Customs Union - chii ichi? State of Customs Union

The Customs Union achiumbwa nechinangwa pakusika rimwe nzvimbo, uye mukati maro mune tsika mabasa uye zvoupfumi kurambidzwa. Anosiyiwa vari compensatory, kudzivirira uye Anti-nokurasa matanho. Customs Union kunosanganisira kushandisa nevakawanda tsika mutero uye mamwe matanho zvakagadzirirwa waidzora kutengeserana nezvinhu pamwe munyika rechitatu.

tsananguro

Customs mubatanidzwa - mumwe mubatanidzwa anoverengeka nhengo rinoti, izvo kuitisa vadyi mabasa pasango netsika itsika. Uyewo aparadza netsika mabasa uye muganhu pakati mapato, uye mamwe nyika akatanga zvakafanana tsika mutero.

nyaya

Wokutanga chirwirangwe kwakadaro yakabuda negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, ane vechikamu vaiva France uye Monaco.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, akapedzisa Customs Union - ndiye Switzerland uye hugota pamusoro Liechtenstein. Unogonawo kumbotipa somuenzaniso kuguma remakore rechimakumi maviri, ari General Agreement musi tariffs, uye Trade, European Economic Community hwagadzwa muna 1957, iyo yakapedza kurambidzwa zvose pamusoro kutengeserana pakati mapato, uye pave zvakafanana tsika mutero hwekutengeserana pamwe nyika rechitatu. The European Association yakaumbwa muna 1960 vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, izvo aparadza mitero dzimwe tsika uye quantitative zvairambidzwa wezvokutengeserana nokuwadzana nhengo.

Nyika pokuita EEC uye EFTA nyika vachiri aripo kusiyana netsika nemirau hapana mabasa nevakawanda kutengeserana, mune mugovanisi munyika havana Customs Union, asi zvibvumirano chokuita pamwe uye rubatsiro nokuwirirana yetsika nyaya.

zvakajairika zviridzwa, nzira uye nezvimiro kuti kunyoresa nhumbi kunge akatanga ive pashoo uye zvokutengeserana zvakanaka. Dzakasaina zvibvumirwano pamusoro anoitwa netsika Clearance. zvibvumirano izvi mhanyisa sangano kwenhumbi, simbisa musika pose uye kudzivirira marudzi ose kutyorwa.

Muna 2010 iye akasikwa imwe tsika pamwe, izvo zvinosanganisira Russia, Kazakhstan uye Belarus. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuumba tsika chete ndima uye rinopa zvose masimba mabasa.

Gore rino, vakapinda Customs Union Kyrgyzstan, Russia, panguva iyoyowo achisimbisa chinzvimbo chacho.

Kuitwa pakati Customs Union

October 6, 2007 akasaina Treaty pakati Russian Federation, Belarus uye kuKazakhstan pamusoro yezwi chete tsika mubatanidzwa.

Musi waJuly 1, 2010 sezvakatenderanwa Customs Code akava operative tsika kuroora nharaunda nyika nhatu.

Yakapedza kuzivisa uye kunyoresa nenguva tsika pa kumuganhu vatatu inoti. Goods anogona kufamba pasina Clearance, iyo anobvisa mari. Vanotanga nyore uye kunoderedza mari kutumirwa nhumbi.

Gare gare musi mundima Union ichibudira Common Economic Space (kumahofisi) pamwe chete munhu achishanda musika mabasa, izvo kuwedzera zvokutengeserana kunosanganisira basa uye dzimwe nzvimbo basa zhinji.

2015 Customs Union aizivikanwa chiitiko chitsva. imwe nhengo sangano kupinda kunoita vamwe kuchinja geopolitics. A mamiriro mutsva sangano Customs Union (Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Kazakhstan nevamwe) kuchawedzera kutengeserana ukama kuna GAC kunyika.

tsananguro

Customs Union - Sangano anokanda kuwedzera zvoupfumi pamwero iri Member States. Created musika ane vanopfuura mamiriyoni 180 vanhu vane mari turnover kuti $ 900 billion.

Pakuguma Customs Union zvinhu kutamira pachena kumarudzi munharaunda pamwe kuitwa pasi rose kuzvidzora.

