Chii dhaka? dhaka marudzi

Mubvunzo chii nemabota yave kuziva masayendisiti akawanda kwenguva refu. The Zvinoumba nefuma, uyewo chimiro chayo, kufamba kumhanya, tembiricha uye zvimwe zvinhu zvaiva musoro nhamba yezvidzidzo uye tsvakurudzo mapepa. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nenzira yokuti yaiva yakagwamba nechando Hova dzaro vari rinenge chete yokuwana mashoko pamusoro mamiriro paNyika menyika.

mukuru pfungwa

Kutanga kunzwisisa chii nemabota iri ano mupfungwa? Masayendisiti vanouti acho ari yakaumbwa nehurumende, riri kumusoro chikamu nejasi. Paaiva norudo bwenyika nefuma riri dzakafanana, asi Pazvakangomutambudza anosvika pemvura, achibika rinotanga muitiro pakabudiswa negasi matema. Vanotanga tsvuku-inopisa zvinhu nenzira iri makatsemuka vari kuhukura. Muchiitiko chino, kwete yose mvura huchikandwa kusvikira pamusoro. Kutaura chii shoko "dhaka", zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa iyi inoshandawo kune akadurura yacho chete.

basaltic dhaka

The inonyanya mhando panyika chinhu basaltic dhaka. Vazhinji vose Geological pezvakaitwa kuti musiwa Earth zviuru zvemakore akapfuura, achiperekedzwa dzakawanda kwemakomo kwaiita incandescent zvokunyama. Namarudzi solidification rakaumbwa chimwe zita dombo dema. Hafu mabota basalt sezvamunoita ndiko alumina, magnesium, simbi uye dzimwe simbi. Nokuda kwavo tembiricha uchanyangadika kunosvika kumativi 1200 inegumi. Panguva mabota aibuda inofamba ari kumhanya 2 metres por wechipiri, riri akafanana ari kumhanya murume. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti mune ramangwana vanonzi "chamhungwe", vachifambira zvikuru nokukurumidza. Basalt kubva kuputika dhaka anosiyana zvishoma gobvu. Inoyerera zvikuru kure (kusvika zvakawanda makumi makiromita kubva mwena). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwese nyika negungwa mhando iyi.

acidic dhaka

In Kana apo Zvinoumba nyaya ane 63% kana kupfuura silica, zviri anonzi acidic dhaka. Incandescent zvinhu zviri viscous chaizvo uye anongoda asingakwanisi achigarira maoko. Kuerera zvazvingava kazhinji haritombotauri kusvika padanho anoverengeka mamita pazuva. Makavigwa tembiricha iri pfuma iri zvinobva 800 900. inegumi. With Unonyunguduka dzakadaro yakafanira kujairika inotungamirwa matombo (ignimbrites Somuenzaniso). Kana acidic dhaka ndashandisa nomuti gasi, nayo mamota uye anova Mobile. Mushure ejection kubva mwena rakakurumidza runoyerera kunyika zvichiguma mhango (Caldera). Mugumisiro ndiyo nechitarisiko pumice - Ultra-chiedza zvinhu ane arambe achirema ipfupi emvura.

carbonate dhaka

Kunze pakuti dhaka ichi, masayendisiti akawanda achiri havagoni kuona dzidzo nheyo dzayo carbonate marudzi. The Zvinoumba ichi zvinhu zviri potassium carbonates uye yavaibvisa. It rinoputika mumwe chete rinoputika panyika - Oldoinyo-Lengai, riri mu Northern Tanzania. Carbonate mabota emura chaizvo uye chando zvose zviripo. tembiricha wayo anenge 510 madhigirii, uye chinofamba egomo panguva pamwero kufanana mvura. Pakutanga, mashoko acho ane shava kana dema ruvara, asi pashure maawa mashoma ari kunze kunova kupenya, uye mwedzi mishoma anoita zviri chena.

zvakawanikwa

Kuti muchidimbu, saktsentirovat pfungwa yokuti nemabota zvakabatana rimwe zvakakura Geological matambudziko. It iri ndechokuti fuma rinopisa mukati Wepasi. Panomuka inopisa zvinhu pave pamusoro, pakwakanga yakanyauka uye chimiro anoputika. The unequivocal mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii nemabota havagoni kupa kunyange masayendisiti vaitungamirira nyika. Panguva iyoyowo, unogona kutaura kuti chokwadi kuti chete duku chikamu yose muitiro, kufambisa simba riri chakavigwa zvikuru pasi pevhu.