Chii woga dose nemwaranzi?

Nyaya ino rakazvipira musoro woga mwaranzi dose (uye-ru), ionizing nemwaranzi dzavo mhando. Rine mashoko pamusoro kusiyana, hunhu, tsime, nzira computation, chairema nokuyerwa woga mwaranzi dose uye zvakawanda.

Pfungwa woga dose nemwaranzi

nemwaranzi dose - kukosha, iro rinoshandiswa sayenzi zvakadai wefizikisi uye radiobiology, kuti kuongorora matambudziko ionizing mwaranzi pamusoro mhando zvinyama zviri zvipenyu, metabolic dzavo pezvakaitwa, uyewo fuma. Chii anonzi woga dose nemwaranzi, chii chacho kukosha, chimiro uye kushanda zvakasiyana-siyana? Kunyanya ngachipiwe muchimiro nekuita pakati svikiro uye ionizing nemwaranzi, uye anonzi ionization maturo.

Kunyura dose nemwaranzi ine nzira uye zviyero ayo, uye kunzwisisa uye dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pezvakaitwa pasi nemwaranzi vaunze mumwe kusiyana nenzira woga dose.

Ionizing nemwaranzi fomu

Ionizing nemwaranzi - norwizi rakasiyana-siyana zvokutanga nezvimedu, photons kana zvimedu vanowanika somugumisiro fission renyukireya uye zvinogona kukonzera ionization yacho fuma. Ultraviolet nemwaranzi, uyewo anooneka chimiro chiedza ichi mhando nemwaranzi haushandi, sezvo havasi kusanganisira michini nemwaranzi chaibwinya ne mhando uye redhiyo evapambi, nokuda kwavo shoma simba hakuna kukwana kuti avake mabhomba uye samolecular ionization ari mukuru wehurumende.

Ionizing chimiro nemwaranzi, pezvawakaita uye zvinyorwa

The takabatikana dose kuti ionizing mwaranzi kuyerwa dzakasiyana zviumbu of SI, uye zvinoenderana yezvakaita mwaranzi. The Mhando kukosha nemwaranzi: wegamma mwaranzi, Beta nezvimedu uye maerekitironi, positrons, neutrons, Ionic (kusanganisira Arifa nezvimedu), X-ray, remagetsi mafungu vane pfupi (mukuru simba photons) uye muon.

Nature ionizing nemwaranzi anogona siyana zvikuru, Somuenzaniso, nomuzvarirwo chakaitika radionuclide kuora hunhu yenyukireya maitiro nzvimbo yemwaranzi chakagadzirwa radionuclides mhando zvenyukireya reactors, akisarareta pamusoro zvokutanga nezvimedu, uye kunyange midziyo aiendeswa X-ray.

Sei kugara ionizing nemwaranzi

Zvichienderana mashandiro naro nekutaurirana mumiririri uye ionizing nemwaranzi, zvinogona dzoga mhosva zvakananga nezvimedu iyerere mhando uye nemwaranzi akashanda zvisina kunanga, mune mamwe mazwi, photon kana hwepurotoni danda, kwavakarerekera nezvimedu ndokuyerera. inotungamirwa mudziyo kunoita kuti asarudze chikuru uye yechipiri muchimiro ionizing mwaranzi. Kunyura dose nemwaranzi kunotemwa maererano mhando nemwaranzi icho nefuma iri pasi, somuenzaniso, rova simba inoshanda dose mwaranzi kubva muchadenga paNyika pevhu, kunze pabutiro, ndiyo 0,036 mSv / h. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti mhando uye dose chipimo-ru uye ayo mwero kunoenderana kuwanda zvinhu zvinoverengeka, achitaura yepasi pose mwaranzi, uyewo zvinoenderana Latitude geomagnetic mhando uye nzvimbo loop gumi gore yokutenderera zuva basa.

Ionizing PARTICIPLE simba siyana iri zvinobva vaviri zviratidzi zana EV uye anouya zviratidzi 10 ^15-20 Erekitironi volts. Nzira urefu uye kupinda okufunga dzingasiyana zvikuru, uye siyana micrometers wandei kuzviuru makiromita kana kupfuura.

Familiarization pamwe ekisiposha dose

ionization zvazviri anoonekwa inokosha chinoratidza siyana nekuita ne zvakatipoteredza chiedza. In kwokutanga nguva paumbwe nemwaranzi dosimetry Anonyanyowanika vakadzidza uye-akaisa, ari remagetsi nemafungu izvo nhema mukati ultraviolet indekisi pakati uye wegamma nemwaranzi, nokuti kuti chichiri kupararira mudenga. Naizvozvo, munhu quantitative nechiyero nokuti nemwaranzi munda padanho mhepo ionization. chiyero ichi chaiva chikonzero pakusikwa dzokuteerera dose anofananidzira ionization dzedenga pasi kwomuzvarirwo mumhepo kumanikidzwa, mhepo pacharo rinofanira kuva rakaoma.

Kuonana nemwaranzi takabatikana dose zvinoshanda kuona nezvaanogona kuti ionizing mwaranzi kuti maekisirei uye wegamma-ray inobwinya simba inoratidza kuti vakatsungirira vatendeukire yakava kinetic nesimba mhosva inoramba iri uremu inorwara mumhepo mhepo.

Unit kubva nokuyerwa woga mwaranzi dose dzokupisa mhando - iri chinoumba pendant SI yakakamurwa makirogiramu (C / kg). Vorudzii kure-hurongwa chikwata - X-ray (R). Mumwe pendant / KG zvakafanana 3876 X-ray.

adsorbed uwandu

The woga dose of-ru ave tsanangudzo yakajeka, yava zvakakodzera kuti murume maererano siyana zvichibvira siyana dzokuteerera ane mwaranzi panguva zvinyama zvipenyu uye kunyange ezvirevo zvisina upenyu. Kuparidzira kuvazivisa siyana kwemarudzi uye ionizing-ru akaratidza kuti ukuru simba nezvainoita kunogona siyana chaizvo uye haisi pasi senguva tsananguro. Kukonzera makemikari mumuviri zvachinja zvinyama uye fuma pasi irradiation, aigona chete dzakananga mari woga simba ionizing nemwaranzi mhando. Kuwanda kutanga kuchinja izvi zvinoenderana pamusoro mhando nemwaranzi. Kunyura dose-ru uye ipapo nokuda kwechikonzero ichi. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi simba ukoshi riri pasi Absorção de Água chikwata uye fuma unoenderana ane ionizing mhando simba kuti aingofunga uye kurema yacho kana chinhu kuti absorbs nemwaranzi.

Chiyero wefodya dose kushandisa chikwata pfumbu (Gy) - chikamu SI ino. Imwe ndachena - ndiyo chitsama dose kuti anogona kushandisa mumwe gst boces kuti ionizing mwaranzi 1 kilogram uremu. Farai - kure-hurongwa chairema nechiyero kukosha 1 Gy anoenderana 100 rad.

The Wakanyura dose mu zvipenyu

Chakagadzirwa irradiation mhuka uye chirimwa munyama akanyatsoratidza kuti marudzi akasiyana-siyana nemwaranzi, ukuwo woga dose anogona zvakasiyana sei muviri uye zvose zvipenyu uye zvemakemikari pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa musiyano uwandu ions kunotangira chiedza uye inorema inoramba. Nokuti mumwe chete nzira pamwe Purotoni ions zvinyama anogona kusika kupfuura Erekitironi. The denser nezvimedu unganidzwa nokuda ionization, akasimba uchava nemwaranzi zvaparadza mumuviri, pasi chete woga dose. Ndiko maererano Fani iyi, musiyano musimba matambudziko emhando dzakasiyana nemwaranzi kusvika rinenge rave kwakamboitwa kushandisa zita rokuti nerokuti dose. Yakaenzana takabatikana nemwaranzi dose - ndiyo mashoko ari mwaranzi yakagamuchirwa muviri chinoratidza dzaona kuburikidza vachiwedzera ari woga dose uye zvikuru coefficient, rinonzi coefficient kuti hama zvoutachiona kushanda (RBE). Asi sezvazvakanyorwa kudanwa kuti unhu chinhu.

