Mirayiridzo ipi inoratidza North Star, uye sei kuwana mune denga rizere nenyeredzi?

zvichida North Star ndeimwe inonyanyoshandiswa kutaurwa miviri. Kutaura nezvazvo mumapeji ingano muna nomugungwa manotsi, tsvakurudzo. Mukurumbira wake kunyange nyeredzi mukurumbira vanosungirwa pakutanga kuti mirayiridzo kunoratidza North Star. ainyatsokwanisa Its kwemazana emakore kubatsira Vafambi kufamba zvose nomugungwa uye nenyika. Uyezve, rine basa kuziva madaro ari muchadenga akazaruka dzezvimwe, uye saka ndiyo chinhu ongororo dzakawanda dzesayenzi. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

kutamba nyeredzi

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wokuti chii mirayiridzo inoratidza North Star, ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe rima panzvimbo iri zvekufungidzira zvomuchadenga bhora. Kana ukatarisa nyeredzi kubva Earth, zvinoita sokuti vari kungopembera nyika, zvino kunyura pazasi pajengachenga, ipapo dzichiuya zvekare. Mifananidzo, akatorwa pamwe anonoke shutter akurumidze, kamera anogona kuonekwa kuti chiedza mberi dzeraundi nzira dzakasiyana dhayamita. The maduku ndivo, ari pedyo danda nenyeredzi zvomuchadenga bhora. In pakati madenderedzwa inoumbwa kufamba kwenyeredzi dziri kuNorthern Hemisphere chinhu chaiyo pfungwa. Uyu ndiye North Star, kana, sezvo rainzi vamwe vanhu, ivo Northern Nail Wandinyengedzerei-nyeredzi Iron kana Heavenly Number, Golden Pile.

Features mbuva

Dimikira "chipikiri" kwazvo: kana tikaramba zvekufungidzira simbi shamhu kubva "chivharo" zviri nyore kunzwisisa izvo mirayiridzo kunoratidza North Star. Izvi "chipikiri" rinobaya nyika chaiyo panguva North Pole, ichipfuura ose nechomukati akaturikidzana yepasi, uye anoonekazve panguva South Pole. Saka, Polaris mudenga iri kuwedzera pasi akabatana. Kubva North Pole riri akaparadzaniswa asingasviki 1º.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti North Star zvinofamba nenzira sezvo vamwe Zvinovheneka. nzvimbo yake inoita yatarwa kwatiri hwakabatana nechinzvimbo pamusoro akabatana ari rakazotevera. Pashure pezvose, Chokwadi, zvikuru akurumidze inofamba nyeredzi imhaka kwete chete kune avo racho, asi vachishandisa kutenderera nyika. Kuita ritenderere ayo akabatana, Panyika anotendeukira nyeredzi ndeimwe, ipapo mhiri. Chete zviedza iri pamusoro namatanda, nguva dzose kuona chete chikamu pemvura. Nenzira, panguva South Pole uyewo ane polar nyeredzi - Sigma Octantis, asi aziya chaizvo zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe. Zvisinei, pashure penguva, zvinhu zvinogona kuchinja.

Post akapfuura - pambiru akatora

North Star inoratidza nhungamiro kuchamhembe kubva gore 1100 AD. Sezvo pedyo sezvazviri danda wenyika chete muna 2100, uye ipapo kuminyuka kure. Kubvira pakutanga nguva sezvo musoro Pointer wabva mumwe chiedza mumwe. Izvi imhaka kwakakodzera inofamba nyeredzi, uyewo Chiitiko ari precession kuti akabatana Wepasi. Zvekufungidzira tsvimbo kuboora nyika, ari ichifamba: zvishoma nezvishoma rakatenderedzwa. Chikonzero iri peculiarities dzenyika rakamira uye simba regiravhiti. Akabatana anomhanya imwe pamakumbo kwemakore 26,000 makore.

About 15 zviuru apfuura mune basa muNorthern Nail akaita Vega, chakajeka pfungwa yacho Lyra renyeredzi. Uye pashure Pasati zviuru 11 makore, iye zvakare anotora nzvimbo iyi. Panzvimbo North Star munguva pfupi ichauya Alrai (wegamma Akai), ichava muna 3200 gore. Muna 5000, kuti Beta Alrai kutsiva chete renyeredzi, Beta Akai, uye ipapo, pane 6500-m, - Alderamin (Alfa Cep). 8,500 uye 13.000 makore pakati nzvimbo Pole Star kutora Deneb uye Sadr kubva renyeredzi Cygnus.

How kuwana North Star?

