Kudeuka organics masero

Chemical Sero sangano rinopa kuvapo siyana zvinhu uye yeimwe. Saka asimbiswa kuvapo macro- uye microelements, mvura uye zvicherwa munyu. Huri muchitokisi uye Organic zvokuvakisa, remasangano iyo kusarudza zvivako zvayo. yeimwe idzi ine zvainoita dzinoverengeka maitiro ane muviri rose. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti makemikari anoumba munhu chirimwa sero uye mhuka ndiyo akafanana kune mabhomba padanho. pane musiyano panguva samolecular chechetere.

Vazhinji Organic zvinhu masero dzinoratidzwa kuti sezvamunoita yavo inosanganisira mamorekuru guru (macromolecules). Kazhinji, dzine vachidzokorora zvakafanana chivako kuti yakaderera-samolecular yeimwe. yeimwe aya dzaibatanidzwa imwe covalent chisungo achiumbwa uye monomers. The monomers, akavapindurawo, aumbe morekuru anonzi polymer.

Kudeuka organics masero - vari mafuta, nucleic acids, makabhohaidhiretsi nemapurotini.

mapuroteni

Ivo pamusana anenge gumi kusvika makumi maviri muzana. Izvi kwemashifiti Polymers ane amino acids sezvo monomers. Mapuroteni (tichienzanisa nedzimwe yeimwe) rusununguko zvimwe zvinokosha zvinhu. Chokutanga, masero aya Organic zvinhu makuru samolecular uremu. Somuenzaniso, mashoko samolecular kurema tsandanyama mapuroteni 15 00000 kDa, asi Somuenzaniso, ethyl doro - 46.

Senzira Polymers kwemapurotini vakawana amino acids vanenge makumi maviri. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane pachako nechivako yayo, zita, zvivako. Amino iine acid Morekuru Kunoumbwa zvikamu zviviri. Chimwe chikamu ndiro vose, uye unosanganisira carboxylic iine acid boka uye boka amino. Chimwe chikamu yakasiyana, uye anonzi "kukuru".

Mapuroteni nezvaanoita ane kunobva simba. Inside masero kuputsa kune amino acids yeimwe izvi. Vamwe vavo vari kushandiswa mapuroteni usage, apo mumwe chikamu kunosvika yakadzika kukamurwa rikurumidze. Muhafu yokupedzisira uye simba asunungurwa.

makabhohaidhiretsi

Izvi organics masero vanoumba sehydrogen, carbon uye okisijeni. makabhohaidhiretsi All akakamurwa monosaccharides uye polysaccharides. Svinga yokupedzisira mamorekuru nechokuita mumwe, kusunungura mvura. Saka, mumwe polysaccharide.

Makabhohaidhiretsi zvinosanganisirwa vatakuri enhaka mashoko - the nucleic acids.

lipids

boka iri rinosanganisira mafuta-zvakadai zvinokuvadza uye mafuta zvakananga. Lipids akasiyana yakarongeka. Zvisinei, vari vose rusununguko zvavo ehupfumi. Lipids vari insoluble nemvura, saka nyore soluble mu chloroform, benzene, Eteri nezvimwe zvinoita zvokufembedzwa.

Pamafuta emhuka mafuta-kufanana yeimwe zvinoita basa rinokosha. Huwandu lipid maererano yakaoma uremu - 5-15%. Saka mune dzimwe masero zvirimo rinosvika 90%. Fat ari mammalian mukaka zvose. In hadzi Dolphin Somuenzaniso, nhamba mafuta mumukaka - vanenge 40%.

nucleic acids

Zita yeimwe izvi zvinobviswa rechiLatin rokuti "Mwoyo wesero" (neerekitironi). Izvi zvinhu zvave kuzivikanwa uye zvepfungwa Fridrihom Misherom masero nucleated. dzinounzwa remubatanidzwa zvinosanganisira phosphorus uye senitrogen Muna 1869, gore zvipenyu Swiss.

Nucleic acids marefu samolecular uremu yeimwe. Ivo nechokwadi nokuchengetedzwa uye kupararira magene mashoko zvipenyu. biopolymers izvi vari aumba kubva monomer vamapoka nucleotides, izvo huri yakawanda. Nucleotides kuona huru zvechadenga chipenyu muviri.

DNA - polymeric Morekuru randinogara vakawanda monomers - deoxyribonucleotides. RNA ari polymer. The monomer mairi makabuda ribonucleotide.