Zhivkov Todor: Biography, mhuri

Zhivkov, Todor Hristov aiva Bulgarian enyika uye mutungamiriri makore mazhinji (kubvira 1954 kusvika 1989) the Bulgarian Communist Party. Mumakore 35 utungamiri webato, aiva musimboti zvepamusoro munyika: Prime Minister (1962-1971) uye sachigaro State Council of People kuti Republic of Bulgaria (1971-1989), kureva of facto uye of jure, aiva mukuru wehurumende.

Background, dzidzo uye vechidiki

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Todor Zhivkov? Biography ake akatanga September 7, 1911 mumusha Pravets, pedyo Sofia, mumhuri murimi mudiki. Muna 1928 akabatana Bulgarian Communist Youth League, iyo chokuita Bulgarian Vashandi 'Party (BRP). Sangano iri pamutemo enyika akasikwa pashure nokurambidzwa 1924, ari Bulgarian Communist Party, kufanorongwa muna September 1923 kumukira nezvombo kubvuta simba munyika.

Todor Zhivkov kudzidza mudiki chesekondari muna Pravets muna 1929 uye kudzidza 6th (nhasi 10 ndipo) gore kusekondari Botevgrad. Akabva munzvimbo Sofia, kwaakanga chikoro chesekondari, akabva kushanda sezvo typefounder ari yemo wehurumende imba rokudhinda.

Kutanga zvematongerwo enyika

Muna 1932 Zhivkov Todor akava nhengo BRP. Nokukurumidza vakava nhengo Sofia Party Committee uye Munyori Second Committee Bureau. zita rake pachivande raiva "Yanko." Kunyange zvazvo BRP uye rakarambidzwa pamwe nemamwe ose ezvematongerwe enyika mushure yemuna yaMay 19, 1934, asi vakaramba kuva Assembly National, uye Zhivkov ari prewar nguva zvaibatanidzwa mubasa rake, panguva iyoyo sezvo munyori yoruwa reDare CVT muSofia. Kubva July 1938 kusvika November 1942, akanga akavanda dzimwe mumisha Bulgarian (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) nomudzimai wake Maroy Maleevoy, uyo akashanda navo sezvo kuDzimba.

Yezwi zvombo kurwisa hurumende

Panguva Second World War, mutongo madenderedzwa ane Bulgaria inotungamirwa chevaux Boris vaiva vatsigiri Nazi Germany, akapa National ndima kuisa mauto ayo. Bulgarian Mauto yakarwisa Yugoslavia uye Greece akanzi hondo Great Britain neUnited States, asi panguva imwe chete Bulgaria haana vakakwanisa haana kuenda kundorwa USSR.

Bulgarian vaKomonisiti pamwe pakutanga kweHondo Yenyika II, akatanga kusika kwavo mauto emagandanga. Sezvo June 1943 Zhivkov Todor Mutongo Sofia Regional Komiti BRP akagadzwa nhengo mudonzvo First Sofia mupanduki kushanda wongoramba. Zvakanga inoona nezvenjodzi yesangano maumbirwo t. Inonzi. Vanhu Rorusununguko, akasikwa March 1943. Sezvo chikamu mapazi vakavhura vaviri partisan brigades, dzakabatana gumi uye mapoka yetsiva. Zhivkov aiva mumiriri mvumo pamusoro Staff yacho sechinhu partisan "Chavdar", ipapo rearranged ari chete partisan bhurigedhi pasi murayiro Dobri Dzhurova kuita munharaunda Sofia. Munguva yepashure pehondo, vakawanda vaimutsigira Zhivkov bhurigedhi "Chavdar" achiitei vakakurumbira zvinzvimbo Bulgarian mamiriro masangano.

