Chii nomuzongoza modular patani kombiyuta

Ruzhinji hrs ano vari yakavakwa muenzaniso chaiwo, inonzi kombiyuta mapurani - Hardware (panyama) uye Software (akarongeka uye musoro) zvokushandisa vachikubvumira chirongwa uye aite zvakakodzera mabasa ose user. Computer mapurani riri kwokunze, tichiratidza murwiyo uye kudyidzana vose peripheral hurongwa, uye munyika, umo chiri ezvinhu kushanda constituent pezvokuvamba kombiyuta pachayo.

Magadzirirwo kunobva uye iripo kombiyuta vaumbe chikuru-modular musimboti. The hunoshanda kunoita musimboti ichi iri chokwadi kuti zvinoumba mavakirwo pakombiyuta ndiwedzere zvingava inodzidzisa pachake, kuburikidza interoperability uye commonality yenhengo computer yako. Modularity vaisanganisa muzongoza, kana sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi - musimboti date mukutsinhana bhazi pakati modules uye kombiyuta nodes. nheyo mbiri idzi zvinoumba imwe nheyo kwezvisikwa makombiyuta ano - nheyo rakavhurika mapurani. Mumuviri Pfungwa rakavhurika mapurani chaitwa nokuisa pamusoro hurongwa (maitiro) bhodhi zvakasiyana mano: CPU, mavhidhiyo uye ruzha makadhi, ndangariro (RAM uye ROM). . Uyewo, bhazi-modular zvakagadzirwa kuti PC, nheyo yokungotaura acho akagadzira mukati pezana remakore rapfuura, John of Neumann rinoratidza kuti anotevera nhungamiro kutaurirana pakati-software zvinoumba kombiyuta:

• chirongwa kutarisirwa, unosanganisira mashoko otomatiki kuurayiwa processor instructions, uye mune imwe kutevedzana;
• homogeneity ndangariro dzine okuchengetera uye mirayiro uye mashoko imwe nzvimbo;
• addressability, maererano izvo kuyeuka kombiyuta akasikwa ari kutaridza kuverengwa masero kupindamo nokuda processor.

Viewed bhazi-modular magadzirirwo anobvumira kombiyuta kuumba zvinenge nemamwe parameters ari mudziyo configuration (Chokwadi, mukati hwokugadzira parameters waro chinoumba nhengo dzavo kugarisana), uye kupa nzira mikuru date hutachiwana pakati penhindi izvi. rate iri kuitwa kuburikidza nokushandisa raznorazryadnyh matai matatu (multiconductor mitsetse). Kana bhazi rino upamhi kunoenderana ikakuruma kudzika processor. The date bhazi akagadzirirwa nechokwadi nokupfuuridzirwa mashoko nenzira mbiri: kubva processor mumwe mudziyo kombiyuta uye kubva mudziyo kusvika processor.

Kero bhazi anopa kuwana processor chikwata uye kuyeuka sero chete anoshanda mune unidirectional muoti - kubva processor kusvika mudziyo.

kuzvidzora bhazi transmits anonongedzera uye mirayiro kuti kudzora weboka kupanana ruzivo uye riini exchanges pakati akasiyana kombiyuta nodes. Panyama vaiona bhazi-modular design kombiyuta chinozoiswa kuburikidza hurongwa bhazi, akabata cheap car insurance ayo iripo (connectors) rinobatanidza pamwe kombiyuta mudziyo. Hurongwa bhazi mitemo sezvo zvemichina achinja. Pari vakawanda mhando ezvinhu bhazi ari PCI bhazi. The hurongwa bhazi pamwe namano chokuita nayo, uye dzinoumba nomuzongoza, iyo inotaura kwaro zita guru-modular pamasikiro kombiyuta.

Individual modules kombiyuta vari panyama chokuita nomuzongoza vachishandisa controllers uye adapters, kushanda kwavo purogiramu kugadzwa vatyairi kuti asike zvinhu kuti uchishandisa hurongwa kuvhura Hardware mamiriro kombiyuta uye shure.

Mureza akagadzirwa kombiyuta ano zvinosanganisira:

• vhidhiyo adhaputa (nokuti akaratidza kubatana);
• Serial zvengarava COM1 uye COM2 (negonzo uye Modem);
• yakafanana chiteshi (nokuti unobatanidza yokudhinda mabhuku);
• kiibhodhi controller.

Sezvo pfungwa ne huru-kombiyuta module musimboti okuvaka, vamwe peripherals uye namano zvinogona kwakabatana kuti kombiyuta kuburikidza nekuisa okuwedzera adapters.