Permittivity

polarizability zvinhu rukoko kunoratidzwa chaiyo kukosha, unonzi dielectric permittivity. Chimbofunga kworudzii ukoshi.

Kufunga kuti yunifomu munda kuchinyanya pakati vaviri mhosva mahwendefa Vacuum yakaenzana E₀. Zvino kuzadza chero musiyano uri pakati dielectric. Electric mhosva, iro achaonekwa ari muganhu pakati dielectric uye muitisi nokuda kwayo polarization maturo zvishoma neutralized mhosva Panhivi. Kuwanda E munda kusimba kunova zvishoma E₀.

Experience zvinoratidza kuti kana achizadza musiyano uri pakati anotevedzana matete vakaenzana dielectrics, munda zvikuru achasiyana. Saka, kuziva ukama pakati kusimba yemagetsi munda kwamahwendefa pasina dielectric E₀ uye E iri pamberi dielectric, zvinokwanisika kuti kuona polarizability, i.e. ayo dielectric rusingaperi. Izvi uwandu kakawanda runotaurwa rechiGiriki tsamba ԑ (epsilon). Somugumisiro, tinogona kunyora:

ԑ = E₀ / E.

Permittivity inoratidza kuti nguva zhinji munda simba mhosva Data ari insulator (homogeneous) kuva zvishoma kupfuura vacuüm it.

Kuderedza simba nekuita pakati kupomerwa anokonzerwa dzinotsanagura polarization yacho svikiro. In wemagetsi munda, maerekitironi ari maatomu uye mamorekuru kuderedzwa panyaya ions, uye pane imwe dipole nguva. kureva mamorekuru avo kuti ane dipole nguva (kunyanya mvura mamorekuru), nezvatinovavarira mu wemagetsi mumunda. Nguva idzi kusika pachavo yemagetsi munda wavo kuti anofumura munda kuti akaita chitarisiko chavo. Somugumisiro, nhamba yemagetsi munda ipfupi. In minda duku Fani iyi inotsanangurwa nenzira yokuti dielectric rusingaperi.

Below ndiyo permittivity iri Vacuum pamusoro zvinhu:

Air ................................. 1,0006 ....

Paraffin .............................. .... 2

Plexiglas (Plexiglas) ...... 3-4

Ebonite ................................. .. ... 4

Porcelain ................................. .... 7

Glass .............................. .. ...... .4-7

Mica ................................. .. ... .4-5

Silk munhu wechisikigo ............ 4-5

Pabhodhi .............................. 6-7

Amber .............................. ... ...... 12.8

Water .................................... ... ... .81

Izvi zvinhu permittivity tsika anoreva tembiricha mukati 18-20 ° C. Saka dielectric kugara nezvishoma-siyana zvishoma chete tembiricha, kunze vari ferroelectrics.

Mukupesana, izvozvo zvinoderedza gasi nokuda kuwedzera tembiricha uye kuwedzera nokuda kuwedzera kufurirwa. In tsika, kuti dielectric kugara mhepo chinobviswa somunhu.

Netsvina riri shoma kuvabatsira nenhanho dielectric kugara zvinwiwa.

Kana vaviri zvemasanga pfungwa kupomera muNzvimbo insulator, munda kusimba kunotangira nechimwe kupomerwa panguva apo mumwe mutariri zvinoderedza nguva ԑ. Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti simba nako kupomerwa izvi kushamwaridzana mumwe, sapamazuva ԑ nguva shoma. Saka, murayiro Coulomb kwakaita mhosva muNzvimbo dielectric kunopiwa:

F = (q₁q₂) / (ԑₐr²).

muna SI zvidzidzo :

F = (q₁q₂) / (4πԑₐr²)

apo F - ndiro simba nekuita, q₁ uye q₂, - uwandu mhosva ԑ - ndicho mhedziso permittivity ari svikiro, D - daro pakati pfungwa mhosva.

Ԑ kusanganiswa ukoshi kunogona kuratidzwa zvemasanga dzakabatana (hama paMhedziso kukosha Vacuum permittivity ԑ₀). The ukoshi ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ akadana hama permittivity. Rinotaura kangani nesungano pakati kupomerwa iri isingaperi homogeneous svikiro iri kudzikira kupfuura vari Vacuum; ԑ = ԑₐ / ԑ₀ anowanzonzi zvakaoma dielectric rusingaperi. Ԑ₀ kusanganiswa kukosha, uye ayo divi riri novimba mhando vezvikwata anosarudzwa; uye ukoshi ԑ - akazvimirira. Saka, munyika ԑ₀ esu = 1 (ichi chikuru chechina chikwata); The SI Vacuum permittivity kunoratidzwa:

ԑ₀ = 1 / (4π˖9˖10⁹) farad / mita = 8,85˖10⁻¹² f / M (munyika ino iri ԑ₀ rinobva ukoshi).