The nepfari nesimba vaKomonisiti

By pakutanga September 1944 muBulgaria akaramba mauto German sevatsigiri ayo, kunyange hurumende uye aida kurega kwavo. Achishandisa chokwadi ichi, hurumende yeSoviet 5 September 1944, vakazivisa hondo pamusoro kuBulgaria. September 8, 1944 mauto eSoviet pamusoro Third Ukrainian Front pasi Marshal Tolbukhin uye Black Sea Fleet akatora guta iri Bulgarian Sea Black nemhenderekedzo, apo mauto hadzipiwi nemishonga. Zuva rakatevera (September 9) yechiKomonisiti vachimupandukira Sofia uye akapidigura hurumende Muravieva kuti zuva isati yapinda muhondo ne Soviet Union akasarudza kuzivisa hondo Germany, asi haana kuva nguva kudaro nokuda kunonoka kweuto dhipatimendi Mamaneja chokuita vaKomonisiti. Kana political chivande Muravieva cabinet akatadza, Soviet Union aifanira pamutemo kuunza mauto munzvimbo muvengi kuGermany, izvo angadai akaita nokushorwa ayo vatsigiri Western.

Somugumisiro nezvezviitiko September 1944 muBulgaria hafu remakore yaitongwa neDare Communist Party uye akava mutungamiriri nyika, Georgi Dimitrov, mumakore gumi pamberi famed rake maitiro noushingi ari yakakurumbira Leipzig muitiro. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo Bulgarian mauto ariita parutivi Soviet Union uye muchirongwa kurwa Yugoslavia, Hungary neAustria.

Simuka webato basa pashure September 9, 1944

Kubva September kuna November 1944 Zhivkov Todor aiva musoro enyika pakati mudonzvo vanhu varwi uye akava Munyori Sofia City Committee of PDU rechitatu. 27 February, 1945 akava mumiriri nokuti Central Committee webato nhengo. Kubva January 1948 aiva munyori chokutanga Sofia City Committee of PDU uyewo sachigaro weguta reDare Yababa Front, iyo, kunze vaKomonisiti, uye inosanganisira vamwe Bulgarian mapato. At rechishanu Congress of BRP, musi waDecember 27, 1948, kusarudzwa kuti Central Committee of Party, izvo akatangazve zita Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). Zhivkov Todor nguva kuzodzosera kusarudzwa muna rinodzora iri BCP, kusvikira December 8, 1989, apo akanga adzingwa zvachose.

Way pamusoro veboka simba

Muna October 1949, Zhivkov akatungamirira kwesangano uye Instruction Dhipatimendi Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party, muna January 1950, akava munyori Communist Party, uye muna November iye akasarudzwa ari kukwikwidza nhengo yayo Politburo. Kubva July 1951 kusvika November 1989 Zhivkov - nhengo Political Bureau of Party Central Committee. Musoro Secretariat ari Party Central Committee kubva 1953.

Zvisinei, simba chaiye ari mubato, iye yakatangwa shure April Plenum of Central Committee (2-6 April 1956), iro chinoratidza kutanga unhu chitendero debunking Vylko Chervenkov yepedyo mutsigiri Georgi Dimitrov, uyo akafa muna 1949. Tchervenkov muna 1950-1956 gg. aiva Prime Minister of kuBulgaria, uye mumakore 1950-1954 - mukuru munyori Central Committee of BCP. Panguva yokutonga kwake akaratidza hwusina kuvimbika kuna Stalin, kuti vatevedzere manyorero maitiro ake uye chitarisiko.

Pashure Stalin afa, simba webato kubva Chervenkov akava zvishoma nezvishoma kune Zhivkov. Chokutanga zvakanzi yakapedza pambiru General Munyori Central Committee, uye pashure wechitanhatu Party Congress (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov akasarudzwa kuti vachangobva kusikwa pambiru First Munyori Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party (yaiitika kusvikira April 4, 1981).

Tikafunga bato uye hurumende namagwatidziro

Kubva muna 1946 kusvika muna 1990. Zhivkov akasarudzwa Mutevedzeri of National Assembly (Parliament). November 19, 1962, akanga yakatsiviwa Anton Yugova sezvo wehurumende. Iye akabata this post kusvikira July 9, 1971, apo akanga yakatsiviwa Stanko Todorov.

Kubvira muna 1971, Zhivkov akava sachigaro richangobva akasika Council of State of Zimbabwe Bulgaria (chaizvoizvo musoro state). Iye akabata chinzvimbo ichi kusvikira 17 November 1989.