Kana kunze kwenyika rakanyorwa chokwadi, kuti excise basa bhadharika haisi zvakakodzera, uye VAT mwero iri razero.

Kana kupinzwa kuRussia kubva Kazakhstan uye Belarus, kuRussia mutero zviremera uraire excise basa uye VAT. Customs Union - zviri nyore uye mutengo-inobudirira muchimiro kwokukurukurirana.

mamiriro

Nhengo sangano GAC (Customs Union)

- Russia uye Kazakhstan (kubvira 01.07.2010).

- Belarus (kubva 06.07.2010 years).

- Armenia (kubva 10.10.2014 years).

- Kyrgyzstan (kubva 08.05.2015 years).

Musarudzo nhengo:

- Tajikistan.

- Siria.

- Tunisia.

Kubatana Customs Union kukwikwidza nyika munyaya ramangwana. Pakuwedzera sangano anokwanisa kugadzirisa musika nyika. Login kukwikwidza nyika yacho Customs Union (Tajikistan, Siriya, Tunisia) - iri kutarisira zvakawanda dzakabudirira nokuda pakuwedzera munzvimbo dzavo.

Dare miviri

Supreme rinodzora - International Council of Namachinda State uye Government. Uyewo, maererano chibvumirano zvakatangwa Commission of Tsika Union, riri wechigarire mutumbi murau.

Masangano ose pemasimba epamusoro muna 2009 ichiitwa misoro matanho vakwanise yakachengeteka contractual uye dzepamutemo hwaro Customs Union.

By zvasarudzwa Vatungamiri nhengo kunyika ari Union chakatangwa Economic Commission somubatanidzwa wechigarire supranational pamutemo muviri kuzvidzora, izvo omurume reSupreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Huru zvakwakanakira

The chikuru zvakanakira ari Customs Union kuti zvoupfumi masangano kana tichienzanisa vakasununguka kutengeserana mapazi vari:

• On mundima Customs Union yekudyidzana akaderedza mutengo rakasikwa, kubudiswa uye kufamba nhumbi.
• nguva uye mutengo rezvemari, simuka nokuda administrative zvipingamupinyi, yekudyidzana ungaderedza.
• Kuwanda netsika kurapa zvinodiwa ndima zvichiita nhumbi kubva kunyika yechitatu ungaderedza.
• Dzawanika pamisika, itsva zvinhu.
• Kubatana netsika mitemo kwakatungamirira yaro anoitwa.

The Customs Union uye WTO

In nedanho pakusikwa Customs Union yave akaratidza kutyira zhinji pamusoro kupikisana motokari mitemo pamwe WTO mitemo.

Muna 2011, sangano rave akapfupikisa ose ayo prices kuti zvizere zvaidiwa dzemunharaunda of WTO. Kana mamiriro of Customs Union vachapinda WTO, achaiswa prioritized WTO mitemo.

Muna 2012, Russia akabatana WTO, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuvandudzwa of Common Customs mutero kuna Customs Union nyika maererano WTO zvinodiwa. The pamwero 90 muzana imupota mabasa kumbochinja.

zvemukati kusawirirana

Muna November 2014 chairehwa nyama Belarus kuRussia rakarambidzwa. The vhoriyamu yakanga matani anenge 400,000. Zvisinei, kuRussia divi akatora matanho sungisa kudzora zvinhu kuti vayambuke muganhu Belarus, izvo zvinopesana itsanangudzo mitemo ngoro kwenhumbi, kushanda munharaunda yacho Customs Union.

Vacherechedzi akaona kongiri kuti zvigadziriswe of Tsika Union uye apiwa ekisipoti mashandiro muRussia akanaka zvinorambidzwa zvinhu European. Somuenzaniso, hove kupinzwa kubva Belarus, usina nzira yokubudisa kugungwa, yakawedzera 98 muzana Russia.

Belarusian President AG Lukashenka akanga dzinoronga nokuda zvairambidzwa Russian divi uye mhosva rokuRussia kutyora mitemo Tsika Union uye kuzvidza mutemo dzakawanda.

