Chii kurima? Nhoroondo chidzoke hwokurima

Agriculture, ari kupfuura kare kwakadaro kwevanhu, kwakasimbiswa zvikuru vanoiswa munyika dzakasiyana.

Chii kurima?

Agriculture kuti yakabuda Munguva chinyakare hurongwa ndiwo mugumisiro yakareba emunhu.

Zvakatanga apo vanhu aitoziva kuvhima uye vakaita achiunganidza dzomusango zvibereko. basa hwevanhu kuitwa pamusoro chirimwa kugadzirwa, pamusoro kusarudzwa uye kubereka zvikuru kubatsira kwemarudzi, mumwe kukanganisa pavo kuchinja nezvavanoda.

Nhoroondo zvokurima: kuti chidzoke, pfuti

Matangiro wokurima yakanga kare, vanhu kana akacherechedza kuti siyana tsanga michero kana nzeve, akawira pasi (uye unzenza), imere uye zvibereko zvakare. Zvino zvakaitika kwaari, uye kuti nzira unogona kukura chikafu. Kubvira ipapo, vakava mbeu dzinodyiwa zvinomera kudyara uye kukura.

Nokuti kudyara sarudza kwazvo sandara nyika, iyo dziri pedyo nemvura. Vanhu vakadzidza kusunungura yakagadzira sora kubva pasi mapadza mutsa, uye ipapo munyika ino, vakakanda zviyo. Yaiva mhando nebadza kurima. Mushure ichiibvira, vakaunganidza paro nejeko zvinosanganisira yokufeva emapuranga kana pfupa hunde (mubato), iro munzvimbo unopinza zvidimbu yematombo.

VeMubatanidzwa zvokurima vakabatsira pakasikwa mushandisi-ushamwari zvishandiso zvitsva uye zvakawanda. Kwapera nguva, vanhu vakavaka uye kurima. Pakutanga zvakanga chete danda unopinza fundo pakupedzisira. Iye chete akasungirirwa hanesi nzombe. chokushandisa ichi inogona kupatsanurwa zvikuru nyika uye vanhu vakawanda, yakanga akacherechedza kuti goho mumunda wakarimwa kwakadaro kwave kupfuura nyika, kupatsanurwa nebadza. Kurima nyika kumborimwa zvakadzama uye mbeu akadyara zvakadzika kupa goho rakanaka.

First akura miti

Yokutanga miti akura vanhu vakanga bhari, gorosi, uye mapfunde. Uye nzvimbo yechizvarirwo kwavo - Western Asia (Peninsula Malaya Aziya uye nharaunda yakabatana nayo). Zviri munzvimbo idzi uye misha kupfuura kare varimi kwakawanikwa. Mujinga zvakaitika 10 000 apfuura. Kubva panzvimbo iyi zvokurima zvishoma nezvishoma kupararira munyika yose.

Zvinogona kwakagumisa kuti kurima riri pamazuva iwayo, apo vanhu vakanga atove aivapo nzira hwake, vakabatsira kuti kwaita zvigadzirwa zvitsva, yamunenge uye akavandudzika zvokushandisa. Kuburikidza izvi vakatanga kukudziridza raanoziva - Manual madiki kugadzirwa maturusi uye siyana midziyo yemagetsi.

Pokumuka nzvimbo dzokurima

A vazhinji matongo uye paleobotanic tsvakurudzo anoratidza kubatana kupi zvokurima kare pamwe zvikamu zviri nenzvimbo dzakakwirira gomo nemipata zviri subtropical mapazi. Mukurumbira musayendisiti N. I. Vavilov yave kuzivikanwa zvimwe nzvimbo chaizvo yekare chidzoke hwokurima (VII-III mumireniyamu BC ...):

1. Anterior (gorosi, nebhari uye zvichingodaro.).
2. Mountain Valley uye kumabvazuva China (gorosi, mupunga, mapfunde, uye zvichingodaro.).
3. Mexico (pepper, bhinzi uye zvichingodaro.).
4. The chinokosha Peru (mhiripiri, Squash, donje, soyabhinzi uye zvichingodaro.).

Chii kurima mu kure America? Heyo akasimuka zvikuru pasina dzimwe nzvimbo kondinendi, uye zvichida kunyange kupfuura kare.

Mukuru maererano kuvandudza agrarian tsika munyika mushure Mexico Areas: Peru, India, Bolivia, China, Egypt uye Siria.

In Western Europe, kuti chidzoke hwokurima yakatanga kusvika V-IV chemakore BC.

On nyika Russia uye ndima yakabatana nayo, kurima dzakatangira ibwe Age. Uye mukuru nzvimbo - zvose okukurukura Transcaucasia uye Central Asia.

mhedziso

Wakabata pamwechete mubvunzo chii zvokurima ndechokuti, tinogona kugumisa kuti wakati nyanzvi ichi basa uye mhuka minda, vanhu kwakaita zvishoma nezvishoma kubva appropriating (sezvakunoitwa kare) utariri kuti kugadzirwa kwezvokudya - akaenda nokukurumidza muitiro kuvandudza maturusi basa. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti kwaita ndege.