Classicism mu mavakirwo Russia (mifananidzo)

Classicism mu mavakirwo Russia akazviratidza mukupera XVIII uye kushingaira yakatanga kusvikira mukutanga XIX remakore. Makamutsiridzazve mutsva nguva Russian mapurani. Pane zvave zvachinja chakajeka mapurani chitarisiko guru, uyewo mamwe nemamwe maguta. Next funga chii chinoumba classicism mapurani. Report pamusoro penyaya kuchaita nyore kuti kushandisa nyaya submissions.

tsananguro

Classicism ndiye European tsika uye aesthetic dzenzvimbo. It yaitungamirirwa wekare unyanzvi, chidimbu Roman yekare uye nechiGiriki. Sezvo budiriro mirayiridzo yakanga zvikuru uye mungano iwayo nguva. Sezvo mabhuku Russian, mu remakore wake classicism zvakanga nekaupenyu neyarok uye pfupi. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro mumhanzi. Zvisinei, vakawanda ounyanzvi ose dzekare architecture Russia vachiri kuruboshwe zvizvarwa.

Character nzvimbo: Description

Classicism mu akitekicha (mufananidzo pasi apa) akasiyana kudzikama uye yakajeka mutinhimira, mwero uye zvakajeka. Tiri kutaura kugadziridzwa kukura. Symmetry inomiririra chikuru mutemo sezvamunoita. Zvinoumba classicism mu mapurani iri zvachose zvinoenderana mativi uye rose. With Panyaya huru nomukova chivakwa, chaifanira kuiswa pakati uye vane maonero pabiravira. Zvaireva projecting mberi chikamu chacho ane mukoko neshongwe. Panyaya iyi, yokupedzisira vanofanira kunge rakasiyana parusvingo ruvara. Kazhinji, mbiru akanga chena ruvara. Mokupera tsvuku. Ndivo chikuru zvinhu classicism mu mapurani.

Kuvaka kwacho: achirayira peguta

Classicism mu mavakirwo Russia akatanga kubuda chaizvo zvakanaka. The arayira tsika pakati guru aizivikanwa kuvakwa yacho Admiralty chivakwa. Chirongwa ichi yakazokudziridzwa Andreianov Dmitrievich Zakharov. The rakakura rokuvaka mapurani asarudza govera musimboti shongwe. Wandisa cubic hwaro sehofisi riwedzere nokuda kwezvisikwa guru kutwasuka ayo kuenderera. All kuvaka iyi zvinova zvishoma maumbirwo ane chiedza muvharanda. Uyezve pane nokukurumidza vosimba gilt tsono munhu aine chikepe. Mataurire yose mavakirwo guta riri Neva akapiwa yakatarwa uye buoyant mutinhimira of Admiralty. Chikepe akatendeuka muchimiro chake.

Classicism mu mavakirwo St. Petersburg

In pakati pezana XVIII remakore, guta guru chinoratidza chete Ensemble. Zvakanga chaizvo akafanana Moscow akwegura uye akavigwa miti mitema dzakawanda Estates. Gare gare, zvakatanga kuvakwa nguva dzose nzira, iyo, kufanana mwaranzi diverge kubva Admiralty. Chii classicism zvinoshamisa St. Petersburg mapurani? Izvi, kupfuura zvose, kwete munhu zvivako uye ensembles yose uye nzira. Classicism mu mavakirwo St. Petersburg ari zvinoorora zvinoenderana, kubatana uye mwero.

Kuvakwa Stock Exchange

Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore classicism mu mavakirwo St. Petersburg akatanga kukura kukosha. Exchange pamusoro mate ose Vasilyevsky Island raiva basa rinokosha. Iye aifanira ibatane kwavakuru vakaumba kumativi chikamu widest porwizi. Thomas of Thomon, ndizvo mapurani French akanga afunge kuti Exchange museve magadzirirwo. A. D. Zaharov muchirongwa amboshandurirwa ubate. All matambudziko vave kugadzirisa kunokwana chinopenya rokusika pamwe ezvivako. The Hurongwa yave vakabatsirana Neva girazi. Maererano Vhoriyamu chivakwa parutivi Exchange pachayo, zviri zviduku. Asi iye nechivimbo anodzivisa yakakura pemvura. Izvi dzinongoita kubudirira kuburikidza rostral mbiru uye kunyanya siyana kuvakwa. Topic kutonga simba chinhu yambokurukurwa zvakanaka. Zvikurukuru, ichi zvinoreva akakura mabasa mukwanisi ari Ensemble. Russian classicism muna mapurani, chivezwa akaramba kusimbisa. Yekusimbisa mune rokupedzisira nhamba simba kuti akashongedza quays mikuru nzizi munyika. Zvisikwa zvavo vaishanda vatenzi zhinji: V. I. Demut-Malinosky, II Terebenev uye SS Pimenov. Izvi nezvimwe zvakawanda ounyanzvi vane dzenhoroondo Russian mavakirwo kurudyi vari pose kukosha.