The womumhuri kubva kuchamhembe kuyeuka imwe kuramba chaizvo ngano kunotangira mukurumbira wake uye mukurumbira. Kunenge kuti nyeredzi kuti miromo vose vanofanira kuva, kana kwete chakajeka mudenga, dzinenge kudarika vamwe vakawanda. Zvisinei, hazvisi. North Star iri muna renyeredzi Ursa Minor uye pakati nedzimwe nyeredzi dzaro mamiriro zvechokwadi inomira kunze. Pane zvakarongwa pamusoro kupfuura unoshamisa pfungwa yose denga usiku zvinotoda 46TH nzvimbo chete. Saka zvinokosha kuziva sei kuwana North Star.

Huru dzinokosha - ndicho Huru Dipper. Renyeredzi inozivikanwa anenge munhu wose kubva pauduku. Kuona Northern Nail kudiwa kubatanidza pfungwa imwe mutsetse maviri yokunyanyisa nyeredzi Big Dipper - Dubge uye Merak. Kana tikaramba rwonzi rwokuyera kure pamusoro akaenzana zvikamu zvishanu pakati Dubge uye Merak, ipapo ndichakuzivisa kurara uye Polar Star. Zvinonzi korona neboka muswe kuti Ursa Minor.

How kufamba nomunzvimbo of North Star?

Kubvira ipapo, sezvo North chipikiri yaiva pedyo namatanda zvenyika, yaishandiswa sezvo imwe guide. North Star inoratidza nechokuchamhembe, uye kunyange zvakawanda rakarurama pane nekambasi. Kuona kurutivi chiedza panguva iyoyowo nyore. Unofanira kudonhedzera munhu perpendicular kuna pechiso North Star. Kana mumire kutarisana naye, South ichange yakanyatsoenzana shure kumabvazuva - kurudyi, kumavirira - kuruboshwe.

Kwete chete kuti, Nyeredzi yoKumaodzanyemba inoratidza nhungamiro kuchamhembe, zviri zvakare rairatidza nenzvimbo Latitude. Kuti uone kukosha kuyera kureba chiedza pamusoro jengachenga. Rezasi mutengo, kuti pedyo neequator. Panguva North Pole Polar Star riri pamusoro-soro. At neequator, sezvo anenge merges pamwe jengachenga. Kureva kuziva pakona pakati North Star uye jengachenga nenzira rwokumusoro, vafambisi vechikepe remakore rapfuura kufamba nomunzvimbo, yakagadzirwa uye kugadzirisa nzira.

Dzimwe nyika dzomuchadenga dzine

Pamusoro penzvimbo nzvimbo ine zvakafanana vazhinji vedu North Star. Yadzo dzichitenderera akabatana ane yokusafa pfuma yose mapuraneti, uye naizvozvo, kana tichicherechedza kufamba nyeredzi avo pamusoro, zviri nyore kuwana yatarwa pfungwa, achiratidza North uye South nematanda. For Mercury, somuenzaniso, polar nyeredzi - Omicron Ophiuchus, wokumaodzanyemba kwayo ishamwari - Alfa renyeredzi rokupenda. Kune North chipikiri uye Moon - a Delta Dorado.

The ukoshi nokuti asitironomi

North Star, kana Alpha Ursa Minor, ane rose akagadzirwa zvinhu zvinoita rakasiyana. Pakati pavo - periodic pulsations, vachibvumira chiedza kuti anonzi mukirasi Cepheids. Ivo dzinoratidzwa nokuchinja kupenya, tembiricha uye kukura. Nguva pulsation of North Star - 3,97 mazuva. Panguva iyoyo pamwe Earth anochinja oneka chivheneke.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti pane kubatana pakati pulsation nguva Cepheids uye luminosity. Zvakaitika kuti yakareba nguva, zvikuru uye luminosity. reshiyo ichi chinoshandiswa nezvenyeredzi kuona chinhambo kusvika kure chinhu. Sezvo North Star - the pedyo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, Cepheid, basa rayo hazvigoni dzakanaka vari Masvomhu, kunyanya kana ukafunga kuti muwanze kure kubva nyeredzi periodic mashoko zvakarurama ipfupi.

tsika

pfuma iyi North Star riveted pfungwa nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda. Munguva yokudzidza, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa kuti North chipikiri - Cepheid zvakaoma. ripples ayo mamirire: zvishoma nezvishoma kufa kunze. Pakupera rokupedzisira remakore zvakanga zvakajairika kubvuma ndechokuti pakutanga 2000 kuti nyeredzi zvigume kuva Cepheid, izvo kumbobvira zvaitika munhau nesayenzi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika: muna 1993, pulsation amplitude kusiyana rakamira. Uyezve, munguva ino nyeredzi yakava kujeka kubudikidza 15%.

