Endotoxin - a ... Exotoxins uye endotoxins

Mune rimwe poushe zvakasikwa ine zvipenyu chete-celled, mabhakitiriya voga dhipatimendi. Vazhinji dzemarudzi kubereka anokosha makemikari - exotoxins uye endotoxins. kupatsanura dzavo, zvivako uye kuchinja muviri womunhu richaongororwa munyaya ino.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokachidza

Zvinhu (kunyanya mapuroteni hunhu kana lipopolysaccharide), secreted sero kwemabhakitiriya kupinda extracellular mvura pashure pokufa kwake - ane utachiona endotoxin. Kana mhenyu prokaryotic muviri unobereka hunokachidza fuma kupinda musero, muna zvidukuduku, yeimwe yakadaro dzinonzi exotoxins. Vane zvaparadza zvinyama dzevanhu uye nhengo, okuti: inactivate ari enzayemu hurongwa panguva cellular vanochiva kuvhiringidza muviri. Endotoxin - chepfu, ichipa zvikuvadze masero mapenyu, uye ayo yevasungwa kunogona chaizvo duku. In zvidukuduku kuzivikanwa anenge 60 yeimwe dzinounzwa masero kwemabhakitiriya. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Lipopolysaccharide hunhu kwemabhakitiriya chepfu

Masayendisiti akawana kuti endotoxin - inogadzirwa cleavage rokunze Kamudzira pakati giremu negative utachiona. Zviri kunzwisisa zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa carbohydrate uye lipid kuti interacts ane zvakananga foni receptors mhando. Nezvenyaya iyi ine zvikamu zvitatu: lipid A, antigen uye oligosaccharide Morekuru. Ndicho rokuti wokutanga, achipinda ropa rukova, zvichikonzera kwazvo zvikuvadze, zvichiteverwa zvose zviratidzo zvikuru chepfu: dyspeptic mananara, hyperthermia, maronda ari nechepakati tsinga. HweHIV kweropa endotoxin kunoitika nokukurumidza kuitira kuti muviri hwapedyo septic kuvhunduka.

Chimwe STRUCTURAL chaikosha ndezvaiye endotoxin - ane oligosaccharide dzine heptose - C ₇ H ₁₄ O _7. Achipfuura ari muropa, musimboti disaccharide kunogonawo kukonzera kudhaka, asi munhu munyoro pane nyaya kunyorerana ropa lipid A.

Migumisiro pakunzwisisa endotoxins mumuviri womunhu

Vakawanda zvakazokonzerwa chiito kwemabhakitiriya zvinokachidza pamusoro masero vari trombogemorragichesky chirwere uye septic kuvhunduka. The mhando zvokurwara wokutanga kuchimuka kupinda ropa zvinhu - zvinokachidza kuderedza coagulation kwayo. Izvi zvinotungamirira vakawanda kukuvara nhengo, zvinosanganisira connective zvinyama - parenchyma, akadai zvemapapu, chiropa, neitsvo. parenchyma yavo kuitika kakawanda ropa, uye ari Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa - ropa. Rumwe rudzi chirwere kuti kunoitika pamusana chiito kwemabhakitiriya zvinokachidza - iri septic kuvhunduka. It inotungamirira kutyorwa ropa uye node wokufambisa zvinokonzerwa vari kutyorwa yakachena chokufambisa uye zvinovaka muviri kuti zvinokosha nhengo uye nyama: pfungwa, mapapu, itsvo, chitaka.

Munhu ainhonga zvikuru kuti zviratidzo zvinouraya zvakadai akurumidze ichidonhedzera BP, hyperthermia uye nokukurumidza kutanga chakasimba zvemwoyo insufficiency. Urgent zvokurapa kupindira (wakabata kemikari uye asingaurayiwi kurapa) anovanza endotoxin zvazviri uye nokukurumidza anobvisa kubva mumuviri.

