Kuiisa chlorine oxide

Oxides kana oxides-siyana zvinhu anonzi remubatanidzwa pamwe oxygen. Anenge zvose zvinhu zvinoumba yeimwe yakadaro. Chloro, uyewo mamwe halogens, inozivikanwa munyika yeimwe dzakadaro dzakanaka oxidation mamiriro. All oxides kuiisa chlorine vari aiminama zvinhu, izvo zvinoita kuti oxides ose halogens. Four anozivikanwa fuma ane mamorekuru zvine kuiisa chlorine uye oxygen.

1. Gaseous remubatanidzwa kubva yero kuti yakatsvukuruka ruvara ine maitiro kunhuwa (kwakanaka nowenyika Cl2 gasi) - kuiisa chlorine oxide (I). Chemical fomura Cl2O. Utsotso pfungwa kubvisa 116 ° C, achibika tembiricha + 2 ° C. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, ayo arambe achirema akaenzana 3.22 makirogiramu / m³.
2. Yellow kana Orange-yellow gasi ane maitiro kwakanaka - kuiisa chlorine oxide (IV). Chemical fomura ClO2. Utsotso nguva kubvisa 59 ° C, kubika pfungwa pamwe 11 ° C.
3. The dzvuku mashava mvura - kuiisa chlorine oxide (VI). Chemical fomura Cl2O6. Utsotso pfungwa pamwe 3,5 ° C, kubika pfungwa pamwe 203 ° C.
4. Hauoneki jikichira mvura - kuiisa chlorine oxide (VII). Chemical fomura Cl2O7. Utsotso pfungwa kubvisa 91,5 ° C, kubika pfungwa pamwe 80 ° C.

Oxide kuiisa chlorine oxidation mamiriro +1 anhydride simba monobasic hypochlorous asidhi (HClO). Wakagadzirwa nzira yayo Peluso mercuric oxide ne maitiro kuiisa chlorine gasi maererano mumwe kuita equations: 2Cl2 + 2HgO → Cl2O + Hg2OCl2 kana 2Cl2 + HgO → Cl2O + HgCl2. yerera ezvinhu aya akasiyana siyana. Kuiisa chlorine oxide (I) iri yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa vari tembiricha yakadzikira kusvika pa-60 ° C nokuti tembiricha yakakwirira nayo uchiora nokunganduma kune simba, uye kuramba muchimiro chiri putika. Cl2O aqueous mhinduro yaunganidzwa chlorination mumvura kana alkali carbonates, pasi alkaline simbi. Oxide urwa zvakanaka mvura, sezvamakaropafadzwa hypochlorous asidhi aumbwa: Cl2O + H2O ↔ 2HClO. Uyezve, zviri zvazvichanyungudutswa kabhoni tetrachloride.

Oxide kuiisa chlorine oxidation mamiriro +4 zvimwe anozivikanwa dioxide. Izvi zvinhu akanga ichiputswa mumvura, sulfuric uye acetic acids, acetonitrile, carbon tetrachloride, uye zvimwe zvinoita zvokufembedzwa muwanze polarity iyo anowedzera solubility kwayo. Murabhoritari ndezvevakazvigadzirirwa nokuda zvokuverengera potassium chlorate pamwe oxalic asidhi: 2KClO3 + H2C2O4 → K2CO3 + 2ClO2 + CO2 + H2O. Sezvo kuiisa chlorine oxide (IV) chiri putika fuma, hazvigoni inochengetwa mhinduro. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, silica rinoshandiswa, musi uyo pemvura iri adsorbed muchimiro ClO2 inogona kuchengetwa kwenguva refu, kunyange zvazvo vasingakwanisi kubvisa kusvibisa ayo kuiisa chlorine netsvina, nokuti haisi yokuita zvinoitwa silica gel. In maindasitiri ezvinhu ClO2 yakagadzirwa rutapudzo nesarufa yakasviba pamberi sulfuric acid, yavaibvisa chlorate: 2NaClO3 + SO2 + H2SO4 → 2NaHSO4 + 2ClO2. Richishandiswa sechinhu dhibi, semuenzaniso, bepa kana cellulose, nezvimwewo, uyewo sterilizing uye disinfecting zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.

Oxide kuiisa chlorine oxidation mamiriro +6, izvozvo uchiora maererano maitiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga pamusoro utsotso: Cl2O6 → 2ClO3. Wakagadzirira kuiisa chlorine oxide (VI) oxidizing kuti ozone yakasviba: 2O3 + 2ClO2 → 2O2 + Cl2O6. oxide ichi anokwanisa kuita pamwe alkaline mhinduro uye mvura. Muchiitiko ichi mumwe disproportionation maitiro kuitika. Somuenzaniso, achishandisa maitiro pamwe potassium hydroxide: 2KOH + Cl2O6 → KClO3 + KClO4 + H2O, mugumisiro akawana chlorate uye potassium perchlorate.

Higher oxide kuiisa chlorine anonziwo dihlorogeptaoksid kuiisa chlorine kana anhydride ane simba oxidant. It anokwanisa nembambo kana putika kana neshungu. Zvisinei, fuma iri itsige kupfuura oxides ari oxidation wehurumende +1 uye +4. Disintegration kuti kuiisa chlorine uye okisijeni iri nokukurumidza nokuvapo ezasi oxides uye tembiricha rinobuda kubva 60 kusvika 70 ° C. Kuiisa chlorine oxide (VII) anokwanisa zvishoma nezvishoma soluble mumvura inotonhora, kunoguma zvakaitwa unobereka chloric asidhi: H2O + → Cl2O7 2HClO4. Dihlorogeptaoksid vakazvigadzirirwa muchidziisa zvinyoronyoro perchloric asidhi pamwe phosphoric anhydride: P4O10 + 2HClO4 → Cl2O7 + H2P4O11. Cl2O7 anogona kuwanikwa vachishandisa oleum pachinzvimbo phosphorus pentoxide.

Section inorganic wekemisitiri, izvo inodzidza halogen oxides, kusanganisira oxides, kuiisa chlorine, akatanga kukura nokukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura, kubva yeimwe ava simba nyanyisa. Vanokwanisa combustors ndege kuchinjwa simba pakarepo uye kwemakemikari kuitika zvinyorwa kumhanya ayo hazviiti anogona kudzorwa. Chimwe chikonzero mubereko - zvingangoguma synthesizing mapoka matsva inorganic yeimwe, semuenzaniso, kuiisa chlorine oxide (VII) ndiye tateguru perchlorates.