Curare - chepfu inogona kuuraya kana kwechinguva

Curare ndiro zita rinowanikwa kune zvakakosha zvepfuu zvakagadzirwa nekubuda kwemashizha emvura kubva kune dzimwe mbeu dzinopisa. Izvi zvinoshandiswa kwenguva refu nemamwe vagari vanogara kuSouth America, nokuda kwehupfu hwemiseve mumabasa ehondo uye panguva yekuvhima. Vaiziva kuti mazamu anodiwa pakufa kamwechete kana kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kana muvengi aidiwa ari mupenyu.

Chepfu curare, kurova ropa, inoshandisa mumuviri mutezo unoita mitezo. Chokutanga, mafungiro emagunha akavharwa, kusuruvara kwepfungwa kunoitika. Zvadaro kuporesa inoputsa, ganda rinoshanduka bhuruu, chiropa chinopisa - uye sechikonzero, rufu runoitika. Apo nyama inosangana nehosha inouraya mudumbu, hapana mhinduro, iyo iyo, mhuka inourawa nemuseve ane chepfu inogona kudyiwa. Uyezve, nyama yavo, maererano nevakaborigines, inova inonaka uye ine nyoro.

Kuumbwa kwehutu hunouraya kwevaEurope kwave kwenguva refu ichiri chakavanzika. Kutaura kwake kwakakonzera kutya. Marudzi akasiyana ehupfu hwehutu hunowanikwa kubva kumiti yakasiyana uye kunyange kunyorwa. Kune mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehutu hunouraya, dzine zvisizvo zvakasiyana pamuviri uye dzakachengetwa mumamiriro akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, curare - uturu hunobva kuCondrodendron tomentosum - hunoita nokukurumidza zvikuru. Yakanga yakachengetwa mumakomba ane mashizha. Uturu hunobva kuStrychnos toxifera huchifamba zvishoma nezvishoma, zvakafanana ne strychnine. Yakanga yakachengetwa muvhu dzevhu.

Chondrodendron tomentosum - liana, yemu Loganie yemhuri uye akapararira kuSouth America. Iyo tsvina yakasvibiswa inogona kusvika 10 cm muchitsauko chemuchinjikwa. Mashizha makuru (kusvika kusvika 20 cm), serrate, ane zviratidzo zvinooneka zvakanaka. Rutivi rwekumusoro rwemashizha rwunotonhora, uye pasi rinofukidzwa nehuni. Maruva ari dioecious, maduku, magirasi-cream, anounganidzwa mu inflorescences. Zvibereko zviduku (kusvika kusvika 2 mm), zvinyenyeredzi, zvichikwira pasi.

Kutaura kwokutanga kwemiti yacho kunowanika mumabhuku eSpain priest d'Acunya, izvo zvavakaita muna 1693. KuEurope, samples yehupfu uye teknolojia yekugadzira yakauyiswa naScientist weFrance Charles Marie de la Cordamen (kubva parwendo kuenda kuPeru). Zvechokwadi, maIndia havana kuipa iyo kuchikoro. Musayendisiti aifanira kuba nehupfu uye oongorora kuti vanhu vomunharaunda vanozviita sei.

Mashizha, midzi nematombo eCondrodendron tomentosum zvakapwanyika, izere nemvura uye Pana moto muduku wakabikwa kwechinguva, kusvikira uwandu hwakasimbiswa. Panguva imwecheteyo, aigara achikurudzirwa. Dzimwe nguva ropa rakange rakawedzerwa kune zvakakanganiswa matatya kana zvimwe mhuka. Pasina uroyi hwakasimba hwakanga huine ruvara ruvara, rwakashandiswa pakuvhima. Kunyanya kubudirira uye kuuraya kwaiva nehutu hwakaipa hunhu hwekunhu. Yakanga yakashandiswa kupikisana nevavengi, kushandiswa kwemiti, iyo yakazunungurwa kubva mumatope. Ndiwo chete shaman wedzinza aive nekodzero yekuita chirwere-chepfu, nokuti kusateerera rufu kwakafanirwa.

Izvo zvinoshandiswa curare-chepfu D-tubocurarine - an active alkaloid. Kana iyo inoshandiswa mumitambo miduku, zvino inokwanisa kupa chirwere chekurapa. Ichi chinhu chinoshandiswa mukurapa kwedoropsy, urolithiasis, insanity, fivhiri, nezvimwe. Inogona kushandiswa kunze kunze kwekukuvadzwa kwakakomba nenzira yekumanikidza. VaShaman veIndia vanoziva izvi kwenguva yakareba uye vakashandisa nounyanzvi uye vanoramba vachishandisa curare-chepfu.