Chii Humanism mukunzwisisa vakachenjera yekare uye vazivi of Renaissance

Humanism - rinokosha mhando maonero kwouzivi iyo inobva pfungwa chemhando dzevanhu tsika; muzivi uye humanist munhu kwevanhu - pakati nyika, nechiyero zvose, korona kwezvisikwa zvaMwari.

Humanism zvoruzivo anotanga kutora chimiro kare, tsanangudzo wayo wokutanga tinowana nemabasa Aristotle uye Democritus.

Humanism mu tsika dzekare

Chii Humanism mukunzwisisa vakachenjera yekare? Pakutongwa vazivi yekare - ichi ndicho chikuru nenhanho kukura uye kubudirira zvakanakisisa zviri nemano. The nomumwe anofanira kuedza kuzvidzora Kuziva, kuzvicheka-dzidzo; munhu anofanira kuva zvinopindirana, tsika dzinobvumira chipatara chinobatsira uye nemachira vakakwana.

KuMiddle Ages pfungwa Humanism pamusoro backburner, vakanga pakukurirwa ari kwakakwidibira dzidziso dzechitendero vazviomesere, Vairwadzisa chibarirwo kuti munhu kuchiva uye zvinodiwa. Huru unhu vaionekwa zvinotevera: kuzvidzora, kuzvininipisa, chivimbo kutadza yevanhu yepakutanga. Ideas uye nedzidziso ouzivi dzekare kare kukanganikwa, vazivi weGirisi yekare uye Roma akanzi akatadza vaHedheni.

Renaissance Humanism

Kufarira nhaka kare zvinooneka yakawedzera chete panguva Renaissance. The zvechechi magariro yekudyidzana ungaderedza, sayenzi uye uri kurega kuva evasingatombonamati yebhaibheri, kwaiva zvakawanda vakasununguka, neteologicheskie dzidziso dzouzivi uye nedzidziso. Kuzvichengetedza, kupatsanura uye kudzidza mabasa vazivi uye nyanzvi kare raiva chikuru basa iri kwevanhu munguva dzazvino. Fanira kwavari waiva kudzidza mitauro yekare - Latin uye Ancient Greek.

The Kuzadziswa Renaissance vazivi, kuti ndiye Humanism akazviratidza mugove mavambo uye kuzivikanwa. Renaissance Humanism yaingowanikwa uye nemamwe. Panguva iyoyo kuzivikanwa zvose zvakanga kukosha nevanhu; yezvisikwa tsika (kutarisirwa uye kuremekedza manzwiro uye zvinodiwa nomunhu, tsitsi, tsitsi) kusina kumboderera pane Somuenzaniso, chitendero, zvitendero chiitiko zvinodiwa uye tsika.

Kwakatangira Renaissance Humanism kuri mumabasa zvesayenzi uye mabasa nounyanzvi zvikuru vokuItaly - Dante Alighieri uye Francesco Petrarca. Nokuda mukuru mhepo rusununguko, kunamata runako, kukwezvana kune zvitsva siyana ounyanzvi, zvaigoneka kuvapo chinoshamisa kwazvo - pfupi Mukuru Renaissance (1500-1530). Panguva ino geniuses of Renaissance (Rafael Santi, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo) vakasikwa mukuru mabasa ounyanzvi.

Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko Renaissance Humanism yakapararira kusvika kuchamhembe kumatunhu Europe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuNorthern Renaissance, kusiyana rokuItari, zvakanga pedyo tsika dzechitendero. The chikuru Pfungwa yacho kwevanhu dzechiKristu - kuvandudzika kwevanhu sechinhu chinokosha zvimiso ruponeso. We ongorora chii Humanism mukunzwisisa uzivi hwechitendero. Chete nekutevera mirairo yaMwari, vachichengeta zvose zvinodiwa nechitendero uye mabhuku matsvene, munhu wacho anogona kucheneswa, pedyo nevatambi worunako, runako, maererano. Izvi zvakajeka kupfuura pfungwa theistic Humanism rakazviratidza ari mabasa ose Erasmus, Willibald Pirckheimer.

mhinduro yake kuti mubvunzo pamusoro chii Humanism, uye kupa ano nyanzvi-vazivi. Tsika Renaissance Humanism vachiri regai mumaoko nzvimbo yavo yazvino muuzivi Western Europe. Kutenda simba murume, tichiremekedza kuyemurwa omnipotence, ari omnipotence wacho, ine tariro kudavira zvinobvira kuvandudza vanhu - izvi zvose zvinoita vanhu kupfuura mberi uye zvibereko nzira uzivi ano.