Kunoshanda Nevsky Tariro

Tichakurukura huru thoroughfare kuti guta tsika. With pakuvaka Kazan Cathedral tarisiro akatanga kutarira sezvo rimwe Architectural ensemble. Basa racho rakagadzirirwa Andreem Nikiforovichem Voronihinym. Panzira, baba vake aiva serf. A mharidzo rakatorwa kusikwa Michelangelo. Ndicho Cathedral of St. Peter (Rome). Voronikhin akashandisa zvinangwa zvake. Saka rakasiyana basa mapurani akasikwa. Nzvimbo, riri pamberi Kazan Cathedral, pamwe mativi kufukidzwa kwayo muvharanda. Yakava muzinda evanhu upenyu kweguta. Gare gare, yaiitirwa pane mienzaniso uye Misangano mikuru. The Church akatamiswa guruva M. I. Kutuzova.

St. vaIsaka Cathedral

Iye yakavakwa kwamakore makumi mana. Tiri kutaura pamusoro kupfuura building, iyo yakavakwa yokutanga yezana XIX remakore kuRussia. Inside kungava varipo panguva 13 zviuru vashanyi. The purojekiti yakatanga Ogyust Monferran. Kana magadzirirwe mukati kushongedzwa uye chitarisiko, kuti wakapindwa KP Bryullov uye P. K. Klodt - painter uye muvezi, ukuwo. Pamuviri kuti Church achaita embody kusimba uye nesimba autocracy. It rinotaurawo kuti pedyo pamwe Chechi yeOrthodox. Pakuvaka Church zvechokwadi noumambo. Inoita ane zvisingafi pfungwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe haagoni kuzvidzwa vatengi uye Sponsors imwe megalomania. Izvi zvairatidza kuti Russian classicism mu mapurani vakatanga kuona dambudziko nguva.

Moscow zvivakwa

It anonyanya dzinoratidzwa kwete ensembles uye munhu zvivako. With Panyaya kusikwa wokutanga, zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo zvichiberekana navo pamusoro mumigwagwa curved vakanga sezvariri vakatutirana pamwe zvivakwa eras siyana. The moto, iyo yakaitika muna 1812, akanga asingakwanisi kutyora kwavo netsika makakava siyana. Zvisinei, mavakirwo Russian classicism muno kunyange kuuya mavara akajeka. Pashure moto rakamuka muMoscow, yakanga yakavakwa zhinji ezvivako. Tiri kutaura pamusoro revatungamiriri wematirastii musi Solyanka, Arena, Bolshoi Theater, uye zvichingodaro. Monument kuna Minin uye Pozharsky rakadzikwa musi Red Square. Muvambi basa iri Ivan Petrovich Marsov. Muvezi akaremekedza netsika classicism. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu vanotaurwa vakapfeka antiikki zvipfeko. Moscow classicism vasingagoni kuzvirumbidza zvakafanana kunokudzwa monumentality sezvo St. Petersburg. Akanga dzinoratidzwa zviduku dzimba farmsteads. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Moscow classicism yakareba pedyo munhu, ndiko kunyengedzwa chaizvo uye wakasununguka. House Lopukhins - zvakanakisisa Moscow Mansion, yakagadzirirwa mumagadzirirwo ichi. Basa ndiye akasika mapurani A. G. Grigorevym. Anobva serfs.

Development yaigadzwa maguta

Rakanga rwaiitwa zvakafanana kuMoscow. Purovhinzi aigona pamusoro zvinoverengeka mikuru Artists. Baroque uye Classicism mu mavakirwo zvivako kuSiberia vakanga kuronda kubva pakutanga XIX remakore. Unhu izvi zvinoratidzwa kwose kwose. Somuenzaniso, imwe Cathedral Voskresenskoye Tomsk kana Moscow gedhi Irkutsk. Papera classicism pakupedzisira akasimbisa kuSiberia. "The White House" - mumwe yakanakisisa zvisikwa wokutanga, izvo zvakaitwa mumagadzirirwo ichi. It rakavakwa Sibiryakovs vatengesi. Akazova gavhuna wacho dzokugara. Cossack Nikolsky Cathedral rakadzikwa muna Omsk, sezvakanga chirongwa yaiva yakakurumbira mapurani. Zviri pamusoro Vasily Petrovich Stasov. Mureza wenyika Ermak akachengetwa Church iyi.

