Chii coking zimbe uye apo rinoshandiswa

Kuwedzera mitengo mafuta uye kutsvaka nzira zvinyorwa simba kwete chete kwakaita kuti pave michina mitsva, asi kuteerera vamwe, hapana zvishoma zvinobatsira mbishi zvinhu - marasha. Chinonyanya kukosha indasitiri iri coking marasha. Chii kukosha kwayo uye apo anogadzirwa - wakarongwa munyaya ino.

Chii coking marasha

marasha ichi, kubva izvo zviri zvinhu zviri coking chemubhotoro kugamuchira mumwe simba uye kukura. Rinomirira kukosha zvikuru bhizimisi uye anova kudiwa simba mumaindasitiri zhinji. Saka, coking zimbe sezvo huru mafuta yakashandiswa steelmaking uye simba.

Coking namazimbe vakasiyana nevamwe mazimbe iine kutama kuti mapurasitiki ezvinhu uye kuti sinter pamusoro kugara yakakwirira tembiricha pasina oxygen.

Zvinoumba coking marasha

Coking marasha ari kuramba chimiro uye unfortified dzinoratidzwa pasi padurunhuru kugutsikana (asingasviki 10%), munhu pasi zviri kugadzikana zvinoriumba (15 kusvika 37%) nesarufa (asingasviki 3.5%). Ichienzaniswa nedzimwe mhando marasha, coking anopisa vane matunhu combustion tembiricha uye dzinoratidzwa yakaderera kugutsikana nouipi. Nhamba yenhengo dzakasiyana zvinhu marasha deposits zvingasiyana zvishoma. Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti funga mu nedanho coking. Saka, chaizvoizvo pakutsvaga sezvamunoita kwayo, coking, sintering maitiro uye zvimwe zviratidzo kuti kubudiswa marasha. On nyika yaimbova Soviet Union kuti coking marasha akashandisa mhando iyi:

• By - chemubhotoro.
• F - mafuta.
• G - gasi.
• Os - otoschenno-caking.
• SS - silnospekayuschiesya.

coking urongwa

Under aireva coking muitiro rokutendeutsa marasha kuti chemubhotoro. Inoitwa mumatanho anoverengeka. Pakutanga Danho kugadzirwa marasha coking. Mined marasha ari zvakohwewa uye dzinoumba anokosha sanganisa - sanganisa. At danho rinotevera chiitwe coking. It unowanikwa chaiyo Makamuri chemubhotoro muchoto gasi uchishandisa kudziyisa. Akagadzirira mutariri mukavaisa sechoto kwemaawa 15 apo dzose nguva rinoitwa kukwidza tembiricha kuti 1000 ° C. Somugumisiro izvi zviri kuwanikwa "chemubhotoro keke."

Coking michina muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, zvakawanda zvachinja, izvo akabvumira kukura marasha deposits matsva.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanenge 10% pose kugadzirwa marasha carbonization kwacho kunoitika. Izvi zvinopupurira kuvapo mukuru maindasitiri kudiwa coking namazimbe.

Chii chinosiyanisa coking uye chafariz marasha

Kunokosha zvikuru kuti indasitiri zvinopa coking marasha, iyo inoshandiswa sezvo muitiro huni zhinji maindasitiri sectors hwenyika. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kuvanatsa simbi. Huru chinhu chinosiyanisa coking marasha pamusoro simba - kuvapo ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai. Izvi rokuti dota iri marasha, iyo yakaumbwa kubudikidza manyowa zvirimwa tisina okisijeni. Vitrain ehupfumi vari kukwanisa kunyunguduka sintered pasi kumusoro tembiricha. Saka, carbon microparticles vari glued kupinda imwe simbi hwakasimba. The mukuru wevasungwa ezvokunambira kunze kwomuviri waamai dzakanga kunaka coking marasha.

Mukuru kwazvo fusible fuma iri marasha inoratidza dzakadaro: Coke, Gas, mafuta, otoschenno-caking uye coking mafuta.

chiratidzo marasha

Zvakasikwa, kune marudzi akawanda marasha izvo zvakasiyana zvekushandisa sezvamunoita, uye zviratidzo sinterability kugadzikana zvinoriumba. Coking marasha akakodzera pezvitsiga mashomanana. Asi kwete vose vari akakodzera sintering mune yakachena chimiro. Dzimwe nguva unofanira kuwedzera zvimwe zvinoriumba. Saka, pane zvinotevera mamakisi pamusoro coking marasha:

