Monument Ivanu Fedorovu muMoscow

Pfungwa asimbise shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu akaberekwa muna 1870. Tanga wakabva Moscow Archaeological Society. Mugore iroro akanga akazivisa All-Russia chipeto, yacho izvo zvinofanira kuna kukura uye kugadzwa shongwe. Kuburikidza 39 pamakore; 1909, huru pakuvhurwa shongwe.

nhoroondo mashoko

Yokutanga akadhindwa akaonekwa Russia, yomusi March 1, 1564, asi akatanga basa iri refu asati bhuku kusunungurwa - April 19, 1563. Zita munhu akatsaurira yebhizimisi kudhinda kwemakore akawanda oupenyu hwake - Moskovitin Ivan Fedorovich. Zvizvarwa anozivikanwa sezvo piyona Ivan Fyodorov.

Biography Fedorov harina kudzidza kwazvo. Zvikurukuru, hapana mashoko akavimbika pamusoro chitarisiko chake, private upenyu mashoko. Zvisinei, tinoziva kuti panguva apo Ivan Fedorov aidaro Typography, aiva setsika zvokunamata - akava mudhikoni mukereke iri Moscow Kremlin, uye aiva pakati anofungidzirwa Metropolitan Macarius vanhu.

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, vakapedza kudzidza Cracow University paakavapa wenyaya Bachelor. Munguva idzodzo dzidzo yakadaro kwainzi nomukurumbira chaizvo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga mudzidzi, Ivan Fedorov akasangana noruzivo yokudhinda, yakanga yakagadzirwa Johann Gutenberg.

Description chivezwa

Monument Ivanu Fedorovu akatasva yakaderera nechigadziko, rine kusunungurwa musi kudhinda bhuku rokutanga. Zvinoratidzawo chiratidzo "JF". Ndizvo tenzi akataura zvose basa ravo. Pazuva neizvi divi nechigadziko ine Chikwata wakatorwa kubva epilogue rokutanga bhuku rakabudiswa pamusoro muchina wacho.

The chivezwa chinofananidzira Nhamba yevanhu dzemicheka tenzi. Akapiwa kushaya ruzivo pamusoro chitarisiko Ivana Fedorova, mumwe anogona kufunga kuti creators ari shongwe hunomirirwa basa rake generalized mufananidzo vanhu Russian.

Muruoko rwake rworudyi chinobatanidza tenzi pepa pamwe rakadhindwa pfungwa. Noruoko rwake rworuboshwe iye akabata puranga - ane chinhu muchina wokudhinda.

Nevanyori chivezwa

Nyaya rinotaura sei shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu muMoscow, siyana uri kare zvichishandurwa zvakasiyana. Vamwe vavo vanoti makwikwi kusika chivezwa akanzi muna 1901, apo vakundi vaiva mapurani uye muvezi Volnukhin Mashkov. Chavaida pfungwa saka nhengo vatongi, kuti mikana kuhwina nemamwe evamiriri kuruboshwe.
Maererano vaairarama, vaimbi achida kuti ndiitewo makwikwi, apo zvakanga zvakafanira kuti asike shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu, akanga akawandisa. Vakapa mabasa avo kuna Commission kwete chete kune vamwe mudzidzisi mukuru, asi unyanzvi Artists kubva kunyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.

The kusarudza nzvimbo nokuda shongwe muMoscow

A nzvimbo pane shongwe Ivan Fedorov, hakusi kare. Pakutanga, akanga asiri kure Nikolskaya Street. Zvaiva imomo kuti dzichengeterwe yokutanga Printing House. Printshop Mint hunange Ivan Fedorov.

wokutanga inoonekwa "mupositora" yakabudiswa pano. Izvi chiitiko runobva kuna 1563-1564 gore. Kare, rakanga riri mumugwagwa nguva dzose Nicholas kwave yakawanda kuzvitoro zvemabhuku uye secondhand zvitoro. Chikamu mumugwagwa uye akadana - "bhuku".