dambudziko nguva

Zvakatangira panguva 30s ose XIX remakore. Vakararama akamira kuyemura mwoyo kufinhwa zvivako nembiru. Izvi yaitaurwawo N. V. Gogol. Panguva iyoyo, St. Petersburg akanga zvaiyananiswa kuvakwa zvivako mufurati. Vaifanira kuva vakawanda napo. Zvisinei, maererano canons ose classicism, kosi chikuru chimwe chete chingadai chakaitwa, yaifanira riri zvivako zviri pakati. Rezasi pedzimba furati dzimba ari kuchinja. Ivo vakatanga kuisa kuzvitoro. Kunyange pano, ari dzenhoroondo mitemo asingagoni akasangana. Izvi zvakakonzerwa pamberi mahwindo paupamhi. Saka, pasi kumanikidzwa ano zvisatomboshamisa classicism ndaifanira kusiya.

itsva mirayiridzo

pfungwa okusika ezvivako hwakatanga kwakavakirwa nenhungamiro "akangwara kusarudza". Vaidavira kuti chivako anofanira akaurayiwa manyorero kuti zvifambe chinangwa chake. Asi yokupedzisira mugumisiro kwaibva manakiro murongedzeri uye mutengi anoda. Manor landlords akatanga ivakwe manyorero Ages Gothic. Mumaguta paiva revatongi dzimba, unoenderana vose canons ose Baroque idzva. Dzimwe nguva vatengi kugeza ezvivako dzisiri mureza zvinodiwa. Saka furati aigona kuonekwa mahwindo mufananidzo. Nguva nokusanganisa zvekunyanyisa.

Zvivako akazotevera nomukurumbira

The New Hermitage yakavakwa muna St. Petersburg nokuda chirongwa, hwakagadzirwa mapurani wokuGermany Leo Klenze. Simba Atlanta girenayiti akarinda, decoration magadzirirwo (ano Greek manyorerwo), uye nengaidzo zvikamu - nokuti izvi zvose zvakasikwa anoyevedza pechifananidzo miziyamu. Gare gare, Nicholas Palace rakadzikwa. It motifs of Italian Renaissance zvakajeka kurondwa. Kukura chirongwa ichi nenzira mapurani Andreyu Ivanovichu Shtakenshneyderu. Interior pfungwa mumuzinda yakabereka akasimba zvikuru pfungwa. Dark grille rinosimbisa fenzi dzinovangira zvekuratidzira chikuru manera. Mbiru zvinosiyana chaiyo nyasha. Kunenge kuti nzvimbo iri nyore chaizvo kuti kuvimba navo. Kunenge kuti mavakirwo izere munyika kufamba. Panyaya nzvimbo manera, yava kuwedzerwa kumusoro uye kudzika.

Mupiro Konstantin tani

Chinangwa chake rikava aiva kumutsidzirwa tsika mapurani yekare. Nokuti mabasa Machiridza dzakavakwa chechi shanu-domed pamwe mahwindo yokufeva yakatetepa. Akashandisa Byzantine uye Russian yakarongedzwa. zvinhu izvi zvose pamwe chete symmetry uye kukura kunyatsoomerera classicism. Naye tani kukwanisa kusiya. Vazhinji zvidavado ichi zvikabatanidzwa zvaiita chakagadzirwa chaizvo. Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri yakanga mumwe. Chikonzero chikuru - kwete zvakakwana udzamu ubanguranyika pamusoro mapurani nhaka yekare. Nicholas I vaikoshesa basa tani. The mapurani akanga arayira makuru akawanda nokuda Moscow. Big Kremlin Palace yakavakwa pasi utungamiriri hwake. Gare gare, kuripisa temberi Kristu Muponesi. erection yake akatambanudza refu chaizvo nguva. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti temberi akanambwa Kuchengetwa nokununurwa nyika kubva Napoleon kuti nechisimba. Muna 1883, yakanga yakatsaurwa kwazvo. Chivako chacho wakapindwa matarenda vanatenzi zhinji Russian, pakati pavo:

1. Navavaki.
2. Casters.
3. Mainjiniya.
4. Artists.
5. Vavezi vemabwe.

Mukereke pave machena Dombo iri iyo mazita vakafa uye vakakuvadzwa navatariri vakanga immortalized. Rine mashoko sei varwi vakawanda vakaurayiwa neimwe hondo. In machena plaques izvi uye immortalized mazita evanhu zvakapa mari dzavo kuitira kuti vawane kukunda. Kana siluetti of Moscow, kuti-mita zana hombe temberi zvakakwana sezvaiita mariri.