Kusunungurwa Vienna April 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria uye Hungary - ndivo dzakagamuchirwa, kunyange ivo sokuti kufanana chaizvo asi akasiyana zvikuru kubva mumwe. Izvi zvinoshandawo nemafungiro. Saka, musi vasvika muHungary Red Army vezvakaitika Union vakatora zvikuru chando, utsinye ukuwo Austrians vakaita neutrally kana kunyange akavimbika muchiuto.

A zvakafanana mafungiro pamusoro kugadzirira uye mufambiro remapazi haisi kudaro kure. Izvi imhaka kukwikwidzana yeSoviet dzematongerwe uye yeAustria kwavakarerekera, aifarira-yechiFascist maonero uye pfungwa. Zvisinei, kusunungurwa Vienna - musoro zvichiratidza, muropa uye anoita nokudedera pamberi nesimba varwi uye usingadzimiki uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Kunyanya kufunga kuti nokubudiswa yeAustria guta harina akakwanisa kwete chete chaizvo kutsanya, asi shoma dzevanhu varasikirwa.

Preparation kunorapwa

Pakazosvika 1945, negore repfumbamwe maviri anorwisana mativi kunge ndaneta: mupfungwa nomumuviri - uye varwi tylovikov, mutengo - mumwe nyika kuti vaiitawo ichi hondo ropa. A sefungu itsva simba akazviratidza panguva zvokusarudzwa pasi rimwe German pakaunda-tsamwisa pedyo Lake Balaton. Mauto Red Army chaizvoizvo wedged mu yeNazi kuzvidzivirira, kumanikidza vokuGermany nokukurumidza kutora kwokururamisa chiito chakadaro "makomba".

Mukuru ngozi kwavari waiva kuti neSoviet midzi idzva dzokai, aigona kuva refu nguva kukanganwa pamusoro kubatwa wokuHungary. Uye kana akarasikirwa nyika iyi, Austria, zvakare, nokukurumidza kuchava kutongwa Russian.

Panguva ino pamberi varwi 2nd uye 3rd Ukrainian fronts, pane basa - kutyora vokuGermany munharaunda kweLake Balaton, kwete pava paya pane March 16.

Panguva iyoyowo simba rechitatu UV aifanira kubata munhu unorema akarova kuti muvengi uye April 15 fung kupinda mutsara Tulln, St. Poelten, Neu lengby.

tsamwisa pfuma

Sezvo kusunungurwa Vienna tariro zvikuru kwete chete kuti murayiro, asi varwi vanhuwo, kugadzirira kushanda chatangwa. Huru akarova akanga aisa mauto Third kuUkraine Front. Mwoyo, vakawanda vaifira pakati pavanhu uye zvokushandisa, vakawana simba kugadzirira kurwiswa.

rwisana motokari replenishment haana chete nokuda kutambira zvinhu zvitsva, asiwo nemhaka nemasoja vakapora chombo kure sezvinobvira.

Panguva apo oparesheni vakatanga kusunungurwa Vienna, ari zvombo ari 3rd Ukrainian Front vaiva:

• 18 chivhorovhoro mapoka;
• Matangi anenge mazana maviri uye Sau (self propelled atirari zvidimbu);
• anenge 4,000 pfuti uye mumaturi.

Kunopindirana Rating Kuvhiya

Sezvambotaurwa, kutaura zvinonyatsoteerera pamusoro kudekara kana kuoma chiito, hatingadaro. Kudivi rimwe, kusunungurwa Vienna muna 1945 - mumwe uchitsanya uye chakajeka kushandiswa. Ukuwo, chinhu chinokosha munhu uye zvinhu varasikirwa. Kutaura kuti kubatwa guru kuAustria aingovawo, anogona chete kunodudzwa chokwadi kuti vakawanda vamwe madutu vakanga nechokuita yekudyidzana zvikuru munhu kurasikirwa.

rusununguko Chinenge pakarepo pamusoro Vienna - imhaka ruzivo nemauto eSoviet zvakare, nokuti akatorwa akatsauka inobudirira kubatwa zano.

