Giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative utachiona

Nyika mabhakitiriya Zvinoshamisa siyana uye akapfuma chaizvo. Zvinowanika kwose kwose: mudenga, ivhu, paganda hwevanhu, ayo mucous. Zvadai, utachiona kuva ngozi kune vanhu, kuchikonzera chirwere chakakomba. Vamwe vavo vane nyore kubata pamwe nemishonga kana kunyange kwakajairika antiseptics, nevamwe ndeyokubvisa zvizhinji kuoma. Saka, muna nechirwere, uyewo kugadzwa kurapwa yoga giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative utachiona. Nzira iyi kupatsanura tusingaoneki kwave wakatangwa muna XIX remakore, asi richiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Nyika mabhakitiriya

Umambo zvipenyu zviri saka siyana uye zvakaoma kuwana, kuti kunyange sayenzi yemazuva asina kudzidza kwazvo. Pane utachiona kuti vapone panguva dzakakwirira tembiricha havafi kunyange mushure kwenguva refu Kubika apo vamwe vari kufa kuchangotanga kuchinja tembiricha kana murwiyo kwezvakatipoteredza, somuenzaniso mushure Kuwedzera vanhuwo kweshuga yomuropa. Vamwe tusingaoneki zvinozorodza matsime emvura inopisa iine acid inosimbisa methane kana nemamwe makemikari.

Utachiona - ndiwo zvinenge kupfuura kare uye zvachakapararira kwazvo munyika. Zvinowanika kwose kwose pamusoro penyanza pasi, mudenga, muvhu - kunyange pane pakadzika mukuru muviri zvipenyu. Uyezve, sayenzi vakaratidza kuti masero utachiona mukati munhu 10 nguva kupfuura ravo. Vamwe Mabhakitiriya chete kurarama pedyo zvimwe zvipenyu, apo vamwe vari kushingaira kushanda pamwe navo. Vanogona kubatsira kana kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyezve, kune zvinobatsira utachiona vari makumi ezviuru nguva kupfuura nayo utachiona.

tusingaoneki zvakawanda zvinobatsira. Somuenzaniso, vaya vanogara dzevanhu ura, vanobatanidzwa kugaya uye zvinodzivirira zvirwere. Izvi lactobacillus uye bifidobacteria. Nomumukanwa vanhu mhango musha vanenge mamiriyoni 40 emaruva mabhakitiriya, asi 5 chete% kuti utachiona izvi. Pane tusingaoneki kuti vanobatanidzwa munyaya manyowa tsvina. Asi, pasinei nokuti zvinobatsira utachiona rimwezve pathogenic mhando pavo yakawanda zvakaipa, sezvo kwahunokonzera zvirwere ngozi. Kusvikira zvino, vanhu vazhinji munyika yose kufa tibhii, korera, tetenasi, fivha, zvanga zvine utachiona uhu uye zvimwe zvirwere. Saka zvinokosha chaizvo kuti kudzidza kushamwaridzana nenyika utachiona.

giremu staining

Murume yave kutsvaka nzira yokurapa zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Pashure wakazvizivisa kuvapo pathogenic utachiona, masayendisiti ari kuedza patsanura navo, kuti uzive sei navo. Nzira yakanakisisa akanga aronga muna 1884 na Hans Christian giremu chiremba. Zviri tsvarakadenga nyore, asi mashoko, uye richiri kushandiswa nanhasi. In nzira iyi, akasiyana giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative utachiona.

Dr. giremu wakashandiswa kudzidza zvigare dhayi yepepuru uye akaona kuti vamwe vavo amenable kuti staining, nepo vamwe - kwete. Unowanikwa kuti izvi nokuda peculiarities foni masvingo mabhakitiriya. Sezvo zvinenge izvi akaumbwa mumwe, masero dzinenge mbiri, nokuti ivo zvinokosha chaizvo kuva hwakasimba nevamwe. Naizvozvo, sero masvingo vane kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Inokuchengetedza dzomunyika ezvinhu kubva kupinda pakati mvura. The mamiriro yakaomesesa muna giremu negative utachiona. Ndivo nemishonga kupinda pakati nemate, gastric muto uye dzimwe mvura.

The nzira giremu kuti bvunzo svikiro iri kubatwa aniline dhayi yakamboshandiswa ayodhini uye ipapo wosukurudzwa doro. Panguva giremu negative utachiona vari rakabuda ruvara, uye giremu positive kutora iri yebhuruu ruvara. Mushure reparse kunaka dzvuku dhayi marudzi anogona mavara ari Pink, uye akafa tusingaoneki akasvibiswa zvakajeka.

Pokushandisa nzira iri mushonga

Giremu staining nokuti kuparadzana zvigare pasi giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative bacteria kubatsira kuvandudzika pamusoro microbiological tsvakurudzo. Zvinobatsira kuziva nemishonga kuti pathogenic mhando nezvinodhaka, kutanga nemishonga mitsva inorwisa mabhakitiriya kurwisa navo. Pashure pezvose, yakasimba sero rusvingo giremu negative bacteria anovaita basa senguva nemishonga. A Hull pamusoro giremu positive tupukanana tusingaoneki, kunyange chaizvo mukobvu, asi ndiyo permeable kuti zvinwiwa uye nemishonga.

Giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative utachiona

Giremu staining akabvumira kugovera zvinenge zvose mumapoka maviri paupamhi. zvinhu zvavo uye unhu anobatsira kusarudza zvakawanda zvakakodzera mabatiro kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa. Giremu-yakanaka utachiona, iyo inokurumidza mavara ebhuruu aniline dhayi, chimiro spores, exotoxins, saka zviri zvikuru ngozi kuutano. Asi goko yavo permeable kune mishonga inorwisa utachiona.

Uyewo giremu-akanaka, giremu negative bacteria - utachiona zvirwere zvakakomba. Havazivi kuumba spores, uye kazhinji kacho vari mikana. Asi pasi zvimwe zvinhu, vanotanga secrete endotoxins uye kukonzera kwazvo kuzvimba uye intoxications. Nokuda zvakaoma muchitokisi rusvingo mamiriro vari zvinenge basa nemishonga.

Muviri womunhu une vaviri pakubhadhara izvi zvigare. Yakarurama nhamba giremu-akanaka uye giremu negative bacteria kuramba kuipa kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi microflora, ura, nemumuromo mhango. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira utachiwana mumuviri.

giremu positive

Mabhakitiriya Most vari amenable kuti staining dhayi yepepuru, kureva kuva permeable muchitokisi rusvingo, kune ngozi kuvanhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira streptococci, staphylococci, Listeria, Bacillus, Clostridium, mycobacteria, actinomycetes. Kunyanya ngozi anonzi Staphylococcus aureus, iyo inotanga kusimba muviri uye untreated nokukurumidza inotungamirira kurufu murwere. Asiwo kubatsira lactic asidhi lactobacillus.

Giremu-akanaka utachiona zvinokanganisa kufema turakiti, mwoyo tsandanyama, pfungwa uye ganda. Ivo kumutsa munhu purulent chirwere mu maronda, ropa chepfu.

Zvirwere Vakamwisa

Hazvina giremu-akanaka utachiona ndivo chikonzero vakadaro zvakafanana zvinotapukira zvakadai:

• tonsillitis, pharyngitis;
• sinusitis, otitis nhau;
• rheumatism;
• ropa chepfu;
• nemabayo;
• kuzvimba uropi;
• nechigwadara;
• zvokudya zvirwere;
• zvanga zvine utachiona uhu;
• diphtheria;
• tetenasi;
• gasi neronda rinonyenga.

giremu negative utachiona

Zvinyore zvikuru huru, asi vakawanda vasingabvumi kuunza chero kukuvadza munhu pakati pavo. Ava kazhinji mikana tusingaoneki. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, yavanogara muviri pasina kuita zvakaipa. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa zvinotevera utachiona giremu negative. Mhando akasiyana-:

• proteobacteria;
• Pseudomonas;
• chlamydia;
• meningococcus;
• Brucella;
• spirochetes;
• gonococci;
• Helicobacter.

Tusingaoneki hadzina kupendwa dzepepuru ruvara, zviri akatsiga sezvo chero antibodies uye mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Naizvozvo, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa navo, zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kurapa.

What zvirwere vanokonzera

Under zvimwe zvirwere, giremu negative utachiona vari kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba. Izvi imhaka yokuti kunzwisisa hamvuropu zvigare izvi mukuparadza zhinji zvabudiswa muchetura kuti kupararira akapoteredza munhu dzeropa, zvichikonzera yakanyanya kudhaka. Zvakaratidza kuti hapana pathogenic utachiona pachavo, uye kunyanya sero ravo rusvingo - lipopolysaccharide rukoko chinokonzera zvirwere mhinduro. Hunozoita kuti kukura chokutsva. Asi kana munhu wacho kutapata kuitira, zviri nyore kutsungirira zvigare zvakadaro, uye zvirwere hazvisi vanotyisa.

For giremu negative utachiona vari bacteria anokonzera mwandabvu, njovhera, yomumuzongoza uye zvirwere kufema. Kunyanya zvakajairika utachiona hwakadaro buyout chikonzero kufema kukundikana uye Urinary turakiti, ari nemudumbu. Giremu negative vakadaro anozivikanwa utachiona kufanana Proteus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella. Vanovata salmonellosis, yomumuzongoza, sefivha, nemanyoka. Uyezve, zviri nemishonga zvigare zvakadaro basa zvikuru nosocomial noutachiona. Pashure pezvose, vanogona kurarama kunyange pashure chakakura disinfection.

Kushandiswa ruzivo urwu mukurapa zvirwere

In nechirwere kwezvirwere kuona vanobudirira kurapwa kunodiwa kushandisa giremu nzira Pakusarudza izvo tusingaoneki zvakakonzera chirwere: giremu akanaka kana giremu asina utachiona. Mishonga inorwisa utachiona ushandiswe zvichienderana ichi. Mushure nemazvo yasarudzwa kunokwanisa chete sembura zvinhu.

Kuti tizive nayo utachiona kuongororwa sputum, nasal, kana kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi zvinoyerera, mutsvina yadzo pachisara synovial mvura kana pleural. mimwe aya pasi kuongororwa kubudikidza giremu staining.

Chinonetsa kurapa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa giremu negative utachiona. Zvikurukuru, vari kutarisana mubatanidzwa inorwisa mabhakitiriya mbiri, kana chitsva chizvarwa zvinodhaka. Kunyatsoshanda kuzorwa navo kunogona kuva "Ampicillin" kana "Amoxicillin", "Chloramphenicol", "streptomycin yakawanikwa" uye boka cephalosporins. Vanogona kurarama rokunze Kamudzira kwemabhakitiriya.

Ruzivo nemamiriro kwemabhakitiriya rusvingo zvibvire kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda kurapwa kwezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa.