Place uye gore nheyo Yaroslavl: shanduro uye ngano

guta rimwe nerimwe rine nhoroondo yayo, ruzere zviitiko uye dzinonakidza zvinhu zvakafanana womunhu Biography. The yokugara vekare, kunakidza ndiye, yakawanda ngano, dzechembere uye ngano runopoteredza iwayo kuti vasingazivikanwi kuti murume ano. Chimwe chezvinhu maguta vekare Russia ndiyo parera Yechinwiwa Ring - Yaroslavl.

chikuru mashoko

Modern Yaroslavl - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, muzinda tourism, guta Russian yekare, ane nhoroondo iri zvemakore. Saka kure, gore nheyo Yaroslavl inyaya gakava pakati dzekare uye vematongo. The Kucherwa pamahombekombe ari Volga akaramba nguva dzose, izvo zvinopa mashoko mitsva pfungwa. Pamutemo, gore nheyo guta Yaroslavl - 1010. Hazvina pahwaro mashoko muna 2010, vaipemberera 1000th gore kweguta. Nhasi chinhu chikuru wezvokutengeserana uye zvokufambisa nomusimboti, nokuda kwayo nzvimbo. The zvemberi kugadzirwa: mafuta-achinatsa maindasitiri, zvokuimba engineering, makemikari indasitiri.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Nzvimbo Yaroslavl - the Volga erwizi, kana kupfuura chaiwo "museve", mumwe romumhenderekedzo yegungwa headland. Kotorosl River akaumba akakura p. Wex uye p. Muromo Volga runoyerera kupinda East European Plain, zvayo chinokosha. Volga Yaroslavl nharaunda akapfuma mvura, nzizi 240 uye nehova diki batanidza nemumwe kuti vaumbe mapazi samambure iyo inoshandiswa kununura siyana cargoes. Navanomanikidza rwizi Kotorosl uye vaiva chikamu Great Volga Route uye kuyeuka Rostov Lake, Klyazma, Oka uye Volga. Izvi mvura hurongwa inonzi nzira kubva "Varangians kusvika navaArabhu", zvinokwanisika kuramba kutengeserana ukama Arab East, dzekuma Scandinavia, ivo Khazars. Kugona, vagari venyika Volga akabatanidzwa guru basa kukura ukama nedzimwe nyika dzakavakidzana, nemhaka umboo zvekungofungira zvibvire uye zvakakodzera nheyo muguta Yaroslavl. Izvi kwaiva kugarwa ari Slavs pamusoro Volga rokutanga. Kotorosl River ndiye chete gang dzaibatanidza dzokumadokero chikamu Russia pamwe Rostov. Pakati Yaroslavl uye Rostov gang zhinji emakore njanji kuvakwa, zvakanga dzinokosha.

Nzvimbo Yaroslavl vakasarudzwa mukana: kana uchidzidza kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri nzvimbo, unogona kuona kuti munhu yamunenge nzvimbo kunhonga memasvingo zvakaoma. Settlement makachengeteka rakanyatsozarirwa kumativi matatu dzinongoitika ematongerwo. Volga Kotorosl dissected uye guta kubva huru chikamu bani Bear gully (kare ruchiyerera napakati payo mumwe ducts p. Kotorosl) akanga dzisingambosvikiki kurwiswa kupati wechitatu. The kutsigira wakakombwa zvakanaka kusimbisa chete inokwanisika nzira kuguta. Kutaura zvazviri "Museve" chitsuwa pakati aqueous nzvimbo.

Background pamusoro

Gore nheyo Yaroslavl achiri nyaya makakatanwa. Settlement panzvimbo ino asati. Asi chinhu chinodiwa kuti chidzoke munhu dzakavakirirwa ndezvokuti kuwedzera dzaishandiswa ukama. Zvichishandisa Volga sezvo huru mvura tsinga yacho munzvimbo kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti vakawanda nezvikepe zvavatengesi yakagadzirirwa avo akapfuma chigadzirwa uye regai rwizi. In chinonyanya yakakunakira nzvimbo rwizi nemabhangi vaiva nemisha duku makororo vakapamba nezvikepe zvavatengesi. At museve, uye vanoda pakati Volga Kotorosli, zvakanga murwi. Maererano zvechiuto, inzvimbo wakakwana nokuda makororo uye varindi vakarinda muganhu weutungamiriri. Kana iwe uzvitarise uye nokusimbaradza mundima kugarwa akapiwa zita Yaroslavl. Nhoroondo nheyo yekare guta riri chokuita Kiev muchinda Yaroslav. In emakore okutanga ayo kukura, guta rakanga aimbova dzakavakirirwa nharaunda, iyo akaita njodzi nzira Rostov. Saka, gore nheyo Yaroslavl se "nzvimbo" achiri chakavanzika.