Usakanganwa pamusoro hunokosha dzakakwirira mweya mauto edu, izvo vakaridza basa rinokosha pakuti kupedza vari kutamburira yeAustria guru. Masoja akanzwa ari kukunda, uye akafa vakaneta. Asi kunzwisisa kuti nhano ose mberi - iyi mirayiridzo vachiri kudzoka kumba, simudza mweya.

Mabasa pamberi

Kusunungurwa Vienna, Chokwadi, yakatanga kuna February, paakatanga kugadzira nzira kuti nokutorera Hungary uye ipapo makatodzinga nevaNazi muVienna. Zano chaiyo yakanga wazvigadzira March, nepakati, uye kare yechi26 romwedzi iwoyo isati Soviet tsamwisa muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano (Russian uye Romanian masoja) akanga tasked pamwe - kurwisa uye kutora mutsetse-Objects pamwe Pozba.

In madekwana nezuva oparesheni ane zvaitwa chete aoma. hondo yedu kwave kuchiita zvakawanda nezvinhu, asi kunyange panguva usiku moto usingadzimwi hondo dzinotyisa. Zuva rinotevera racho, muvengi akakwanisa ndokudzinga rwizi Nitra.

Red Army mauto

Zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba kusvikira April 5 ndipo (kureva kusunungurwa Vienna nemauto eSoviet akatanga musi iwoyo). At 7.00 am kwakatanga kurwiswa Bratislava. Rakanga wakapindwa wa25 pfuti Corps of Red Army, 27 vakasuwa Guards Tank Brigade uye 2nd Tank chemazana chehondo Romanian. Pashure kurwisana Bratislava nezvakawanda wabatwa pakazopera zuva.

In dzakafanana, mauto Soviet-Romanian vakatanga kuyambuka rwizi Morava Zvisinei, mukusiyana kuti kubatwa reguta, basa hauna kuitwa munguva imwe chete. Kusvikira April 8th vaiva hondo dzomunharaunda pamusoro mberi ichi, izvo zvaitadzisa huri kudzikama transference kumhiri. On April 9, kuyambuka rakapera. Pana zvitatu o'clock, mauto edu vakakwanisa kuyambuka mhiri. Nemauto vakaungana Tsverndorfe kuti gare gare anobatana munhu zvikamu 4-vakasuwa Guards kuenda neherikoputa Division.

Pano chete zvaitambidzwa 10 T-34 5 SU-76 uye Romanian Sau uye 15 matangi.

Force nokuda kwokudzivirira guru Austria

Red Army mauto nemamiriro boka nokururamisira simba German. Saka, kusunungurwa Vienna muna 1945 zvingaita pasi mamiriro kukunda pamusoro:

• 8 uye tangi 1 inifanduri mapoka;
• 15 inifanduri rechiuto kuti Volkssturm (achifamba kurwisa);
• zvose tsvimbo guru chikoro muchiuto;
• mapurisa, izvo zvakasikwa 4 hondo (nayo vanhu vanopfuura 6000).

Uyewo, usakanganwa pamusoro kunakisa kurutivi kuonga Nazi kwayo zviwanikwa. West guta rakanga makomo, kumabvazuva uye mativi kuchamhembe pedyo rinenge sezvisingakundiki Danube uye rwezasi vokuGermany akasimbisa antitank kumigero, siyana masvingo, pillboxes, kuhondo, bunkers.

Vienna yacho chaizvoizvo vakatutirana zvombo mumatongo yakavanzwa, mumigwagwa vari partitioned kure kwezvinovharidzira, uye zvivako akare vaiva rudzi bastions.

kuronga kuti andobata

Kwawakarerekera dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye achiziva kuti kusunungurwa Vienna nemauto eSoviet hazvizovi nyore, F. I. Tolbuhin anoronga kutumira ukapisa murwi pamwe 3 mativi, nokudaro nokusika kutya pakati vatungamiri isingatarisirwi. Three bapiro kurwiswa vaiva sezvinotevera:

1. 4th Guards Army pamwe 1st Guards Corps akarohwa kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva.
2. In rwezasi-rwamavirazuva kurwisa kune 6 Guards Army pamwe rechi18 TC.
3. West, chete vatize akagura mamwe mauto.

