Perchloric asidhi - Properties, Production uye kushanda. zvokungwarira

Perchloric asidhi (HClO4 payakavakirwa) - iri monobasic asidhi anhydrous. Rine kuiisa chlorine (Cl) iri yepamusoro oxidation wehurumende, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ndiro oxidizer akasimba. Putika.

Properties perchloric asidhi

1. Iri yainge mvura pasina ruvara, yakawanda utsi iri mumhepo, monomer vari vaviri vaviri. Kugadzikana uye reactionary chaizvo. To ichi asidhi mamirire avtodegidratatsiya:

3HClO4 = H3O + (nokuo- nga) + ClO- (anion) + Cl2O7 (kuiisa chlorine monoxide)

2. fuma Izvi nyore soluble mune chlorinated uye organofluorine zvokufembedzwa akadai CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), uye vamwe. Rakasangana nevamwe zvokufembedzwa uye Exhibits kwomuviri, zvachero kukurukurwa kungaita kuputika kana moto.

3. Zvakanaka yakavhenganiswa nemvura (H2O) chero kukura. Unoumba hydrates wandei. Nekutsvaga zvingaitwa kuti asidhi iyi vane zvishoma jikichira kusachinja-chinja. Izvi aqueous iine acid mhinduro ine kutsiga zvakanaka uye pasi oxidizing kugona. Nemvura tiri kufunga fuma unoumba chinhu azeotrope iyo panguva tembiricha kuti 203 madhigirii mamota uye rine 72 muzana HClO4.

4. Perchloric asidhi (HClO4 payakavakirwa) mumwe akasimba acids. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kwayo acidic ezvinhu dzimwe yeimwe vazvibate sezvinoita zvigadziko.

5. The akaderedza kumanikidzwa manyoro muchidziisa musanganiswa perchloric asidhi pamwe phosphoric anhydride vakaumba Hauoneki jikichira mvura - kuiisa chlorine yakasviba:

2HClO4 (perchloric acid) + P4O10 (phosphoric anhydride) = Cl2O7 (kuiisa chlorine yakasviba) + H2P4O11

Nzira achigadzirira

1. Aqueous zvingaitwa kuti mumiririri ichi inogona kugadzirwa nenzira mbiri. Chokutanga electrochemical oxidation kuti kuiisa chlorine kana hydrochloric asidhi mu pfungwa yokushanda hydrochloric acid, uye wechipiri - iri kaviri manyowa kubva yavaibvisa perchlorate kana potassium inorganic acids simba.

2. anhydrous perchloric asidhi kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira mbiri, zvakare. Wokutanga ine zvokuverengera potassium perchlorate (K) kana yavaibvisa (Na) pamwe sulfuric asidhi mu pfungwa yokushanda chimiro, uye wechipiri - iri kudyidzana pamwe oleum ane aqueous mhinduro pamusoro perchloric asidhi:

KClO4 (aqueous mhinduro kubva perchloric acid) + H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) = KHSO4 (potassium hydrogensulfate) + HClO4 (perchloric acid)

Kushandisa perchloric asidhi

- kuramba zvingaitwa inowanzoshandiswa kuwana perchlorates (munyu pamusoro acids), uye muna Analytical kemisitiri;

- perchloric asidhi rinoshandiswa manyowa kuti ores sezvo anowedzera uye Kuongororwa zvicherwa;

- potassium perchlorate (Formula: KClO4), mumwe munyu asidhi ichi, rinoshandiswa pakusika zvinoputika, uye magnesium perchlorate (anhydrone, MG (ClO4) 2) rinoshandiswa sezvo desiccant.

Safety kubasa

Perchloric acid, anhydrous haagoni refu kuchengetwa uye zvifambiswe sapane mwero ezvinhu zviri nokukurumidza akafumuka uye anogona zvadaro nomuzvarirwo putika.

Other kuiisa chlorine tubhokisi inorganic asidhi:

1. Hydrochloric asidhi (Formula: HCl) - monobasic asidhi simba, kungatikanganisa, fuming mura mhepo. Zvakarurama electroforming (pickling, etching) uye hydrometallurgy, nokuti kuchenesa simbi panguva tinning uye pokunamatidza kubereka manganese chloride, zingi, simbi uye dzimwe simbi. fuma zvokudya indasitiri rinonyoreswa sezvokudya chirungiso E507.

2. Hypochlorous asidhi (Formula: HClO) - simba chaizvo monobasic acid. Unogona chete zviripo mhinduro. Kushandiswa utsanana zvinangwa uyewo bleaching Textiles uye pulp.

3. chlorous asidhi (HClO2) - svikiro simba monobasic acid. Ko kusagadzikana zvayo yakasununguka chimiro, kazhinji akafumuka nokukurumidza mune sanganisa aqueous mhinduro. The anhydride pamusoro asidhi ichi vachiri kuzivikanwa.

4. chloric asidhi (HClO3) - monobasic asidhi simba. Not kuwana murusununguko chimiro, sezvo anoputsa mu pfungwa yokushanda mhinduro. In aqueous zvinogadzirisa, kune dzimwe wevasungwa yakaderera pane 30 muzana. Quite kugadzikana panguva yakaderera tembiricha.