Corporation: pfungwa, upfumi hunhu uye zvinokosha. Corporation muRussia

Hwaro upfumi enyika dzakawanda munyika anoumba dzesangano. Saka, shoko rokuti anogona kuwirirana zvoupfumi dzaishandisa vane unhu hwakasiyana - maererano kukura, mamiriro, budiriro zvaanokoshesa. Ndezvipi kuitika nzira kuti pfungwa rokuti "dzesangano"? Sei zvivako izvi zvinogona kushanda munyika dzakasiyana?

Chii vesangano?

By rokuti "dzesangano" rinogona kunzwisiswa:

- mubatanidzwa makambani akawanda kuti anorenda kugadzirisa dzakaoma matambudziko zvebhizimisi;

- boka guru kana, mune zvimwe zviitiko, akabata zvinosanganisira subsidiaries akawanda;

- enyika repamutemo pamwe rakabatana maitiro management sarudzo - panguva guta pamwero, kana kunyange mamiriro.

Asi kakawanda rinoreva vesangano vakabata basa mubatanidzwa, dzimwe nguva - chindingindingi (semuenzaniso, muchimiro cartels). Corporate hukama pakati havaoni ane ezvoupfumi sangano, uyewo vavo, kazhinji kuisa pachiyero dzevagari uye basa zvibvumirano. The hubudirire uchava pamutemo urongwa nezvebasa dzesangano, zvikuru kubudirira zvichava bhizimisi, vari pamwe vakwikwidzi.

Pakuenzanisa zvido dzesangano

Funga nezvemashoko aya shamwari iri mubvunzo, sezvo nhamba mubereko. Izvi zvingava havaoni dzesangano, mamaneja uye vashandi zvavo. Corporate zvido vatori vechikamu vanogona siyana, asi ivo vamwe chokwadi kuti vari kugoverwa yakananga munhu ari LEVEL.

Nokudaro, vanhuwo mushandi unomutenda kudzivirira ayo zvinodiwa kuti musoro dhipatimendi. Izvo, akavapindurawo, kugovera avo, kufungisisa akagamuchira kubva pasi, bhasi, ngatiti, weDhipatimendi. Mushure zvaanoda kune mwero pamusoro mamaneja wekambani uye vaiona navo maererano pokutanga. Kana munhu kugutsikana zano iri revarume mhindu, ndiye kazhinji zvakanaka revatema mabasa dzesangano.

Ichi chiri nesungano pakati vechikamu shamwari akakodzera mumabhizimisi inoita zvakakodzera kutanga mitemo yokudzora kukurukurirana kwavo pamwe chete.

Corporate mitemo

Chinonyanya kukosha zvimiso chinobudirira kukura dzesangano - kuvapo mitemo, izvo vanokurudzirwa vanoomerera vashandi yaro Implementation zvezvavanofarira. Ivo vanoonekwa ne kazhinji yakakwirira mwero centralization. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti zvaiitwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana mari makambani vane, pfungwa, zvakafanana pfuma. Ivo zvinodzorwa nomubereki kambani zvivako, sarudzo dzinokosha vanobviswa nekuda kwekuda kwavo yekambani pamusoro mamaneja.

The dzemunharaunda dzesangano, sezvinoita mutemo, akaisa pachiyero nemitemo yomunzvimbo. Asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose zvazviri. Zvinogoneka kuti vachava kurongwa, vakapfuura kubva yeboka kuti mumwe dzesangano zvokuvataurira nomuromo, asi zvakasimba vakanamatira. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mune dzimwe yemakambani hurongwa vari kukosha wevakadzidza mitemo, nevamwe - ndivo kuti zvakarurama semhosva zvisina kurongwa. It zvinoenderana netsika dzenyika muna State umo kambani rinonyoreswa, varidzi mutemo, zvakasimba kuti pamusoro Mamaneja, pamusoro chaizvo zviri chidimbu umo sangano hwapedyo.

Cherechedza kuti chinobudirira pakuvaka ukama mubhizimisi zvinokosha, sezvo mutemo, kwete chete zvimwe zvinogona kuti yemakambani mitemo, sezvo nzira nechokwadi abvume.

Funga zvino, chii vari chikuru mhando Makambani, vaongorori dzoga.

Kupatsanura vemasangano pamusoro zvoupfumi hunhu

Nyanzvi Modern patsanura vafunga tichibatanidza kupinda 3 Mhando chikuru Makambani kwakavakirwa chokuratidza zvoupfumi hunhu:

- chekare;

- statist;

- okusika.

Tichadzidza zvavo chaizvo.

Classic Corporation - kambani asimbiswa nepfungwa kuita kunonyanyisa mabhizimisi kunyatsoshanda somunhu Mari-anobudirira kugadzirwa zvinhu kana mabasa, uyewo kuzvitutumadza rakadzikama kukura turnover ine matambudziko kuwedzera nekambani mugove pamusoro pamusika. Classical Corporation dzinoratidzwa anyatsoona musiyano pakati muridzi zvakanaka nemasangano. Kune varidzi yemakambani bhizimisi mairi, uye pane mamaneja vari mutoro wayo kukura. Chokutanga, sezvo mutemo, havapindiri mune mabasa yokupedzisira. Zvisinei, salaried Mamaneja ari dzekare dzesangano kazhinji kuzvidavirira nekambani varidzi.

Shamwari muna mubvunzo, kazhinji muenzaniso yakatsiga tsika nekuita pakati vashandi pachavo. Zvichienderana mwero simba unogona kupararira kune dzimwe yemakambani uye mvumo ikoko. Nokupesvedzera zvinhu siyana yemakambani yakarongeka zvinoriumba, kamwe kuumbwa, zvinogona kuchinjwa. Zvichibvira, somuenzaniso, nokuda pokudzora romunda zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, kukura, magariro ruzivo, budiriro enyika.

Evolution of klassiske makambani

Saka, vatsvakurudzi voga ano 3 zvokukura iri kuti ichishanduka uye kushandura dzesangano. Types shamwari akakodzera, saka pakanga itsva, zvikurukuru dissimilar kune yapfuura vaya.

Saka, pakati pezana remakore rechi20, masangano vakatanga dzidzira kukura michina mitsva somunhu anokosha yemakwikwi zvinobatsira mubhizimisi. uwandu simbi Kugadzirwa Large kugoverwa kunyika uko nekutumirwa kwemauto zvivako zvakakodzera vaiva nani panyaya profitability ezvinhu. Munyika umo dzesangano rakanyoreswa, vaiva musoro dzemapazi rwokugadzira nzvimbo.

Mumakore 70-80 mabhizimisi munyika dzakabudirira vane kusimbisa miganhu kuwedzera, kuita basa rakakura zvaibvira mugove mumusika dzakawanda. Izvi kukanganiswa kutanga kwenyika dzepasi pose pezvakaitwa pamusoro harmonization zvinodiwa, kuti kupanana yemakambani ruzivo pamwe kutora chikamu vanamuzvinabhizimisi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana.

Mumakore 90 ari maumbirwo nyika makambani chakatanga kuitika kuchinja magariro hunhu, kuratidza Shanduro vepahofisi yayo basa makambani mumabhizimisi. Somuenzaniso, vashandi makambani akawanda asisiri funga pachavo sezvo salaried nenyanzvi, vakatanga kunzwa vavanoshandira vakaroorana. Chokwadi, chakaratidza kuitika kunoonekwa siyana inoti pamwe dissimilar zvokutamba. Mamwe marudzi Makambani dzakawanda uye avo chinosiyanisa zvinhu kungasanganisira zvachose nemamwe zvechadenga kubata usingakwani muchikwata kupinda chero yose pfungwa.

Uyezve munyaya ino tichakurukura mienzaniso National yemakambani mutsika, zvichiratidza kuti yokurera vari akaumba kunyange upfumi kupfuura arege yekudyidzana nguva dzose kuchinja kwemasayendisiti kuitika mune dzimwe anoti.

statist Corporation

Kupatsanura uye mhando Makambani, inoumbwa nevatsvakurudzi ano vanoti kusarudzwa ari oga muboka statist mubatanidzwa. Chii specificity yavo?

