Phenomenological evanhu

Phenomenological evanhu - rudzi weupirikiri evanhu, izvo vamiriri maitiro nzanga kutanga kuti wakasikwa uye kunoramba anosikwa mumweya kuwadzana nevanhu. Phenomenological Uzivi rakaumbwa ne Edmund Husserl. Kutevera pave okunyanyisa pfungwa, aida kusika uzivi kuti ingadai nyaya kunobva kwedu ruzivo uye ruzivo. Aidavira kuti ruzivo sayenzi iri kuramba vakanyarara kubva chokwadi, uye kuti yokukurukurirana mhando iyi angadzorera phenomenology. Pashure pemakore 50 Husserl kuti nharo rave richishandiswa nedzimwe evanhu akawanda uye anokanda panguva kuchaitwa hwakagadzwa evanhu pfungwa, kunyanya pamusoro STRUCTURAL functionalism, iyo yainzi sezvo kubviswa evanhu upenyu uye ruzivo.

Phenomenological Uzivi sayenzi rave vakadzidza uye mumwe murume akakurumbira - Alfredom Shyuts, uyo aiva mudzidzi Edmund Husserl. Vachikurudzirwa rokufananidzira interactionism uye pfungwa yacho American pragmatic dzidziso A.Shyuts akaedza chokubatanidza izvi zviviri chete phenomenological kunzwisisa kuti zvakajeka mukuita basa rake guru - ". The phenomenology kwemarongerwe evanhu nyika" Chimwe chinokosha phenomenological munzanga tsvakurudzo ndiro basa Berger uye T.Lukmana "Social Kuvaka Reality." Kuvamba basa ravo ndiwo phenomenological kuongorora ruzivo ose, izvo zvinenge nguva tinoberekwa achitaipa. Chaizvoizvo, ruzivo anogara kutungamirirwa mhinduro zvinetso siyana hunobatsira. Ipapo Berger uye Luckman nharo kuti hunobatsira ruzivo rinobudiswa nevanhu vari kunetsekana yose muviri kwezivo zvinoberekwa nevamwe.

The chidzoke of phenomenological evanhu mune mabhuku kakawanda chokuita pavanotaurirana pamusoro positivism, naturalism, STRUCTURAL functionalism pamwe empiricism. Kusvika pamwero ichi ichokwadi. Asi, kuti kuratidza phenomenological evanhu, pakanga zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokosha, zvimwe raiva pfungwa zvose evanhu nesayenzi. Chimwe chikonzero chikuru - kudiwa kuongorora magariro nyika sebhanditiwo, anonzi zuva nezuva, nyika wacho. Muchiitiko chino, pane chinorehwa munhu anogona kunzwa, ruzivo, uye vanoedza kuita chinhu. On hwaro ichi, magariro nyika, sezvo nyaya Sociological tsvakurudzo, kukava nyika kuzviitira ruzivo, mune mamwe mashoko, vakaramba nyika. Zvino magariro nyika - nyika mupenyu vanhu vane zviito vane kuzviitira zvaanoreva uye vari zvachose novimba avo zvinhu, zvine chokuita navo. Heino nyika upenyu uye aifanira kudzidza phenomenological evanhu.

Modern Phenomenology muna evanhu, uye zvikurukuru vatsigiri vayo, rinotungamirirwa ndechokuti kunze (kwokunze) nyika kwevanhu kunokonzerwa pakusika chavanoziva. Pasina vachiramba kuvapo chinangwa nyika, masayendisiti anoongorora magariro evanhu vanotenda kuti zviri kuva zvakakosha vanhu chete kana chaizvo kurinzwisisa, uye kana zvinoitika chinangwa kwokunze vanhu yomukati kuzviitira. Muchiitiko chino, vanhu ndinoona nyika kunyange mananara ayo, kureva kutanga. Phenomenological evanhu munyika iyi ane chinangwa chikuru - kutsvaga, kunzwisisa uye kuziva kuti vanhu vari akarayira (muronga) mananara vakanzwisisa nyika mupfungwa dzako uye kushandura ruzivo rwavo zvenyika muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. The nani kugadzirisa dambudziko rakadaro, pamwe phenomenological evanhu akashandisa evanhu zivo. Saka, phenomenological evanhu anofarira chinangwa nyika kwete zvikuru evanhu urongwa uye mananara, zvikuru nzira nyika uye vakawanda ezvirevo kuonesesa vanhuwo muupenyu hwavo. Ndokusaka Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti vatsigiri ichi muitiro ane zvinotevera chinangwa - kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa nyika yaro pakunamata kuvapo.