1. By - chemubhotoro. In coking ichi marasha mugwaro inotengwa yakachena muchimiro vakaumbwa metallurgia chemubhotoro. Nokuti yakakwirira yepamusoro marasha akawedzera mamwe pezvitsiga - vakashinga kana gasi.
2. QL - Coke mafuta. Rine yakanakisisa coking, kunyanya kushandiswa kuwana chemubhotoro pasina kuwedzera zvimwe zvidzidzo zviri marasha. The Zvinoumba nuna chemubhotoro marasha rine kusvika 30% kubva kugadzikana zvinoriumba. Kufungisisa vitrain - 1.3%. Pakukora mapurasitiki rukoko ndiyo 18 mm. No chemubhotoro chatingatevedzera kuchinja akabvumira Kuwedzerwa chidhindo 20% CS, Os, uye KO.
3. KO - chemubhotoro otoschenny. Pakukora zvakaturikidzaniswa ndiyo 10-12 neMM, kuratidzwa vitrain - kusvika 1%. Kazhinji, muchiso uyu haasi kushandiswa chete, asi chete pachiimbwa LCD uye combustible marasha.
4. SPE - chemubhotoro caking nizkometamorfozny. Panguva sintering ine marasha chemubhotoro vakaumba wachika pasi simba rakadai, saka zviri ainyanya kushandiswa sintering nevamwe mavanga kana kubereka chakaita zvokugadzirwa gasi.
5. COP - chemubhotoro caking. Pakukora mapurasitiki rukoko 9 mm. It dzinoratidzwa pasi sinterability. CS marasha mugwaro chemubhotoro rinoshandiswa sezvo emakambani akaondoroka zvinoriumba. Uyewo rinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa nokuda stratified combustion.
6. GC - gasi chemubhotoro. Kana carbonization goho rakanaka chemubhotoro fused, asi pasi zvokuimba simba. sintered chigadzirwa iri nyore vakaparadzana zvidimbu zvidiki. Kazhinji, gasi marasha inoshandiswa wemisanganiswa nevamwe coking namazimbe.

Sintering vaiona zvakanakisisa mavanga vakadaro coking marasha: vakashinga, caking, gasi, otoschenno-caking uye coking wakachena chimiro. Ivo ane muduku uwandu nouipi uye vane dzakakwirira ductility.

Minda chikumbiro

Chinangwa chikuru coking marasha - Industrial mafuta. Panguva combustion pamusoro coking marasha inongorira yakawanda kupisa simba. Saka, ichi mafuta kuvesa tembiricha iri 470ºS. Asi ichipfuta - kwete chete nzira dzokubvisa anobatsira ehupfumi kuti chicherwa ichi. Kune dzimwe sectors hwenyika iyo coking marasha kushandiswa zvinobudirira zhinji. Kushandiswa ichi rwokuzvarwa kuwana maindasitiri pezvakaitwa anobvumira kuwana nayo kutungamirira, molybdenum, zingi, germanium, sarufa, gallium nezvimwe zvinhu zvine maatomu akafanana. Industrial mafomu uyewo kutambisa uye marasha indasitiri. Saka, vari kupatsanurwa vari refractories uye abrasives. Uyewo kutambisa yakabereka zvokuvakisa.

In zvachose, chinotsva unoitwa kubva ibwe pamusoro 300 akasiyana zvigadzirwa. Coal rinoshandiswa sepokuwana mashoko kugadzirwa kabhoni uye graphite STRUCTURAL zvinhu vysokoazotnyh acids izvo zvinoshandiswa fetiraiza. Zvinobudirira Chikumbiro muri zvinhu izvo vanosunungurwa munguva coking rikurumidze. Saka, panguva yakaoma DISTILLATION kuti marasha tara vakaumba uye amoniya mvura. Vanodawo recyclable.

Uyezve, muna nedanho coking vari dzinounzwa gaseous zvigadzirwa, ane benzene, phenol, toluene uye amoniya. Ivo mune dzimwe muviri.

Extraction kuti coking marasha muUkraine

Coking marasha muUkraine dzinowanzotsigi- kuiswa metallurgia mabhizimisi. Saka, muna simbi indasitiri nezvokuvandudzika anenge 90% of zvachose kudiwa ichi mhando peturu. The kuchera indasitiri kunopa nyika coking marasha rekambani musika 60 chete%. The yasara 40% kuti marasha kuparadzwa kwenyika. The chikuru nokutengesa coking marasha kuUkraine ndiye Russia.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kuwedzera kudiwa dzimwe mbishi zvinhu munyika. Izvi imhaka vasanyanye mumhuri kugadzirwa. Uyewo, kuti kudiwa mudzimba mbishi zvinhu inowira nokuda rutapudzo rakanaka zvayo, sezvo simbi zvigayo havagoni kushandisa marasha rurefu nesurferi kugutsikana.