prehistory

Pahwaro matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvinogona nharo kuti vemazuva Yaroslavl paiva yokugara rekare kudanana kudzokera I chemakore BC - nenguva pakutanga Iron Age. Asi panzvimbo ino iripo nemisha adarika, raiva pamberi III-V emakore. Foundation weguta Yaroslavl - X-XI remakore, kusvikira nguva ino Volga munharaunda yaigarwa Finno-Ugric marudzi. The zvishoma nezvishoma yokutama ari Slavs munzvimbo iyi kunotanga VIII-IX emakore. Zvisinei, vanochera matongo zhinji simbisa kuti Colonisation kwakaitika pasina mhirizhonga. Slavs hwakagara norugare navanhu Meria, uye kwenguva yakati madzinza husingakuvadzi yakabatana. Mugore nheyo Yaroslavl ari Volga River vakanga zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda, pane mishumo misha inoverengeka ane vagari vaiita hove uye ounyanzvi.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Around nerimwe yekare kugarwa pane nyaya dzakawanda. Izvi imhaka kushaya mashoko chaiwo zvakafanira kuzochera pfungwa ngano uye yaMakoronike, izvo zvakawanda akafanana rungano uye ane yakawanda yokunyepera. Yaroslavl ari mupfungwa iyi haisi kunze, nhoroondo yekare kwayakatangira kunosiya wandei nzvimbo fungidziro. With chivimbo, vanochera matongo zhinji uye kare zvinogona chete kutaura zvakaitika nheyo Yaroslavl Yaroslav vachenjeri. Izvi zvisina kunanga akatsinhira nezita reguta. Vazhinji zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti nguva regai kuramba shanduro iyi, asi kwainyanya aya wemamongi Archives. Musi nheyo Yaroslavl, nzvimbo yaro muvambi vanorondedzerwa mune hwakawanda huripo muzvinyorwa Archbishop Samuila Mislavskogo Yaroslavl. Zvinyorwa yakabudiswa mupristi Lebedev muna 1877 uye akaramba vakaongorora dzakaitika. Rinodzika nezita "Legend yaivakwa guta Yaroslavl '. Rugwaro rwacho rine tsika dzekare uye zvakanyorwa XII-XI emakore. Maererano mutsvakurudzi Voronina N. N. kugutsikana "Legends" kakawanda achimutsiridza, asi zvinhu mauya vaairarama munzvimbo undistorted muchimiro. Panewo zvimwe zvinyorwa, kudzidza inoramba nhasi, nokuti masayendisiti yanhasi mubvunzo kunakidza chaizvo - nheyo Yaroslavl. Versions uye ngano kwete zvakawanda, ivo vose vari zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga anoratidza Yaroslava Mudrogo sezvo muvambi kweguta. Naizvozvo, unofanira kudzidza mufananidzo wake nhoroondo zvizere.