Statist makambani kunge yakabuda kuva kufarira capitalist dzinoitwa, achishingaira kutanga uye vakaparadzira nawo munyika. muvambi dzavo uye mukuru ideologue weHurumende. Zvinofungirwa kuti inorondedzera dzinokosha Data ari yemakambani tsika nokuwadzana mitemo, anoumba zvoupfumi uye zvemagariro zvavanokoshesa kukura zvivako zvakakodzera.

Kusiyana dzenhoroondo capitalist Makambani statist kushamwaridzana zvakatangwa kugadzirisa vainyanya rokukurumidzira munzanga uye enyika matambudziko. Somuenzaniso, kupa vagari nebasa. Apo klassiske capitalist asingadi kuedza kuwedzera kugadzirwa nokuda yakakwirira mari kwezvivako kuvakwa, voruzhinji sangano, wakateya statist dzesangano zvingabudirira kutanga kuvaka imwe fekitari itsva kuti kushandisa vagari vanogara mundima.

Shamwari muna mubvunzo, zvinokosha pamutemo mitemo unhu vashandi chepamusoro. Makambani aya kukura kunyanya USSR uye dzimwe mugovanisi nyika. Panguva iyoyo vari States hanya musimboti rokuti "dzesangano", dzidziso, upfumi zvisikwa uye mhando mikuru dzebhizimisi shamwari kazhinji haana munyaya akapoteredza chaiye evanhu mutemo, sezvo vanoonekwa kuti kuva capitalist hurongwa.

Saka, kushamwaridzana mune mubvunzo vangava vasina hupfumi asiwo evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika zvechechi framework chete. Mupfungwa iyi, kukosha kwavo kunogona kuva yepamusoro zvikuru tichitarisa kukura nyika kupfuura nyaya dzenhoroondo hurongwa.

Creative Corporation

Chimwe chikamu chikuru vemasangano - okusika nokushamwaridzana. Ndivo gotwe zvivako. Paiva rokusika Corporation mukupera remakore rechi20. chidzoke yavo ndokuwarira zvakafanira kuchitendero kukura kukurukurirana kwezvivako - chikuru Internet. Muvanhu, pakava nokudiwa kutaura, kuti adzikinure ruzivo, digitaalinen zvigadzirwa, anokwanisa kuti vaunze manzwiro.

Somugumisiro, paiva kudiwa bhizimisi vakagadzirira zvinhu zvakadai - mitambo, Websites, software, Multimedia tigutsikane kununura. Pokugadzwa zvisarudzo zvakadaro kunoda okusika nzira - kana zvinotarisirwa kutanga chigadzirwa, havadi munazvo, vane vakwikwidzi, kana vane nouchapupu zvakwakanakira pamusoro kare akaberekwa ari pamusika mhinduro.

Pane zvakasiyana-siyana hwokusika vesangano. Mhando runoenzanirana hurongwa vanoonekwa mu "kubvisa-mutsetse", "paIndaneti" mushanduro. Kune guru, uye panova yemakambani okusika. Tichifunga guru Vhoriyamu paIndaneti musika makwikwi pakati pavo inogona kunyatsonanga nyoro. Izvozvo hazvisi zvokutadza kwese kuti dzenhoroondo makambani.

Kukurukurwa pamusoro Songaniro mumabhizimisi - migumisiro shanduka hwenyika, vanhu, ano. Asi hapana anogona kunzi zvisingachashandi dzakawanda dzakabudirira, anogona kuwanikwa zvose kumiririrwa mu izvi makambani mhando. Types shamwari akakodzera anogona Classified, uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zhinji. specificity kwavo kunoenderana rava kusvika nevatsvakurudzi kana akaumba National School of Economics.

Nature, mhando Makambani zvinogona kudzidzwa pane kunobatanidza zvakawanda nzira. Pakati pevaya - pamutemo kuzivikanwa zviratidzo Corporation. Kureva, avo vari kwakavakirwa zvatinopiwa yomurayiro chero nyika. Zvichava kubatsira, saka, kufunga zviri pamutemo traceable pachiyero mitemo mamiriro, tinosvika kuna kupatsanura shamwari aongororwe.

