Egyptian cartouche - ndiye pakuva vanaFarao

Mashiripiti uye asinganzwisisiki nyika yeIjipiti yekare vachiri kunokwezva vanhu vanobva pasi pose. Vazhinji ake ezuva nezuva unhu nhasi tiri chakavanzika kuna vakawanda.

Munyaya ino tichaedza zvishoma kusimudza chifukidzo pachivande. Uchadzidza chii muEgipita cartouche. sedumwa ichi, nyora mucherechedzo, kana zvimwewo?

Sei decipher hieroglyphs?

Zviri tsamba wavatorwa uye kujairika rinoburitsa ane ziso. "Zviratidzo matsvene," sezvo vakanga nezita vaGiriki vekare, kana hieroglyphs zvokutemerwa ibwe inoperera ari mapiramidhi, Stella, evhu zvakanyorwa pamapepa enhokwe uye yematehwe. Asi hapana ari pedyo vanhu havana kunangana kwazviri kupinda pakurangana kwavo.

Naizvozvo, gadziriro decoding tsamba iyi yakanonoka kwemakore akawanda. The budiriro akauya chete netsaona. aiongorora French Francois Shompolon akakwanisa decipher chikamu chinokosha pazvinhu kushandisa mashoko Rosetta Stone. Rakanga maviri chete rwezuva. Mumwe muchiGiriki yekare, wechipiri - iri muEgipita.

Wokutanga deciphered mazita Ptolemy uye Cleopatra, akanyudzwa mukati cartouches.

Saka, pakutanga Egyptology akaisa chaizvo vatambi izvi. Photo of Rosetta akanyorwa anogona kuonekwa pazasi.

Mhando hieroglyphic kunyora

Izvi kunyora ezvinhu yakatanga kwenguva refu. Inotorwa musi vaongorori vanodavira vomukova IV uye III chemakore BC.

Pakutanga kwaiva nyore pictograms, kuti iri kuswedera shoko kwaireva. Kana zuva ndokukweverwazve, ipapo zvaizoreva chete kuti chiedza uye hapana chimwe.

Gare gare kutanga kuwedzera yezvinoreva kwemifananidzo. Zvino zuva kungareva kwete pacharo chete, asiwo shoko kwakadaro se "zuva."

Nokufamba kwenguva, tsamba hunowedzera kuoma. Zvino yekare inomiririra tsamba, mabhii, mashoko.
Pane dzimwe kunyora hurongwa. zvino pane tsamba demotic uye hieratic, uye chekare hieroglyphs matsvene. Photos of fonts maviri okutanga dziri pazasi.

Chii chinonzi cartouche? mufananidzo

Sezvo hieroglyphs muIjipita deciphered French, uye chiratidzo ichi chainzi kubva mutauro uyu. "Cartouche" rinoreva "pasuru, tsapo," izvo, chokwadi, iye anoyeuka.

Kutaura chokwadi, sezvo zvikazooneka, ndiko stylized mufananidzo dzisingaperi zvindori. Nezvake tozotaura gare gare.

Saka, chii chinorehwa chiratidzo ichi? VaEgipita akaitumidza "chenois" - "isingagumi". Cartouche - rinokosha dunhu ane chinosimbisa - okoltsovka yamambo zita rwezuva. Zvakafanana munzira ano achinyora tsamba guru. Yekare nokuti haana guru uye zviduku tsamba, nyora mavanga.

Pakuonekwa chokutanga chiratidzo ichi musi kudzokera yaitonga Farao Sneferu, makore anenge 2500 BC.

The cartouche zvinyore maviri wokutanga mazita mashanu Farao, sezvo dzasara nhatu chete madunhurirwa. Shoko rokutanga ndiro zita rakapiwa pamukwidza pachigaro, uye wechipiri - vakapiwa pavaizvarwa.

Sezvambotaurwa, muIjipiti makanga dzakawanda mumanyoro, fonts. The kurzive (Demotic) cartouche - chiri peya mumabhuraketi uye rusvingo mutsetse.

mhete Shen

Pakutanga, chiratidzo ichi chinomiririra pakusingaperi kudzivirirwa nemauto evavengi. Gare gare, muna yeGirisi Roman nguva, inobatanidzwa Ouroborosom, nyoka inoruma pachake muswe wayo.

Pakati pezana remakore rechitatu BC, vanaFarao akatanga kushandiswa zita rake urwu runodzivirira mashiripiti chimiro. Mashoko maviri chigaro zita rokutanga rakapiwa pakuzvarwa uye vave kuzivikanwa nevakawanda.

Richishandiswa kuva kuti kana ukadzidza zita chairo munhu kana chinhu, kuti vawane simba pamusoro pavo. mashura ichi vakapona kusvikira XIX remakore, apo Grimm hama vakanyora nyaya "Rumpelstiltskin."

Kakawanda chiratidzo "chenois" shamwari raitonga Farao Horus, norukodzi-mwari. The yokupedzisira harisi chete kunodzivirira mambo, asi anobvumira kuti ushe nokusingaperi sezvinoita mudyi wenhaka yake. Izvi zvinoratidzwa paitwa davi, iro pane stylized cartouche. Ndicho chiratidzo ushe.

Saka, vanaFarao pamutemo vaizviti simba raMwari pamusoro Membros Egipita.

mazango

Kudavira mashiripiti, uroyi, kukwanisa kukuvadza pachivande mumwe munhu akapa kukura mirayiridzo iyi, sezvo zvaAtemisi mazango uye mazango.

Pakutanga zvakanga chete chiratidzo mhuri youmambo. Vakakomberedza zita Farao wake. Asi gare gare, apo nyika akauya pasi pokudzora vakundi siyana, unhu ichi ndanogara muchikwata che mutengi. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, muEgipita cartouche - zviri chete varara nokuda sedumwa.

Izvi denderedzwa pahwendefa ibwe, simbi, matanda, kana nevhu, iyo yakanyorwa zita munhu uyo akaritenga.

Pane ngano dzakawanda pamusoro Nezvekwakabva cartouche iri basa ane sedumwa.

Maererano wokutanga wavo, chinhu stylized shinda rope, apo muArabhu uye Bedouins zvinovakomberedza matende avo. Kanoita ari ingress nezvipembenene duku, nezvinyavada, nyoka nezvimwe nezvinokambaira mukati.

Chechipiri shanduro ndechokuti munhu dzose anodzivirira mashiripiti denderedzwa.

Chechitatu pedyo muEgipita tsika. Muno cartouche kuona stylized mufananidzo mwari wenyika Geb (the chinjikira mutsetse), pamusoro inomira mukuru mwarikadzi Nut. Rinotaura uye anodzivirira vose matambudziko uye zvomunyama.

Pfungwa iri usingaonekwi tsika yeIjipiti yekare zvakanzi vaidavira kuti cartouche ine chimedu mweya wemunhu, ane zita rakanyorwa mukati.

Saka, mudikani vaverengi, nhasi takadzidza nemi kuti cartouche ichi muIjipita.