Yaroslav Mudry

Grand Muchinda Kiev akaberekwa mugore 978. Baba pakarepo pashure pokuberekwa Jaroslav akamupa nyika muna Rostov hugota. Date nheyo weguta Yaroslavl - 1010, panguva nguva iyi muchinda anotonga Rostov nyika. About nguva ino ake upenyu zvakaoma kutaura chaiwo: hapana mashoko inochengeterwa. Rinokosha chinotaurwa yaMakoronike Prince Yaroslav chinotanga 1010, uye chokuita pakusikwa guta-nhare pamahombekombe ari Volga. The mberi kutapwa muchinda Rinobatanidzwa Novgorod, kwaakagara kubva 1011. Pakafa mukoma wake Vysheslava Vladimir (hama, baba), pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda dangwe anoisa Jaropolk muna Novgorod, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva huru zvechiuto uye Trade Center. Novgorod muduku kukupfura nhamba Kiev chete, Novgorod uye mamiriro seguta, rakanga yekudyidzana yepamusoro muna Rostov. Jaroslav zvakaitika nzira yakaoma musoro Grand Duke pamusoro Kiev, izvo achabatanidza nyika Russian uye kuhwina kuzivikanwa vanhu vake vakachenjera uye vakambovhenekerwa utongi. Zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Akachenjera" Yaroslav vanogamuchira chete XIX remakore, zvizvarwa uchawana basa rayo paumbwe rakabatana uye simba Russia. basa rake paumbwe muguta Yaroslavl dzinenge zvazvisingarambiki, asiwo yonhuwa ngano uye dzechembere. Nanhasi, tasvika shanduro huru mbiri, iyo kunokosha achitarisa zvizere.

The ngano pamusoro nheyo Yaroslavl

Makore gumi nemaviri apfuura kubva kubhabhatidzwa Rus, asi misha yakawanda akaramba vechihedheni. Pamahombekombe ari Volga River, munzvimbo confluence dzaro rwizi Kotorosl, yakanga iri ugari Ugol. Maererano zvinyorwa, vanhu maigara zvakaipa, "vechihedheni kutenda", kureva. E. The vahedheni. Vakanamata chifananidzo mwari Veles (Volos). Kwete kure musha yaiva tsvene, rakanga richibvira moto rwokuzvibayira uye vakanga emapuranga nemifananidzo zvifananidzo. Vanonamatwa nevagari Bear pakona mhuka, kusanganisira kiyi nzvimbo inogarwa nebere. Mune dzimwe Volosovo logovine zvibayiro kuna vanamwari vechihedheni, zvinokwanisika kuti munhu, ndokusaka vagari kugarwa vanorondedzerwa se vanhu zvakaipa. The chikuru sika pavagari Bear pakona vakanga achifudza, kuvhima uye hove, asi mukuru mari inobva zvaibiwa kwakaenderera kuti seiri achitevedza Volga nezvikepe zvavatengesi. Maererano nengano, muchinda, apo Rostov, Jaroslav nechikepe pedyo Volga chete navaranda vake. Akaona vanhu vomunharaunda misha angabira nezvikepe zvavatengesi uye vatengesi vakapindira. Ivo akatenda uye muchinda, vagari vemo, vachiona simba Rostov varwi, akabvuma bvuma naye. In Ugol ichi haisi zvakazara vabvuma Yaroslav, ipapo akaramba zvahunoita netsika dzechihedheni. Yaroslav chaizvo yakakunakira nzvimbo nzvimbo nzvimbo, maererano kudzivirirwa Rostov uye dzakapoteredza nyika nzira, saka ndakasarudza kuti ndinobhabhatidza vanhu uye kuvaka nzvimbo Bear angled revarwi vairinda. Akadzoka aine chikwata uye vatungamiriri vechechi zhinji, asi kugara havana kuenda saka nyore kupa vamwari vavo vakanyengetera kwemazana emakore. Panongotanga muchinda achipinda mumusha, zvaideredza "chikara nezvaizoita" uye remidzanga imbwa pamusoro pake uye ake boka racho. Nemhuka akaonekwa guru nebere - anotungamirira nouMwari vemumusha. Jaroslav hacked demo nebere, kwete imbwa yakarwisa munhu vakamupoteredza. Kubvira muchinda akarayira kutema miti uye kuvaka masvingo pamusoro "museve". Mune ramangwana, kubva revarwi vairinda ichi vakakura Yaroslavl, zita rayo muvambi.

