Custom - chii ichi? Mienzaniso yepamutemo, National, chevarwere tsika uye zvebhizimisi

Custom - kare kuzomukazve kutonga stereotypical mufambiro, iro kuburitswa neimwe munzanga boka kana nzanga inofambidzana wajaira nhengo dzayo. Sezvinoitwa nemamejasitiriti hwakadzama semufananidzo zviito imwe ezvinhu akadai sei kurapa nhengo dzemhuri yako, kugadzirisa, sei kuvaka mabhizimisi ukama, etc. Yechinyakare tsika kazhinji kutsiviwa nguva itsva, yakawanda zvakakodzera zvinodiwa ano.

"Tsika mutemo mukuru" - zvanzi duramazwi Ushakov. Ngatitarisei mienzaniso nemaitiro uye edza kuona zvavari dzakasiyana zvoupenyu paruzhinji.

Zvinogara anova zvounhu muenzaniso tsika?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, tsika presupposes maitiro mapatani. Asi vapedzisira havangagoni kuridza basa Codes mufambiro, sezvo munhu wose ane mukana kusarudza mumwe inobvira modes kuita, zvichienderana nezvido zvavo, zvinangwa kana zvinangwa.

A patsika dzemunharaunda tsika dziri akaumba chete apo mamiriro stereotyped uye kujairirana imwe mharidzo maitiro evanhu mune izvi. Kana vanotevera tsika dzinongoitika uye kunoda hapana vatevedzere mashandiro kana kudzora kuurayiwa, inova evanhu wokuyera yokuzvibata.

Muenzaniso kwaita tsika pamutemo

Kana tsika - iri midzi kufanana nevechiduku maitiro, iro neHurumende simba - ipapo akagamuchira mamiriro mutemo.

Inotungamirwa tsika pamutemo mugumisiro makore ruzivo (uye kuti ivo vakasiyana chaizvo mutemo wakanyorwa). Somuenzaniso, kuti asike kwegadziriro kodzero dzavanhu venyika Caucasus (zvevaPolish Russian Federation) akava chaizvo zvazvinoita mutemo kwete chete Russian uye dzemunharaunda pakati Sharia, asiwo emakore netsika Highlanders.

Izvi, chokwadi, kusanganisira kuremekedza vakuru vari mumhuri (nako, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, rondedzera uye yakakurumbira chakajairika youpenyu hurefu Caucasian). Kana, somuenzaniso, tsika vakaomerwa mhuri kuonana pakati vanhu vakasiyana ropa ukama (muroora mumba haigoni kusangana kunyange netsaona) - zvose zvinhu izvi vawana mamiriro yepamutemo dzemunharaunda, midzi mune mutemo.

Kuva pamutemo, tsika uye zvemutemo kukosha ndiwo: kuti ari dare kana zvimwe simba paruzhinji anogona achiati mungabva mutemo.

Kana ivo vasina rinotsigirwa neHurumende nezviremera, zvazvinosarira pachiyero dzemunharaunda nezuva patsika. Somuenzaniso, tsika ropa rokutsiva kuCaucasus pamutemo vakarambidza, asi chaizvoizvo riripo, kana National netsika Slavs "kugeza" ose chiitiko chinokosha mumhuri kana kubasa, riri kure remuSamoa unorwa murayiro.

Ndechipi pamutemo muitiro: muenzaniso

Sezvineiwo, cherechedza kuti nemvumo tsika pamutemo rinoitwa muchimiro vakatumira kwaari, uye kwete zvakawedzerwa wayo vakaisa pasi mutemo. Kana nenzvimbo kwakaitika, panobva mutemo inova tsika uye mitemo, umo airidza.

Mienzaniso ndiwo sanyorwa kuti, izvo panguva yaro mune mumiririri miviri: kodzero kuzarura yechirongwa richangobva akasarudzwa paramende yokutanga yakapiwa mukuru zera kuti mutevedzeri. In mutsva Russian Constitution (Art. 3, Art. 99), tsika iyi Akagamuchira pamutemo kusimbiswa uye, naizvozvovo, chikuru pamutemo simba.

The kukurukurirana mutemo uye tsika

Tinofanira kufunga ukama pakati pamutemo dzemunharaunda uye zviripo chero vanhu tsika. Sei kushamwaridzana mitemo vakaisa pasi nomurayiro uye chevarwere tsika kuri kuti zvikuru munzanga mapoka kana nzanga?

Most ukama aya wakaderedzwa kusvika zvishomanana embodiments.

• Inobatsira Hurumende uye vanhu tsika anotsigirwa pamutemo dzemunharaunda uye avo Implementation, mamiriro ezvinhu (kuremekedza vakuru, kutarisira vana, zvainyanya kukosheswa iri pfuma ukama, uye zvichingodaro. N.).
• mitemo Legal vari nenguva uye kuti vadzinge kukuvadza vanhu tsika dzakadai Somuenzaniso, doro, kana kuti munhu marudzi, roora, vendetta, mwenga mutengo uye vamwe nemitemo Sharia. Kune tsika chokuita rudzi kana zvitendero, izvo muropa akagura mamiriro.
• Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zviri pamutemo dzemunharaunda hava- tsika, vachingoshandisa kana inesungano interpersonal ukama kana mutengi maitiro.

Mienzaniso zvemitemo fastening tsika dzenyika

Kana tsika anowana nomutemo hunhu uye kutevedzerwa neHurumende kudzora mashandiro, rikawira akatsiga zvikuru chinzvimbo.