Saka, yepanyama kudzivirirwa yaizova rufu musungo.

Uyewo kucherechedza mafungiro Soviet remauto kukosha reguta yakanga akaronga kuderedza Kuvhiringidza muguta guru.

The hurongwa akabvumirwa pakarepo. Capture chinzvimbo uye kuchenesa guta angadai kwakaitika semheni, kana kwete kuramba akasimba.

hafu tsamwisa First

5th zuva oparesheni kwakatangwa, iyo kusvikira 13 April. Kusunungurwa Vienna zvakadaro rapera tichishandisa nokukurumidza uye pasina nemafashamo dzevanhu mari, asi vanofamba kurwa kwakadaro hazvigoni zita.

Zuva rokutanga havana kuuya kubudirira Red Army uchiitika nokuda kokutsamwa nemishonga nemauto German. Kunyange zvazvo kushingaira tsamwisa Soviet, kusimudzirwa akaramba shoma. VaNazi vakanzwisisa kuti vane nzvimbo kutiza uye akarwa kune vekupedzisira.

6 April yakati kukuru kurwa pedyo neguta, riri kumucheto ayo. On nhasi, Soviet Army akakwanisa kupedza zvakawanda, uye madekwana, kunyange kuenda kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba aro, uye ipapo ukaona ari Viennese namafuro.

Rimwe bapiro akaita dhituwa achitevedza Alps uye aenda kumadokero kuswedera, uye zvadaro Danube.

Zviito izvi zvakakonzera ndechokuti boka rakanga rakapoteredzwa nomuvengi.

The kubatwa weguta

Kusunungurwa Vienna kubva vaNazi achipinda chinoshingaira chokutambudzika kubva manheru April 7, apo kodzero bapiro wechitatu UV Pressbaum rinoburitsa uye kunoita mamwe matatu kumativi: kumavirazuva, kumabvazuva uye kumaodzanyemba.

On wa9 atanga kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda chikamu kubatwa. Special kuramba vokuGermany vane pamusoro Imperial Bridge, nokuti zvaizoreva achitora denderedzwa wakakwana. Mugumo reshanu hwokushanda aizivikanwa kubudirira Red Army - the muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano of kurwisa yaiva chindori kunyange musimboti madhipatimendi vachiri kuedza kurwisa uye kukunda.

On April 11 unotanga achayambuka ari Danube Canal, uyewo achangobuda hondo, kusunungurwa Vienna kubva vaNazi kusvika kumugumo.

Kukurira muvengi raiva nyore, hondo German yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina, uye ipapo neutralized.

Rinotanga zvakawanda muguta iro mberi kusvikira April 13 chisvusvuro. Hazvina nhamba iyi rinopembererwa Liberation Day muVienna.

Ukama vagari vemo uye guta

Murayiro Soviet Army uchiremekedza munhoroondo uye tsika yeAustria guru. Nokusimbisa ichi - kukumbira vanhu Vienna vaine chikumbiro kubatsira Red Army. The akajekerwa vavabatsire akarara pakuti vanhu vomuguta vakakumbirwa kuti chete regai kusiya misha yavo pasina kupa vokuGermany kuputsa chivako nokuparadza sezvivako. vakagamuchirwa Mashoko aya nechido.

Kutaura zvazviri, aiva tactical kufamba, musimboti chiri: kana uchida kubatsira iwe - kuponesa munhu anodiwa nomwoyo chinhu. Pashure Kuzivisa pakutanga kwazvakarerekera mafungire Austrians akadaro kuchinja nani, uye saka kuchitanga kushingaira pamwe.

