Pfungwa photosynthesis: uone uye unonzwisisika vana. Photosynthesis: chiedza nerima maitikiro

How kutsanangura kunzwisisa muitiro akadai photosynthesis, zvipfupi uye unonzwisisika? Plants ndizvo zvinenge chete mupenyu kuti unogona kubereka zvokudya zvavo pachavo. Sei kuzviita? Nokuti kukura zvinomera vanogamuchira zvakafanira zvose zvinhu kubva kwezvakatipoteredza: carbon dioxide inobvisa - kubva mumhepo, mvura uye zvokudya - kubva muvhu. Vanodawo simba, iyo akawana kubva chiedza chezuva. simba Izvi zvinokonzera zvimwe siyana namakemikari umo carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura dziri dzikwanise shuga (simba) uye oxygen. Izvi photosynthesis. Muchidimbu uye zvakajeka tsanangura musimboti kwacho kunogona kunyange chikoro-zera vana.

"Pamwe chete chiedza"

Shoko "photosynthesis" rinobva Mashoko echiGiriki maviri - ". Pamwe chiedza" "Photo" uye "kwetunhu", mubatanidzwa rinoreva Mune nedanho photosynthesis, rezuva simba iri dzikwanise nemakemikari simba. Makemikari mukana wokuti vanhu vanga pamusoro photosynthesis:

6CO ₂ + 12H ₂ Haiwa + chiedza = C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 6O ₂ + 6 ₂ O.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti 6 mamorekuru ose carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura mamorekuru gumi anoshandiswa (pamwe chezuva) kuti kugadzirwa shuga pakupedzisira kuumbwa matanhatu okisijeni mamorekuru matanhatu mamorekuru mvura. Kana tinomiririra nayo muchimiro pedu mukana wokuti vanhu vanga, tinowana zvinotevera:

carbon dioxide inobvisa + mvura + zuva => shuga + yakachena + mvura.

Zuva rine simba zvikuru simba. nguva dzose vanhu vari kuedza kurishandisa kuti vaunze magetsi, kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye zvivako, kupisa mvura uye zvichingodaro. Plants "akagadzira", sezvo kushandiswa rezuva simba nemamiriyoni apfuura, nekuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kupona kwavo. Photosynthesis zvakajeka zvishoma uye anogona kutsanangurwa sezvinotevera: zvinomera anoshandisa rezuva chiedza simba uye kuichinja nemakemikari simba, chinoguma imwe shuga (shuga), zvakawandisa iyo anochengeterwa muchimiro starch mune mashizha, midzi, madzinde mbeu mupudzi. Zuva simba riri kune nemhuka kuti kudya miti iyi. Kana chirimwa inoda zvinovaka muviri kuti ukure nemamwe maitiro upenyu, mumatanda izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo.

Sezvo miti Sechipanji simba kubva zuva?

Kutaura photosynthesis zvishoma uye zvakajeka, zvinokosha kugadzirisa mubvunzo sei zvinomera vanogona kupinza rezuva simba. Izvi imhaka chaihwo nemamiriro mashizha kusanganisira munyoro masero - chloroplasts kuti ane fuma chaiyo inonzi chlorophyll. Ichi chirimwa ruvara, iro rinopa egirini uye ndiye anokonzera Absorção de Água kuti zuva chiedza simba.

Ndosaka vakawanda mashizha sei vari rakafara sandara?

Photosynthesis rikaitika Mashizha zvinomera. The inoshamisa Chokwadi ndechokuti zvirimwa vari chaizvo unonyatsokodzera anokunda chiedza chezuva uye carbon dioxide Absorção de Água. Nokuda kwazvo pamusoro richakundwa zvakawanda chiedza. Chikonzero ichi kuti zuva ukomba, izvo dzimwe nguva yakaiswa padenga, uyewo paupamhi uye sandara dzimba. The yakakura Nechepamusoro, zviri nani wefodya.