Unit kubva takabatikana mwaranzi dose noenderana mhando akayera muna SI, kureva muna sievert (Sv). Imwe Sv akaenzana runoenzanirana dose upi mwaranzi kuti wefodya nomumwe kilogram pakati zvoutachiona mavambo uye zvinyama kunokonzera chimwe chinhu yakaenzana 1 Gy nemwaranzi nokufumura ari photon mhando. Rem - kushandiswa sezvo extrasystematic kuyera utachiona chakarurama (unoenderana) kuti woga dose. 1 Sv unoenderana beram zana.

Chinobudirira dose fomu

Chinobudirira dose - chiyero mutengo, iro rinoshandiswa senzira nechiyero mukana kumberi migumisiro yokukanganisa dzevanhu, ayo nomumwe nhengo dzomuviri kubva zvinyama akaguma nezviremera. Izvi inorangarira radiosensitivity yake nomumwe. The takabatikana nemwaranzi dose yakaenzana zvibereko zvipenyu dose pane dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri panguva yairema coefficient.

Various dzevanhu nyama uye nhengo dzakasiyana nemwaranzi susceptibility. Vamwe miviri kunogona pane imwe ukoshi yakaenzana woga dose chakarurama pasi kunge panowanikwa kenza pane vamwe Somuenzaniso, mukana chirwere pakati thyroid idukusa mumapapu. Nekuti vanhu vanoshandisa chigaro ngozi nemwaranzi. CRE - inzira yokuziva dose-ru uye kunangana nhengo kana tishu. Summary exponent kuchinja muviri anobudirira dose rinowanikwa nevanhu vachiwedzera kuwanda chaienzanirana chaivo dose CRC zvakananga nhengo, nhengo dzomukati.

Pfungwa seboka dose

Pane pfungwa Absorção de Água of dose of boka riri vakaverenga nezvaunokoshesa ari muzvizhinji kubudirire mishonga zvimwe boka nyaya imwe nguva. Masvomhu zvinogona kuitwa chero misha, kusvikira hwose nyika kana makondinendi. Nokuti avhareji ichi kane chinobudirira dose uye uwandu nyaya pachena kuti nemwaranzi. indekisi kwakadaro kunoyerwa woga dose kushandisa murume-sievert (Sv pers.).

Kuwedzera pamusoro apa marudzi akazara dose, wakaparadzaniswa zvakare, kommitmentnuyu, nezvikumbaridzo, pamwe, kudzivirira, muganhu, zvipenyu dose Nyuturoni wegamma mhando nemwaranzi-inouraya mashoma.

The matambudziko dose uye chikwata

irradiation kuchinyanya paakati - the kuzvitsinhanisa zvimwe dose nemwaranzi pasi pokudzora vamwe nguva tambo chikwata. ukoshi ichi tinoberekwa musiyano dose (yakaenzana takabatikana, et unto.) Tinosiyaniswa nguva chikwata. Kune vazhinji tsika yakagadzirwa dzakabatana.

Kunyura dose nemwaranzi iri pakutsvaga nzira uye yakakodzera chaiyo mhando woga mwaranzi chitsama mwaranzi (zvipenyu, zvakawanda, kuratidzwa, etc.). Kune nzira dzakawanda pakuverenga vavo kwakavakirwa kwemasvomhu mitemo yakasiyana, uye kushandisa dzakasiyana chipimo dzakabatana. Mienzaniso yakayerwa dzakabatana vari:

1. Chinokosha chimiro - Gray-kilogram muna SI ino kunoonekwa mune rad-magiramu.
2. Yakaenzana mhando - sievert muna SI ino kunoyerwa - mu rems.
3. Kuonana mhando - pendant-kilogram muna SI ino kunoyerwa - mu X-ray.

Pane dzimwe chipimo zviumbu zvakafanana mamwe marudzi ari woga mwaranzi dose.

zvakawanikwa

Kuongorora nyaya idzi, tinogona kugumisa kuti kune mhando zhinji, uye vose ionizing-ru uye siyana nezvainoita kwayo pamusoro pafuma zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu. Vose vari kuyerwa, sezvo mutemo, muna SI zviyero, uye mumwe mhando unoenderana imwe gadziriro uye asiri mugadziriro tambo chikwata. Source wavo anogona kuva zvakasiyana-siyana, vose dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa, uye nemwaranzi pacharo unokosha chaivo basa.