Chechipiri Version

Bear angled Dyakovo murwi ateerera Jaroslav Prince Rostovskys nyika vakabhabhatidzwa asi matsvene dzechihedheni mhuka (nebere) akatanga kutsiva vagari vayo. Iye famba munharaunda nemisha uye akauraya vanhu vakanga vakatsauka zvidhori. Prince Yaroslav aivhima pedyo Rostov. Kudzidza pamusoro dambudziko vagari Bear yorusvingo, akakurumidza kuvabatsira kununura. Yaroslav pachake akabatana muhondo pamwe nechikara uye vakamurova. Hillfort pamusoro mirairo yake yakanga ine pamwe panharirire uye moats. Uye guta akavaka yokutanga Orthodox kereke - Kereke Eria - ainzi kuremekedza St. Elias musi mukutanga kuvakwa (2 August). At nzvimbo yekuita nheyo Yaroslavl nanhasi riri ibwe, izvo, maererano dzekare, somutariri chikamu nheyo chechi.

Yaroslavl, nheyo ibwe

Musi Volga embankment ndechimwe chezvinhu akashanyira zvinokwezva muguta iro chinokwezva kwete chete vashanyi vakawanda, veko vanodavira mashiripiti masimba hunopiwa husiri nyore kuwana ichi rinokosha. Ibwe Nheyo Yaroslavl vakanyura mune mungano dzekare uye tsika, zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva iyi vakatanga nhoroondo yeguta. Shure kwake kwakanga vokutanga masvingo dzakavakwa machechi zvitsva uye misha. Guides vanoti kana nguva refu kunyatsotarisa kuti ibwe, yokufungidzira chichavabvambura kudhirowa mufananidzo kare: Prince Yaroslav uye varwi vake, mhizha nevavaki, navavezi vavhimi, vanhu vakanga akavaka guta rino. Vagari Yaroslavl rwunoverengerwa inoshamisa ehupfumi pabwe. Maererano navo, izvozvo ane remagineti uye anogona kurapa zvirwere. Pane zvakawanda vashanyi kukanda mari vachidavira kuti hwaizoita zvichaitika. Izvi hazvishamisi, ibwe akarara panzvimbo pamberi nheyo guta, yozodzokera kubva kare uye rungano.

sezvivako

Gore nheyo muguta Yaroslavl - 1010, ukuwo, vose zvokukura kukura Russian wehurumende nhoroondo vakasiya mucherechedzo pamusoro payo. A nzvimbo inokosha pakati Zvivako akare pachayo inoremekedzwa guta mapurani. It kunoongwa vanoda kare uye vanobatanidzwa UNESCO World Heritage List. Kana kudzidza nhoroondo muzinda Yaroslavl, tinogona kugumisa kuti yakasimba mapurani Monument, iyo hwaponeswa kunokwana nomazvo kuchinjira kumamiriro ano upenyu guta. Uwandu zvivako zvenhoroondo, mapurani, unyanzvi, kuchera matongo, zvinowanikwa muguta - anopfuura 700 dzakabatana. Vanosanganisira temberi uye machechi, zvivako zvenhau, mamiziyamu, dzemamongi, anovaraidza uye chivezwa. Chokwadi, nzvimbo chaiyo pakati pavo shongwe muvambi muguta Yaroslav vachenjeri. Guta riri immortalized zvose zvikuru vanhu vakaita mupiro kwayo inotungamirwa uye kubudirira. Pane shongwe Fyodor Volkov, Nikolai Nekrasov, Demidov mbiru.

The guta ano

Parizvino Yaroslavl anonzi rechitatu guta pakukura nechepakati chikamu Russia. Maererano achangopfuura data, vagari vemo kwazvo vanhu 600,000. Noku zvikuru zvinobatsira mabasa (ushanyi uye vagotengeseranamo) ari tsime kunyatsobudirira indasitiri, nezvifambiso nomumbure uye pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa. Kana mhami yaibvira logistics ano (dzakabudirira njanji network, Airways) Volga anoramba yakakurumbira chokufambisa nzira, zvinhu uye mutakurwi yokufambisa rinoitwa pahwaro rwizi chengarava guta Yaroslavl. Panguva yakakodzera pamwero iri kutsvakurudza sayenzi migumisiro vanoverengeka zvakagadzirwa Kudya vari rakatangwa muna maindasitiri kugadzirwa. Nokuda kusimudzira maindasitiri nemauto yakavakirwa emakambani matsva pamwe Kukwezva dzimwe upfumi. Yaroslavl richikura uye kuvandudza, kwete kukanganwa ake kare zvikuru uye kunyatsoongorora neripi.