Somuenzaniso, tsika dzekare kuti anowanzoramba zviri zvaiita wemuTesitamende mumisha Russian. Vane kusvikira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. vaiva hwaro pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo mabasa munyika kushandiswa nenyika ukama. kusawirirana All yomuka panguva kushandisa imwe mugove, vakanga vakatsunga iri musha musangano ichiitirwa uye akateterera kudare chete mune zviitiko apo mumwe mapato vaiona kuti sarudzo kunaka.

. The musimboti mudare mutemo kwakadaro Somuenzaniso, nyaya dzakadai kukuvadzwa ne mombe zvirimwa, skew (kukanganisa miganhu apo Mowing), adyara pedyo achikanganisa, etc. ave dzinongoita kunge zvinosiyana chaizvo tsika dzosera kukuvadza akaenzana simba kana kusarudza ukoshi hwayo: "Imi vakadyara mukoto yangu uye andichadzvara wako, "" nokuda kukohwa zviyo kumorwa kubva zvisiri pamutemo seeded achikanganisa - 8 ukapisa murwi muridzi, uye 8.5 -. kushanda "

The ukama dzevagari uye zvakafanana mutemo muRussia

Zvisinei, mune nezvakatongwa tsika Russian Federation mazuva ano kashoma akashandisa nezvemafuta mutemo netsika, sezvo kusvikira ikozvino haana dzakabudirira chose uye kwete kwakatora nguva refu zvakakwana kugadzikana pamutemo hurongwa uye voruzhinji kuziva anoramba kuchinja, izvo kunotadzisa kusikwa kwegadziriro hwakagadzwa tsika izvo zvingaita kuva manyuko mutemo.

Asi nyika kukurumidza kutanga muitiro tagutsikana vehurumende zvibvumirano, hwakavakirwa pakuremekedza zvakajairika mitemo uye tsika uye paumbwe Saizvozvowo pamusoro yemakambani Codes. Custom - zvitubu murairo rinoshanda kunyanya munzvimbo mutemo private, sezvo pane vechikamu pamutemo ukama vane imwe rusununguko rwokusarudza.

Chii bhizimisi muitiro?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, tsika pamutemo aiva zvichida inonyanya kuparadzirwa kwevagari mutemo. Civil Code kutaura kuti tsika dzebhizimisi turnover - mutemo zvakanaka hwakagadzwa mufambiro kazhinji kushanda mune imwe nzvimbo yokutengeserana, kwete akapa nomutemo uye pasinei iri imwe gwaro kana kwete kunyorwa.

Somuenzaniso, mumwe neMuvhuro panguva emakambani muRussia kuitisa kuronga misangano, kufamba kuti tekisi mumaguta akawanda munyika kubhadhara zvakananga pasuo, uye muna Irkutsk nekusiyana - kana iwe anongoerekana kana panguva Nhaurirano kuitika mune Datenroku kana resitorendi, kana kusingajekeswi mberi, vakadzi vega hazvitsivi. miitiro izvi zvinogona kunzi, uye kugwinha maoko, muedzo mugumisiro kubvumirana uye kururama kwemashoko vane risiti, vanopupurirwa pedyo siginicha uye zvichingodaro. N.

Enterprise kukura kwakanga riwedzere kuti chidzoke mitemo itsva mune zvebhizimisi uye zvebhizimisi. Ivo mukwanisi aripo mitemo kune zviitiko apo ekupedzisira hadzikwanisi zvidikanwi chero zvoupenyu basa ukama. Saka, muna Art. 309 of Civil Code rinotaurwa Somuenzaniso, kuti nokubatira vanofanira chaiyo kunowirirana zvaidiwa nomutemo kana mirau, kana pasina dzayo - tsika dzebhizimisi turnover. A yakafanana kubatana ane unyanzvi. 82 huri Customs Code of Russian Federation.

Sei pamwe tsika nemakambani muRussia?

Peoples yeRussian zvinomiririra madzinza akawanda nemapoka netsika zvakasiyana, netsika. Izvi nzvimbo yose nhoroondo ehurumende zvokutaurira kudiwa kufungawo National chakaita pamutemo mutemo.

Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana, maitiro hurumende kuti zvinobvira kushanda tsika dzakasiyana: pakutevera nheyo vakasununguka kukura vashoma yenyika kuti kutsunga mhosva kuita kuti sarudzo zvinobva tsika runodiwa.

Asi muna Russia, zvisinei pamutemo nzvimbo, pagara paine zviri zvetsika pamutemo hurongwa, nokusika dzimwe nguva zvinhu kaviri murau. Nenzira, zvave Zvisinei akachengetedzwa kusvikira panguva ino,, kuenda kuvandudza nekuita pakati zvakanaka (the state) uye zvetsika kurudyi.

mhedziso

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva apa, netsika - muenzaniso maitiro kuti anogona kuva manyuko mutemo. Tsika dziri dzakachinjwa: chikamu wavo vakasuma evanhu tsika, vamwe - vari zvavakatemerwa nevamwe sectors munzanga, vamwe - vanova usashanda uye kupera.

Tsika kuita sezvo mitemo supplementing mutemo, uyewo dzapiwa zvakakodzera uye zvinogoneka muupenyu ose nhengo munzanga, izvo zvakasikwa vanhu, uye kushandiswa kwawo anobatsirawo kukwidza padanho tsika pamutemo, uyewo kuunganidza ruzivo mune hukama pakati vagari ehurumende, vakatsvaka kumisa misoro hweruzhinji.