In Ukraine, kuti coking marasha anogadzirwa nembiya: Donetsk, Lvov-Volyn, Dnieper. Nhamba huru marasha Matura pfungwa iri Donetsk, Luhansk uye Dnipropetrovsk kumatunhu. Panguva iyoyo, nokuda enyika kusagadzikana kwezvinhu coking marasha ari kumabvazuva Ukraine akarembedzwa.

Coal Kugadzirwa muRussia

guru marasha deposits dziri muRussia. Maererano nenhamba, nyika imwe okutanga nzvimbo munyika marasha reserves. Vanopfuura 67% navo marasha. Izvi, 10% vari coking marasha.

The Russian coking marasha mined ari mumadziva: Kuznetsk, Pechora, Yuzhno-Yakutsk, Donetsk uye Kizel. madziva maviri okutanga kubudisa marasha ari mukuru uwandu.

Matura coking zimbe iri Russia ndiyo mabhiriyoni 47,3. Matani. Zvisinei, chete chiduku chikamu akagadzirira kushandisa. Mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa coking marasha muRussia pachiyero 70 mln. Matani pagore. Izvi inokwana pakugadzira zvinhu, maindasitiri mabhizimisi munyika.

Coking marasha ari mined muRussia rakadzikama yakafanorongwa. Kukura marasha Kugadzirwa kuchaitika pakuparwa kuwedzera kudiwa ichi mhando mbishi zvinhu kukonzerwa pave metallurgia uye anoenderana maindasitiri yeRussian upfumi.

Vangangoramba coking marasha musika

Mumakore kuuya yokuRussia marasha indasitiri makamirira shanduko. nzvimbo kiyi Kugadzirwa indasitiri achakurudzira munhu wehunyambiri hurongwa marasha kugadzirwa. Saka, voruzhinji mutemo anopa pakagadzwa mumigodhi yemarasha nemhaka simba zvivako zviduku uye unosvikirwa chinzvimbo. Zvinonzi zvakare akaronga kuisa midziyo panguva marasha zvinomera, izvo zvinoita kuti ironge marasha kupinda akachena chakaita zvokugadzirwa rinochiwedzera.

Panyaya rokutengesa mavhoriyamu, kudiwa coking marasha muRussia kuchawedzera. Chokwadi ndechokuti kuwedzera simbi emakambani Coke anoshandisa non-ferrous simbi uye mamwe maindasitiri mazhinji. Saka, kubudisa 1 tani kuti yenguruve simbi inoda anenge 0,4 matani chemubhotoro. Asi nzira ruzivo anogona kutsiva naye kupfuura mari zvekuvaka kurambidzwa anoshanda.

munyika yose coking marasha pamusika yokurera

To musi, vakawanda marasha Makambani kunyika dzose kutarisana dambudziko iri coking marasha mitengo. dambudziko iri yakawedzera hurumende kuti kupa chemubhotoro rakawandisa zvizhinji. Zvinonzi zvakare hombe simba mitengo ane katsika kuderedza vatengi mari. Chimwe ezvinhu anotambudzika unovapo kubva chido simbi vaburitsi kuderedza mari. In Europe uye China, ari kudiwa coking zimbe richikura, asi akafanirwa kuti kugadzirwa dzakakwirira mhando. Asi vose, bhuku kutenga kubva mbishi zvinhu zvinotengeswa pamusika nyika kuwa.

A shoma kudzikamisa mamiriro ezvinhu ane simba mbishi zvinhu zviri US pamusika. Asi mutengo rakapfuurira kuwa nokuda yakaderera kudiwa simbi. Somugumisiro, ichi kunogona kuderera kugadzirwa coking zimbe iri US uye Europe.

Asi nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuwedzera kupinzwa simba hazvo kuIndia. On imupota Vhoriyamu coking marasha nyika iyi pokutanga wechitatu munyika.

Mari mbishi zvinhu

In chechipiri chikamu 2015. vakachengeta kudzikisa mitengo kuti coking marasha. Makambani makuru dzenyika kupa mbishi zvinhu nemutengo iri 5-10% repasi iri zvichienzaniswa wokutanga kota. Nokudaro, South African kambani Anglo American akaita akapa muJapan coking marasha ari chemhando yepamusoro kuti 116 USD muzana 1 tani. Avhareji yemari nokuda 1 tani kuti coking marasha iri 117 US madhora.