Otherness exotoxins

Tisati azive chaizvo ino mhando kwemabhakitiriya chepfu, tikayeuka kuti endotoxin - iyi ndiyo imwe zvinoumba munhu lysate muchitokisi rusvingo giremu negative bacteria vakafa. Exotoxins synthesized nokurarama masero prokaryotic: vose giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative. In mazwi kwemakemikari mamiriro, vane vashomashoma mapuroteni pamwe samolecular uremu. Mumwe anogona kuti zvikuru zvekuchipatara kuratidzwa kuitika panguva zvirwere akaita chaiyo lethality exotoxins izvo kuumbwa nokuda muviri mabhakitiriya akawanda.

Zvidzidzo Microbiological kunge nekusimba hwepamusorosoro virulence iyi mhando kwemabhakitiriya muchetura, sezvo zvichienzaniswa endotoxin. The causative vaishandira tetenasi, whooping chikosoro, diphtheria kubudisa chepfu mapuroteni hunhu. Ivo kuratidza thermolability uye zvinoparadzwa kudziyisa iri kuwanda kubva 70 kusvika 95 Celsius kwemaminitsi 12-25.

mhando exotoxins

Kupatsanura pakati mhando kwemabhakitiriya zvinokachidza yakavakwa panheyo zvazvinoita pane muchitokisi mamiriro. Somuenzaniso, kusiyanisa membranotoksiny, ivo kuvhiringidza musero membranes kana kutyora diffusion uye tichishingaira chokufambisa pamusoro ions nomunyika Kamudzira bilayer. Panewo cytotoxins. It Chepfu kuita pamusoro masero hyaloplasm uye kunokanganisa zvakaitwa kuitwa uye dissimilation zvichiitika cellular muviri. Other yeimwe - chepfu "basa" sezvo makemikari, semuenzaniso, hyaluronidase (neuraminidase). Ivo kudzvinyirira rokuzvidzivirira munhu, kuti inactivated kweShanduro lymphocytes, monocytes uye macrophages ari node nodes. Sezvo runovharidzira mamwe zvinoparadza unodzivirira antibodies, uye Lecithinase unodokwairira lecithin, chikamu etsinga fibers. Izvi zvinotungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa bioimpulsov, uye sezvo zvakaguma kuti vasanyanye innervation zvomukati uye munyama.

Cytotoxins ave detergents, saka pane kuparadzwa kuvimbika lipid rukoko Kamudzira wehondo muchitokisi. Uyezve, vanokwanisa kuputsa, sezvo nomumwe masero mumuviri uye dzavo neshamwari - zvinyama kukonzera paumbwe biogenic amines inova zvibereko metabolic siyana uye nedzokunze chepfu zvivako.

The mashandiro chiito kwemabhakitiriya zvinokachidza

Zvidzidzo Microbiological yakasimbiswa kuti endotoxin - kunzwisisa maumbirwo dzine mbiri samolecular pakati. Origin hunokachidza fuma kwakunoitwa chairo muchitokisi Kanotokonya, uye wechipiri kukamurwa Kamudzira inopinda zvakananga mumakamuri hyaloplasm. It toxin kutigumbura iri metabolic siyana: mapuroteni biosynthesis kuitika ribosomes, ATP kwetunhu icho kuitwa mitochondria, kuberekana kubva nucleic acids. Yakakwirira virulence kwemabhakitiriya peptides, mumaonero makemikari maumbirwo mamorekuru dzavo, nokuti vamwe toxin loci yakazonyorwa spatial maumbirwo zvinhu muchitokisi, akadai neurotransmitters, hormone makemikari. Izvi zvinoita toxin "kuti circumvent cellular kuzvidzivirira hurongwa" uye nokukurumidza kupinda munzvimbo yayo cytoplasm. Saka, sero iri zvombo pamberi noutachiona, sezvo kugona kuumba anorasikirwa waro unodzivirira zvinhu: interferon, wegamma-globulin, antibodies. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvivako zviri endotoxins uye exotoxins akafanana pakuti vaviri mhando kwemabhakitiriya zvinokachidza maererano masero zvakananga mumuviri, kuti, kuva mukuru specificity.