nzvimbo kusaverengeka

Kuziva daro zvinhu kure vanoshandisa mashoko pamusoro luminosity uye nzvimbo Cepheids zvose pedyo. Tichishandisa nzira iyi wokutanga kota remakore rapfuura, yakakurumbira Edvin Habbl akatsunga daro kuti ari Andromeda nebula , uye akaratidza nezvokuvapo nemamwe mapoka enyeredzi. Nhasi, inobva nzira kuverenga kukura vakawanda "Commonwealth" akatisiyira. Zvinonzi inobva kunzwisisa kuitwa rapanzvimbo zvakasikwa.

Small "asi"

The hove ndechokuti zvevakomana hapana vakawanda nekubvirana pasi kure kusvikira North Star. Chakagamuchirwa nokuda mufananidzo 400 nechiedza-makore duku kure, vakagamuchira Satellite "Hipparcos" muna 1990. Zvisinei, pakutanga izvi remakore, kuongororwa uku kuchinja: kutanga, yakanga yava kusvika 330, ipapo chakawedzera kusvika 359 chiedza makore. Pakupedzisira, muna 2012, David Turner akaisa mberi pfungwa itsva - 323 chiedza-makore.

Sezvatotaurwa, kuti Polar Star - the pedyo zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri Cepheid. Tiine rutapudzo kana nokuwedzera kure nayo uye vakachinja maonero atinoita yepasi pose pose. Kuderedza kukosha kwete chete zvinoita zvishoma pedyo nyeredzi uye mapoka enyeredzi, asiwo kunokanganisa tinyatsonzwisisa kukura wezvose. Kujekeswa kure kusvikira North Star achaita pachako kugadzirisa ayo rapanzvimbo pezvakasikwa vakanzwisisa simba kuti kuona kukosha mukanyiwa rima nyaya, aigona kutungamirira amboshandurirwa nemamwe dzidziso pakuwedzera wezvose.

ezvemuchadenga zvinhu

Izvi zvinoratidza mirayiridzo North Star, seboka kunotsamira zvishomanana pane zvimwe zvayo yepasi pose zvivako. Zvisinei, vanogona kunzi kudzikamisa nomwero uvheneke saka zvakakosha nyika wekushandisa mwenje.

North Star ndiye chichiwedzera kupfuura zuva. Nderake boka supergiant ane nharaunda kupfuura zuva 46 nguva. Northern Nail luminosity 2500 nguva kupfuura yakafanana parameter kuti nyeredzi yedu.

Asi kwete ndizvo zvose: Polaris haisi nyeredzi chete. It chikamu kwegadziriro yenyeredzi matatu, iyo akasiyana pakukura uye wakachena. A polar - nechepakati ezvinhu, imwe supergiant, pamusoro chaizvo kure ndiro polar V. nyeredzi iyi iduku zvikuru uye kwayo uremu - 1,39 chete solar (guru Polaris A - 4.5 kwezuva). Very pedyo shamwari yayo Supergiants iri, Polar Ab (1,26 Sun uremu). Nokuda kure duku raiparadzanisa Zvinovheneka mbiri, "shamwari unozvininipisa" kwenguva refu asichawanikwi. mufananidzo wake aigona kuwanikwa chete teresikopu "Hubble".

Zvakaratidza, kwete chete izvo unoratidza North Star, inoita nemamwe mudenga. Custom Cepheid, uye ternary hurongwa, izvozvo inoremekedzwa pfungwa vanoongorora nyeredzi dzakawanda. Uye anotarisa chokufananidzira chaizvo. Kwenguva refu munhoroondo inoenda North Star (zvichiratidza nzira kwayo) kubatsira nomugungwa kuburikidza usiku munyanza expanses, kana munzvimbo yausingazivi.

Nhasi, kana, pane zvakasikwa zviratidzi vachiri dzinowanzotaura siyana mano nemidziyo, Polaris anoramba Risingakanganwiki muchadenga. Uye kunyange North chipikiri yake itsva basa hariratidzi mirayiridzo uye chinobatsira kuziva chinhambwe, kukosha kwayo uye kukosha kwevanhu uye zvesayenzi yose haina ipfupi. Uye nekuti vaongorori vari kushanda musi chaiwo tsanangudzo sei North Star kubva Sun, nei anopera pulsation kwayo, uye regai kuteerera diki ichi, uye kunyange wakarurama, ari pfungwa kungoti mucherechedzi panyika, nyeredzi.