Kupatsanura vemasangano vari mutemo Russian

Saka, chikuru marudzi Makambani muna Russian Federation pasi pemurairo - ndiwo upfumi muvanhu, maNGO, shamwari, cooperatives, kudyidzana. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kunhaka, ari runoenzanirana mamiriro kuRussia kakawanda vachinzi seboka makambani. Pane vari Russian Federation uye voruzhinji makambani, mupfungwa yakati, ari subspecies pamusoro statist, asi pfungwa yakati, pane nhengo capitalist Dzidziso prioritization mune zvoupfumi.

The Russian upfumi dzinongoita revatema pamwe nenyika. Naizvozvo, Russian Federation wokurera ari tsanangudzo "dzesangano", dzidziso, upfumi zvisikwa uye mhando huru shamwari akakodzera, mune tsika, zvinogona nokududzirwawo chiedza ano dzomunyika tsanangudzo.

Somuenzaniso, muna Russia akatambanudzira rokuti "boka". Zvichienderana akapoteredza, rinogona kunzwisiswa pakati mamaneja Russian nenzira dzakasiyana. Kuti anogona kuva nehanya iri Russian Federation somunhu mhando vesangano? The chaizvo mabasa mari makambani Western Europe - zvikurukuru German, anosarudza mashoko kakawanda kushandiswa rokuti pasi review, kuti kureva kupfuura masangano multi-National mu Europe. Uyewo yemakambani American, kunyange aine zvizhinji, kazhinji kunzi masangano kana mapoka zvemari.

Saka, shoko rokuti "dzesangano", dzidziso uye mhando inogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana zvichienderana netsika, kubatwa yakasiyana netsika ezvinhu zvakanaka. Zvichava kubatsira kudzidza kubva pane zvakaitika rokuvaka yemakambani bhizimisi kunze. Ngatimbofungai kuridzidza sezvo muenzaniso mamwe upfumi pakukura.

National marudzi Makambani ano

Types vemasangano zvinogona Classified pachishandiswa tsika emarudzi kuvaka ukama pakati vechikamu kuMudzidzisi nokuwadzana. Saka, zvinobatsira kufunga zvakaitika Japan. Chokwadi ndechokuti mamiriro iyi yemakambani dzemunharaunda kuita basa rinokosha. Panguva iyoyowo wakakura zvikuru zvinowanzotaurwa kurapwa saizvozvo vari yakajairwa.

Mumwe kiyi zvechadenga Japanese dzesangano - kuchikosheswa of rezvizhinji pamusoro munhu zvido. Murume anouya kushanda pane imwe kambani, kazhinji pasina tichifunga munguva yemberi iri pedyo kuchinja mumwe. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti anoramba dzika unhu hwavo uye vanogona kupa basa kukura. Chimwe chikonzero nei kuchinja tarisiro mumwe kambani vangasagamuchira zvokutadza anoyevedza nokuti Japanese mushandi - ndechokuti maumbirwo Makambani kwemarudzi kuti makwikwi magetsi mushandirwi, Ungangove hakuzovi vangasimudzira zvakasiyana avo kuti munguva akasimba umo vashandi. Ungangove, mushandi achaita zvakafanana mashandiro uye kugamuchira chete mubairo.

Chimwe chinhu - the American chepamusoro tsika. It inozivikanwa, akavapindurawo, ari Kuisa munhu pamusoro rezvizhinji. Murume, Chokwadi, kugovera mugove waro kufarira unotevera vanochiva asi nezvadzo rinowanzova yekudyidzana kuvatumwa kana akashanda Japan. Izvi imhaka yokuti yemakambani tsika iri US anogona zvakasiyana-siyana kubva boka kusvika kambani. Uye anogona kukurudzira basa yokutama vanachiremba dzakasiyana siyana kubva mumwe zvakasimba mumwe.