Maererano vacherechedzi, mavanga, mitemo vane pfungwa, maererano izvo zvakaitika kurambidzwa kubudikidza Russia iri wezvokutengeserana uye yokufambisa kwenhumbi ari Belarusian divi ane kodzero kutevedza chibvumirano kondirakiti.

Muna 2015 Belarus akadzokera Russian kumuganhu pamuganhu kuzvidzora, nokudaro akatyorerwa Pakuurayiwa EAEC Treaty. Zvakange zvakare rakazivisa zvichida kuramba ari Ruble sechinhu mari kuti nzvimbo uye kudzoka vachibhadhara muna US zvemadhora. Nyanzvi Russian vanodavira kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, remunharaunda kusangana chikawira pasi kurwiswa.

tsoropodzo

Muna 2010, imwe kuedza nokushorwa mauto kuronga referendum nokuda kwokupa mhosva yacho chibvumirano chakaitwa. Kazakhstan akaita zvaaitaura kukanganisa wamambo kodzero.

Zvakange Akaitawo dzinonetsa mashoko ari Customs Union anotevera zvinhu:

• Achirwara-rinotsanangurwa mashoko wezvokutengeserana uye advertising vezvinhu.
• WTO zvinhu vakanga kwakaitwa Russia muna Kazakhstan uye Belarus, izvo nhengo masangano pamusoro havasi.
• Zveminda uye pakutengeserana zvichipomerwa zvisiri richiparadzirwa pakati kubatanidzwa nyika.
• The Customs Union hazvikubatsiriyi sechirongwa kuitika uye zvinogona vechikamu.

Zvichakadai, ongororo dzinoratidza kuti zvinoverengeka Pfungwa kwezvikonzero Customs Union pakawanda pamusoro zvinobatsira kuti chikamu.

Zvakanga zvakare akataura kuti Customs Union ari phantom, hazvina musoro sezvo enyika chakagadzirwa sangano.

Opinions munyika

Muna 2012, rakamirira kusangana Research pfungwa ongororo yakaitwa Eurasian Development Bank. Ongororo kwaibatanidza Kishi uye Georgia. Mubvunzo wakabvunzwa: "Unonzwa sei pamusoro ndechokuti upfumi Belarus, Kazakhstan uye Russia kunge vakabatana?". mhinduro inotevera vakanga vagamuchira, kuuya uye kushandisa nhengo iri Customs Union:

- Tajikistan: "zvakanaka" 76%, "hanya" 17% "kunaka" 2%.

- Kazakhstan: "zvakanaka" 80%, "hanya" 10% "kunaka" 5%.

- Russia: "zvakanaka" 72%, "hanya" 17% "kunaka" 4%.

- Uzbekistan: "zvakanaka" 67%, "hanya" 14% "kunaka" 2%.

- Kyrgystan: "zvakanaka" 67%, "hanya" 15% "kunaka" 8%.

- Moldova "chokwadi" 65%, "hanya" 20% "kunaka" 7%.

- Armenia: "zvakanaka" 61%, "hanya" 26% "kunaka" 6%.

- Belarus: "zvakanaka" 60%, "hanya" 28% "kunaka" 6%.

- Ukraine: "zvakanaka" 57%, "hanya" 31% "kunaka" 6%.

- Azerbaijan: "zvakanaka" 38%, "hanya" 46% "kunaka" 11%.

- Georgia: "zvakanaka" 30%, "hanya" 39% "kunaka" 6%.

nyanzvi nepfungwa

Maererano Munyori Tsika Union Commission Sergeya Glazeva, GAC zvinobatsira zvose maererano geopolitics, uye maererano upfumi. Izvi zvinokosha budiriro kuti anopa chisingarambiki zvazvakanakira States Mapato.

Maererano FTF Russian mutungamiri Andrei Belyaninov ari musangano muna 2009, ari Customs Union pakutanga huchishanda achasika zvinetso mabhizimisi uye tsika masimba, asi hakuna kupfuura kuchinja nguva.

Purezidhendi Belarus Alexander Lukashenko anopa tsanangudzo Customs Union Sedanho kuitira kuti nokuumba chete zvoupfumi nzvimbo, iyo yaizova chimiro zvakakodzera mamiriro ezveupfumi pakati kubatanidzwa nyika.