Chii polysomes. Sechivako mutemo prokaryotes uye eukaryotes

Protein usage - chinhu chinokosha utachiona kwacho kuti kumbowanikwa masero upi muviri. Mapuroteni ndiwo kirasi chikuru pane makemikari zvinhu masero, kuita zvakawanda mashandiro, kutanga uye anopera rwokudzivirira enzayemu. Chii polysomes? Sezvo mamiriro ichi rinoshandiswa mapuroteni usage?

Chii polysomes

In mumasero eukaryotes uye prokaryotes vari kunyorerana hurongwa yacho ribosome. Izvi corpuscles duku, zvinosanganisira maviri subunits uye mashandiro kuita mapuroteni usage iri rokushandura rikurumidze. Ribosome - asiri Kamudzira marongerwo.

Polysomes - a inotungamirwa rine ribosomes anoverengeka. Vachikurukura mumwe nomukombiyuta chizvaro kana mutumwa RNA. ribosomes akawanda, akadai marozari, anoiswa pamusoro Morekuru ichi zvichiguma rwepanyama maumbirwo - polysomes.

Polysomes masero vari pfungwa apo zvinodiwa nokukurumidza kwetunhu yakawanda mapurotini. Ndiro huru chaivo basa masangano aya.

The nemamiriro ribosome

T. k. Polis anoumba ribosomes akawanda chokuita, unofanira kufunga sechivako yokupedzisira.

Chero Sero ribosome ine subunits maviri, hombe uye duku. Pakati pavo aumbwa chiduku pakakoromoka dhayamita yakakodzera zvakarurama ari mRNA Morekuru iyo panofanira kuva.

Ribosomes vari kunzwisisa nucleoprotein zvivako, kureva. K. A chikamu zviduku subunit ribosomal RNA mamorekuru zvinosanganisira mapurotini uye. Mapuroteni vanoita mashandiro chitunha, uye RNA iyo ive ribozyme (fermentative) basa, zvinoshandiswa rokushandura rikurumidze.

Kusiyana pakati prokaryotic uye eukaryotic ribosomes

. Sezvo prokaryotes uye eukaryotes - vari mapoka maviri akasiyana zvipenyu, vane kusiyana ribosomes, uye saka mutemo, zvakare.

In prokaryotes, kuti cytoplasm ndiyo yakawanda 70S ribosomes (S - sedimentation iri kugara, izvo zvinoratidza mwero deposition kuti inoramba iri centrifuge). Vari inoumbwa makuru subunit 50S uye 30S diki subunit. The nemamiriro guru subunit mu prokaryotes anosanganisira 5S uye 23S RNA. Uyewo subunit duku 16S RNA aumbwa.

In masero kwemabhakitiriya vakaumba vazhinji polysomes. Izvi imhaka yokuti vane puroteni usage kwacho ndiko kutsanya chaizvo: Mukutepfenyura anotanga kuguma transcription kwacho pamberi. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, wevasungwa ose ribosomes muchitokisi ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose pedyo nucleoid.

In eukaryotes, pane kusiyana zvinokosheswa dzose pezvokuvamba ribosome sedimentation. Nokuti, mutengo 80 nokuti mikuru nemiduku subunits - 60 uye 40 azvaitwa. Sezvo chikamu chikuru subunit oga 5S, 28S uye 5,8S RNA, uye duku - 18S RNA.

Zvino prokaryotes uye eukaryotes polysomes mhanyisa chirongwa mapuroteni usage. Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru kana uchida nokukurumidza inotungamirwa makopi mapuroteni mamorekuru. Yakakwirira mwero kwetunhu mamirire kunyanya utachiona, kureva. K. Messenger navo RNA ikoko kwenguva pfupi nguva, uye panguva penguva iyi kuti synthesize sezvo zvakawanda puroteni mamorekuru. Ndizvo polysomes mu zvipenyu.

Translation rikurumidze - huru mashandiro polysomes

Panguva shanduro vakaumba chikuru nemamiriro puroteni Morekuru. Kune matanho zvitatu kwetunhu polypeptides: kudzidziswa, elongation uye kugumiswa.

1. mharuro rokushandura. MRNA Morekuru anofanira vasiyana 16S RNA pakati nheyo complementarity. Nokuti chinangwa ichi pane urongwa hunokosha kuti prokaryotes inonzi ribosomsvyazyvayuschim nzvimbo uye eukaryotes - dzavhara. Naizvozvo, mutumwa RNA wanamatira duku subunit yacho ribosome.

2. Elongation. Danho iri kunoratidzwa ne buildup yacho polypeptide cheni. Transportation RNA kuunza ribosome amino acids, izvo chokuita redunhu inoumbwa peptide zvisungo. Saka, mapuroteni usage kunoitika kusvikira nguva kana paricharova mumwe ribosome chemabhazi codon.

3. kugumiswa. Kamwe zvasvika kuti vanorega codon pamusoro puroteni usage iri wakagumiswa. munhu richangobva kuumbwa polypeptide kubva ribosome rikawira Morekuru kuburikidza chaiwo sitiroko, uye ipapo inopfuura paumbwe yechipiri, tertiary kana quaternary marongerwo.

Ribosome vafambi - nzira kwokudzidza ribosome

Kuti udzidze chii polysomes, unofanira kusarudza nemamiriro mumasero omuviri. Nyore nzira tsvakurudza masero prokaryotic. Ribosomal vafambi kunosanganisira anotevera:

1. kuparadzwa prokaryotic muchitokisi. Zvakakosha kuti kuparadzwa kunofanira kuitwa zvemaziso napo, kureva. A. Chemicals anogona kukuvadza ribosomes pachavo.

2. cleavage RNA, izvo vasiri ribosomal.

3. ichocho rinoitwa achibvisa zvisingakoshi polypeptides dzisingabvumirwi chikamu chacho.

4. Reverse transcription kuti ribosomal RNA dzoga.

5. Sekvernirovanie akawana DNA.

mhedziso

Polysomes - chivakwa inopfurwa pamusoro ribosomes anoverengeka. Basa Its ndiko kuwedzera kwetunhu mapurotini. zvivako izvi zvinowanika masero prokaryotes uye eukaryotes Zvisinei ivo yo masero chero muviri. Ndizvo polysomes.