Pasinei nokuti US uye Japanese yemakambani tsika vane nhamba kusiyana pachena, izvi hakutadzisi nyanzvi kubva makambani US vakabudirira pamwe vanamuzvinabhizimisi kubva kuJapan. Vakawanda kunzwisisa musimboti rokuti "dzesangano", tsanangudzo pakubhadhara zvakakodzera masangano, akadzidza American uye Japanese School of Management, chinogona kunobva chete mazano. Nokudaro, chepamusoro US uye Japanese yokutevedzera munyika dzinoverengeka Mamiriro ezvinhu achava akasiyana kugutsikana, asi kuti kuva chaizvo zvakafanana mune chimiro. Uye ichi Zvingasava zvinokwana kuvaka zvinobudirira pamwe.

Yakashuma mhando Makambani dzakawanda uye dzavo nevamwe zvinhu zvinoratidza kuti, pfungwa, chero mamiriro anogona kuumba rakasiyana ezvinhu kuti kuona kukura kuMudzidzisi shamwari mumabhizimisi. - kunyanya kana toreva munyika zvishoma ruzivo mukuvaka capitalist ukama. Somuenzaniso, muna Russia. Zvichava kubatsira kuongorora kupfuura chinozikamwa zvatariswa of yemakambani tsika kuRussia.

Russian chepamusoro tsika

Ndezvipi Makambani muRussia dzakaumbwa munguva yokuvaka capitalism munyika? Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda muRussia chaizvo simba tsika Soviet, kunyanya kana totaura pamwero mukuru muzongoza emakambani pamwe nehurumende vabatanidzwe. Avo vane mumwe kufananidzwa weJapanese pfungwa yekuvaka yemakambani tsika - kana munhu ushandiswe kubata pachako somunhu mutakuri anonyanya yemakambani zvido panguva yavaigara pabasa.

Vagari Russian trudoustraivayas ichi kana kuti kambani, uyewo vokuJapan, kakawanda kacho, vanoda kushanda mariri nokusingaperi, pasina kufunga tarisiro kuchinja mumwe kambani. Asi pane mhando Makambani muRussia, izvo zvaizoitawo nechivako raro zvikuru pedyo American pfungwa kuvaka ukama mubhizimisi. Kazhinji izvi zvidiki uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani, kazhinji - mabhizimisi mhuri. Russian yemakambani tsika National richiri kuumbwa. Sei vachatarira munguva yemberi iri pedyo, izvozvo zvinoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji - social, vatorwa zvokutengeserana, dzimwe mutemo.

pfupiso

Saka, takadzidza musimboti rokuti "dzesangano", pfungwa uye mhando shamwari akakodzera tichitaura pfungwa, chinoremedza nyanzvi ano. The mhando zvivako ane widest siyana mhando. Pfungwa, features, makambani, marudzi chepamusoro akasiyana nhoroondo yakareba vakadzidza, kufungisisa enyika, zveupfumi zvinhu zviri mubishi musayenzi uye michina bhora.

Mugore National tsika management anosvika kunzwisisa chaizvo vemasangano hungasiyanawo. Asi ichi hachisi zvazviri nguva dzose, kunyange yose kuitika munzvimbo zhinji dzebhizimisi vari chinoonekwa zvikuru, zvichida kana toreva siyana shamwari chepamusoro. Nzira dzekuziva kuti kupatsanura pakati zvivako zviri wandei. Mumwe yainyanya kuonekwa pfungwa dzesangano inokamukana pamusoro umo Classic, statist uye zvakasikwa. Siyana date mhando Makambani kwenhamba masangano murwiyo, mamiriro, pamusoro kukoshesa kukura.

In dzakabudirira upfumi nhasi vanogona kuwana mabhizimisi maererano pakati Mapato takurukura. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti mune dzimwe hwenyika zvinyanye kuonekwa mugove chaiwo uye zvakasikwa makambani, vamwe - statist. Zvinoitwa upfumi anoenderana chii matanho ari zvoupfumi yakatotanga vakapfuura nehurumende iyo magariro uye enyika nezvinangwa rinoisa pacharo.