mhando munyaya iyi ine LEVEL uye purogiramu torque. Inosimudzira compression reshiyo, ichipa zvakawanda torque, kumanikidza munhu Kunogara nhengo. Sezvo vari kwakanyanya, simba ipfupi. Uyezve, ichi chinobata uremu injini, uye saka motokari.

A duku-siyana anodawo nokumukirana akatsanangura refu kuvesa peturu, apo pane mukuru aimhanya, hakuna nguva kupisa panze.

The wakawedzera ruzha uye vibration kunokonzera rakapinza kuwedzera nevamwe humburumbira pamusoro kuvesa.

The chikuru zvakanakira Diesel injini funga yepamusorosoro mukuru-torque, mari uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari.

High-torque, kureva, yakakwirira torque yakaderera kumhanya nokuda combustion peturu sezvo jekiseni. Izvi zvinopa mukuru Kugamuchira uye hwezvekukurukurirana kushandiswa zvinobudirira simba.

Kunyatsoshanda nokuda nevasina yakaderera kuyerera mwero, uye ari kuti ari Diesel chinotsva iri isingadhuri. Uyezve, zvinoita kuti kurishandisa somunhu pasi-giredhi inorema mafuta nokuda kushaya kwokuoma zvinodiwa volatility. A zvairema kupfuura mafuta, ari kumusoro injini kunyatsoshanda. Pakupedzisira, Diesel injini anoshanda dzakaonda wemisanganiswa tichienzanisa peturu injini uye yakakwirira compression reshiyo. Ekupedzisira inopa kurasikirwa maduku kupisa kubva chiutsi magasi, kuti tibudirire. nezviyero zvose izvi kuderedza mafuta rinodyiwa. Diesel, nekuti izvi, anopedzera 30-40% shoma.

Zvakatipoteredza noushamwari Diesel injini nokuti chiutsi magasi zvavo yepazasi zviri carbon monoxide. Izvi zvakabatsira nokushandisa yakagozha yokunatsa hurongwa, saka kuti zvino peturu injini asangana zvakafanana nemitemo kwezvakatipoteredza sezvo Diesel. Injini yacho mhando kare yekudyidzana muduku peturu panyaya iyi.

kunyoresa

Sezvo zviri pachena kubva chokwadi kuti Diesel uye chii ayo maitiro, Motors kwakadaro yakanakisisa akakodzera kune zviitiko apo kumusoro amusunga yakaderera revs. Naizvozvo, ivo kushongedza mabhazi anenge zvose, marori uye midziyo kuvakwa. Pamusoro Motokari private, kusanganisira parameters kwakadaro kukosha ive SUV. Nokuda mukuru kunyatsoshanda pamusoro Motors izvi uye vakagadzirira pamwe dzomumaguta womuenzaniso. Uyewo, ivo yamunenge kushanda ezvinhu akadaro. Test Zvifambiso pamusoro Diesel anopupurira ichi.