Muzana XX remakore, shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu muMoscow vakatamira kunzvimbo nenzvimbo kanoverengeka. Zvisarudzo kwakadaro vanobviswa nehurumende panyaya nevezvematongerwo nokuchinja upenyu nyika, kana vakasonganira zvakaitika pakuvaka muchikamu ichi mutaundi.

Public guta anoita mazano, iyo inoti kuti shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu vanofanira kutora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera, kwakabatana munhoroondo pakudhinda muRussia. Rinotaurawo inotsigira pfungwa kare, vapristi vose vaya vanokoshesa nhoroondo Russia.

Nyaya shongwe Ivanu Fedorovu nevamwe vake unogona kunzwiwa chero gwaro navo panguva yavaigara Moscow, kuitisa Tours nzvimbo idzi chirangaridzo.

Typography muUkraine Lithuania

Zvakaitika makore iwayo okutanga, kana akararama Ivan Fyodorov, zvinopindura, saka kuti iye yepedyo mubetseri Petrom Mstislavtsem, akamanikidzwa kusiya Moscow. Izvi pashure echipiriso imba yokudhinda, iyo yakaparadzwa nomoto, uye kutambudzwa vatenzi Kudhinda pedyo enumerators dzinotyisa.

Chokutanga, Ivan Fedorov akaenda Lithuania, apo akatora basa rake muupenyu. Mabhuku, izvo aidhindwa pano havana chitendero wezwi chete, asiwo zvedzidzo. Mumwe bhuku yakadaro lähikuva kuverenga.
Gare gare, Ivan Fedorov akatamira wokuUkraine nyika. Pano akazarura wokudhinda yake uye akaisa kutanga kudhinda muUkraine. Zvinonzi chinyorwa chepiri yakabudiswa muna kudhinda "muApostora".

December 5, 1583 Ivan Fyodorov akafa uye akavigwa Lviv mu yakakurumbira St. Onufrievskom wemamongi.

Njodzi murume uyu akanga chete kubwinya nokukudzwa. Aifanira kutsungirira kutambudzwa, ruvengo vanhu, urombo, kunyengera. Asi miedzo yose vakanga kukundwa zvakasimba mukuda tisingatendi chikonzero dzavo.

Tsika Ivan Fedorov

Zvinonzi ikozvino kuzivikanwa gumi shanduro akadhindwa zvakananga Ivanom Fedorovym. Vose vari Zvivako chinokosha Kudhinda makanaka uye enzvimbo inoti iri munharaunda iyoyo muchitoro.
Vanovhura miziyamu anogona kuona fonts, navauki vakakanda wokutanga kudhinda dzimba ari. Ivo zvakajeka anoverengwa nhasi. Uppercase tsamba, Screensavers, kupedza mapeji mabhuku akasiyana nemano basa uye kunoshamisa unyanzvi magadzirirwo.

The chikuru runoratidza mabhuku ose akadhindwa Ivanom Fedorovym - iri pamberi mavari pamusoro okutanga uye afterword muparidzi. Mutauro izvi zvinoda zviri nyore uye zvakajeka kuti vose. Panoti chete kuti Ivan Fyodorov akafanoona - wakadhindwa bhuku ramangwana revanhu. Haana kumbopikisa kuti mashoko ake achaverengwa kumarudzi matsva.

Zvizvarwa ndangariro

Monument kuti piyona Ivanu Fedorovu harisi chete guru Russia. Uyu munhu akarangarira uye mune dzimwe nyika. mabasa ake kuvanhu vane hombe, uye vanhu vanoremekedzwa kuyeuka pake. Monument Ivanu Fedorovu hwagadzwa muLviv. Mukuwedzera, kune miziyamu ounyanzvi yekare kuUkraine mabhuku. nzvimbo iyi tsika ainzi pashure Ivan Fedorov.

Muna 1983 nemijenya pakati UNESCO Masangano dzakawanda munyika kupemberera 400th gore rufu murume uyu anoshamisa. Gore wakaitirwa muMoscow mubhuku nhumbi. Sezvo chikamu chiitiko ichi nguva dzose yakarongerwa mabasa, apo yeuka pamusoro zvemashoko Ivan Fedorov neshamwari dzake.