Victory muguta rino rava yokufananidzira, nekuti wokutanga akabatwa nevaNazi nyika - Austria. Mugadziriro hondo yose, chiitiko ichi chakaratidza kutanga kuguma kuti Nazi Germany.

Union kukunda

Chinhu chokutanga kuti zvinofanira kucherechedzwa, vachitaura pamusoro zvaitika - ndiko kuparadzwa hombe boka Wehrmacht, asi vamwe pane kuti, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti pakugadzirira oparesheni yakanga zvachose vasunungurwa Hungary, izvo zvakaita kuti mauto 2nd uye 3rd Ukrainian fronts. Imwe neimwe yeboka akapiwa menduru kuti kusunungurwa Vienna.

Ipapo kumatunhu kumabvazuva munyika uye guta guru vaiva vakabatikana.

Uyewo akazarura nzira Prague, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise nokukurumidza kuenderera mberi.

Vakapona nemagariro uye nhoroondo nhaka chimwe chezvinhu akanaka misoro Europe, uyewo kutanga kudzorerwa Vienna.

YeAustria vanhu aiva mupemhi pashure kupambwa, kubhomba uye kuparadza chaizvoizvo, nokuti iyoyo 1945 rakazova chisarudzo chakasimba kupa chikafu kubatsira vanhu.

Nokurasikirwa kuna Nazi Germany

Kana kurasikirwa kuna Berlin, ndicho kurasikirwa nokudzora makurusa maindasitiri nzvimbo kuWestern Europe - the Vienna maindasitiri nzvimbo uye vakarasikirwa hondo nokuda Nadkanizhskoe mafuta munda. Pasina izvozvo, yakapoteredza huni azoshandiswa miti vakasiyiwa pasina mbishi zvinhu. Saka, yokuGermany akarasikirwa mufambo zvokushandisa, uye murayiro akamanikidzwa mubve nayo vanyura yakakunda mundima, izvo akabvumira mauto eSoviet kuenda mberi nokukurumidza. The nemishonga inopiwa inifanduri anokwana zviyero chete, vasingagoni kupa chakakomba kurambwa kuti muvengi achiri pasi kutokonora.

Pane rakananga kutyisidzira pokukundwa Germany, uye somugumisiro, kupa yeNazi mauto.

Unhu murayiro German yakanga isina kukudzwa uye chiremera. Masoja vakaratidza sezvo boka vaGiriki uye vandals uyo akaparadza yakanaka kwazvo uye kupfuura machechi muguta uye vakaedza kuridza vakwire kunonyanyisa nhamba nzvimbo. Vakarega guta, ivo mined ari Imperial Bridge.

Memory uye kupemberera

Kubvira muna 1945 muna Vienna ose gore musi April 13 wokupemberera Day yorusununguko kubva German nechisimba. Pane imwe mumigwagwa Vienna akasimbisa Liberation Museum.

Uye pazuva kana guta vakasiya muvengi, 24 salvo kwepfuti mazana matatu akapiwa muMoscow. Papera nguva, kwakasarudzwa vagadze mubayiro hutsva vechikamu zviitiko izvi - ". Nokuti kusunungurwa Vienna" ari menduru

Nhasi, kuwedzera kune miziyamu, kunotyisa hondo idzi zvakafananidzirwa shongwe varwi akawira pasi Schwarzenbergplatz square, iyo chakagadzwa chete 1945 pakutanga kudzorerwa guta rose nyika. Wakaitwa muchimiro vamire chaizvo murwi. Muruoko mumwe murwi chinobatanidza mureza, mumwe Shongai nhovo muchimiro nguo maoko Soviet Union. Zvimwe vanatenzi ano kupendwa mu tsvuku ruvara.

Kupemberera kukunda iyi, 50 vemauto dzakabatana uyo akasiyanisa pachavo muhondo nokuda Vienna, akapiwa honorary zita "Vienna".