Bulgaria akapotsa akava rechi16 zvokuvhoterwa of USSR

December 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov sezvo BCP Central Committee First Secretary uye Prime Minister pachake wataurwa plenum reCentral Committee of Bulgarian nyaya dzaita kuti Central Committee of CPSU panyaya kwohumwe convergence uye remangwana kwemapazi zvevanhu Republic of muBulgaria uye Soviet Union, zvichiita wechi16 zvokuvhoterwa yeSoviet Union, saka kuva kutyisidzira nyika rusununguko. Central Committee plenum akarumbidza pfungwa se "inoshamisa kuratidza uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye internationalism", iro vachasimudza "ushamwari pamapatya uye nzwisisika pamwe pakati nyika yedu uye Soviet Union kuvandudza." The kuroorwa "kusika zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye pfungwa ezvinhu rakazara kubatana kwakaita pamapatya nyika yedu vaviri "zvakanzi vachibvumirana anotenderwa panguva plenary chechikamu uye pachake chasainwa Todor Zhivkov, asi akarambwa Soviet Union.

Chikamu iri kudzvinyirira of Prague Spring

Chisarudzo pamusoro kutora chikamu Bulgaria muchiuto kupindira pashure pamusoro Prague Spring rakagamuchirwa neDare Vashumiri, sachigaro ne Todor Zhivkov. Rakanga mutemo pamusoro-muchivande Council of Vashumiri Mutemo № 39 NRB 20.VIII.1968 pamwe nechido rokusarudza muchimiro "kupa rubatsiro mauto kuti Communist Party of Czechoslovakia uye Czechoslovak vanhu". Muchiuto mashandiro kwaisanganisirawo rechi12 uye 22th inifanduri regiments rinosvika 2164 murume uye tangi rechiuto pamwe 26 michina T-34.

Removal kubva kuhofisi

Muna 1989, munyika dzakawanda pakati mugovanisi mumusasa vaKomonisiti akarasikirwa simba somugumisiro nokumukirana uye the, anosarudza mukuru kwakaderera Soviet Union uye kugumiswa nzvimbo kutsigira Vos parutivi rwake. It haana vapukunyuka vanhuwo mugumo uye Bulgaria. November 9 pamusangano of Political Bureau of Central Committee of Bulgarian Communist Party Zhivkov Todor akasiya pambiru yake ave mutungamiriri webato, fume plenum of Central Committee, iro mvumo yokurega ake uye akakurudzira kuti National Assembly kumusunungura kubva pambiru sachigaro State Council. November 17 Zhivkov vakarasika uye this post. Muna January 1990, akanga asungwa, akanga akapa vanoverengeka nokupomera vanoshungurudzwa simba. Nokuti kuti zviremera muBulgaria kusvika 90 makore 20 st. akachengetedza yaimbova Communist Party, kunzi Socialist Party, t. e. akaramba ari mumaoko vaduku nevamwe Zhivkov, mugumo wake haana utsinye sezvo mutungamiri Romanian Communist Ceausescu. Kusvikira 1996, Zhivkov aiva musungwa aigara mumba, nyaya pamusoro pake kuti kuongororwa usimbe, uye kukurumbira aimbova mutungamiriri pamusoro pakanyorwa kuderera mamiriro ezvinhu zvoupfumi munyika akakura. Asi akanga atova akaruramiswa zvakakwana haana fated. Muna August 1998, zvishoma pamberi nemakore 87, akafa nemabayo.

Todor Zhivkov: Family

The wezvematongerwe enyika akanga akaroora (kuna July 1938) pa Mare-Jivkova Maleeva, uyo akafa muna 1971 kubva kenza. Vaiva mwanakomana uye mwanasikana. mwanasikana Todor Zhivkov kuti Lyudmila (ona. Photo pazasi), akakurumbira Bulgarian uri wenhoroondo, kwemakore matanhatu sezvo mukuru Bulgarian nehurumende Committee iri Arts uye Culture. Akafa muna 1981 kubva sitiroko.

Mwanakomana enyika Vladimir achiri mupenyu, mwanakomana wake mukukudza yakakurumbira sekuru ainzi Zhivkov Todor. Muzukuru Politika Evgeniya (mwanasikana Ekaterina Zhivkova) ndiye Bulgarian enyika uye wakachenjera, nguva mapfumbamwe (2001 uye 2009) akasarudzwa kuti National Assembly.