Chiizve chinokosha kuti zvinomera?

Kufanana nevanhu, miti vanofanirawo zvingabatsira uye zvinovaka muviri kuti urambe utano, kukura uye kuita zvakanaka zvavo anokosha. Ivo vasvike zvazvichanyungudutswa zvicherwa kubva muvhu kuburikidza nemidzi yavo. Kana usina zvakakwana chicherwa zvinovaka muviri muvhu, muti haangavi kutanga kupengereka. Varimi kazhinji kuongorora ivhu nechokwadi rine zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana kuti chirimwa kukura. Zvikasadaro, unodzokera kushandisa fetiraiza ine zvinokosha zvicherwa kuti kudya kunovaka muviri uye chirimwa kukura.

Sei photosynthesis kuchikosha?

Achitsanangura photosynthesis mapfupi uye unonzwisisika vana, zvakakodzera kuudza, kuti uyu muitiro ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nemakemikari munyika. Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvakadaro guru mashoko? Chokutanga, twuchidya zvinomera photosynthesis, izvo zvaizoitawo zvokudya zvose zvimwe zvipenyu panyika, kusanganisira mhuka uye vanhu. Chechipiri, somugumisiro photosynthesis akasunungura mumhepo kuti kufema oxygen. All zvipenyu inhaled okisijeni uye patinofemera kunze carbon dioxide. Sezvineiwo, zvinomera kuita zvakashandurwa, saka vanokosha chaizvo kuti vanhu nemhuka, sezvo ivo kuvapa mukana kufema.

zvinoshamisa muitiro

Plants, anokwanisawo kufema, asi zvakasiyana vanhu nemhuka, ivo rishandise carbon dioxide kuti kubva mumhepo, pane okisijeni. Plants zvakare kunwa. Ndicho chikonzero unofanira mvura kwavari, kuti varege kufa. Kuburikidza midzi mvura uye zvokudya vari kuendeswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzose chirimwa muviri, uye kuburikidza maburi maduku ari leves rinowanika kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa Absorção de Água. A chikungiso kutanga makemikari kuita chiedza chezuva. zvigadzirwa zvose metabolic hwokurara miriwo inodyiwa, okisijeni anosunungurwa mumhepo. Ndizvo unogona kutsanangura zvishoma uye zvakajeka kuti chirongwa photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis: chiedza nerima chokutambudzika photosynthesis

The kwacho mubvunzo chinosanganisira huru zvikamu zviviri. Pane zvikamu zviviri photosynthesis (tsanangudzo uye tafura - hereinafter). Wokutanga inonzi chiedza danho. It rinowanikwa chete pamberi chiedza muna thylakoid membranes chokuita chlorophyll-mapuroteni Erekitironi vatakuri uye enzayemu ATP synthase. Chiizve anovanza photosynthesis? Chiedza Rima chokutambudzika photosynthesis kutevera mumwe sezvo kutanga masikati nousiku (Calvin kutenderera). Munguva rima chokutambudzika, kugadzirwa chairo shuga, zvokudya zvirimwa. Izvi chinonziwo chiedza-akazvimirira siyana.

mhedziso

Kubva apa chatingawana zvinotevera mhedziso:

• Photosynthesis - muitiro kuti anobvumira kuti vawane simba kubva zuva.
• Chiedza nesimba zuva dzikwanise kwemakemikari simba kubudikidza chlorophyll.
• Chlorophyll anopa zvirimwa manyoro.
• Photosynthesis kunoitika chirimwa chloroplasts mashizha masero.
• Carbon dioxide uye mvura zvinodiwa photosynthesis.
• Carbon dioxide anopinda muti kuburikidza duku makomba, stomata, kuburikidza navo kunze oxygen.
• Water wefodya unopinda chirimwa kuburikidza nemidzi yawo.
• Dai pasina photosynthesis, paisazova chikafu munyika.