Thalamus - The thalamus ndiko ...: tsananguro, mamiriro uye mashandiro

Development of Psychiatry uye Neurology mumamiriro ezvinhu ano hazvibviri pasina zvakadzama ruzivo nemamiriro mashandiro anoita uropi. Pasina kunzwisisa kwemasayendisiti kuitika mumuviri haagoni zvinobudirira kubata chirwere uye kudzokera vanhu vakajaira upenyu. Kutyorwa chero kunenge embryogenesis - nemagene abnormalities kana zvinetso, nokuda teratogenic Migumisiro zvimwewo zvinoitika - kutungamirira kukudziri- makemikari zvokurwara uye irreparable nemigumisiro.

chinokosha dhipatimendi

The uropi - zvakaoma nemamiriro muviri. Rinosanganisira siyana okunze. Mumwe madhipatimendi inokosha anonzi zvenguva. Rinosanganisira anoverengeka links: yacho thalamus, hypothalamus, uye epithalamus metetalamus. Vaviri inokosha okutanga vanoonekwa.

Thalamus: physiology

chaikosha ichi rinomiririrwa sezvo evaMedhia zvakafanana, ichibata inotungamirwa. Riri pakati midbrain uye cortex. Eremendi ine 2 zvikamu. образование, входящее в лимбическую систему. Thalamus - ndiyo dzidzo, chikamu chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita hurongwa. It anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Panguva embryo kukura, kuti chinhu anoonekwa chikuru. Zvinonzi wakaiswa mune dzinonzi Anterior nharaunda, pedyo nepakati uropi. Kubva kuna cortex etsinga fibers anomunzwira kwose kwose. The medial pamusoro anoumba kurutivi rusvingo wechitatu ventricle.

Kernels

часть сложного комплекса. Thalamus - chikamu kunzwisisa yakatarwa. It achiumbwa nezvikamu zvina. Idzi dzinosanganisira: yacho hypothalamus, epithalamus, predtalamus uye dorsal thalamus. Ekupedzisira maviri zvinobviswa zvenguva marongerwo. Epithalamus une pineal notes, Triangle uye leashes. Munharaunda iyi dziri nuclei munyaya activation zvinonhuwirira. Makuriro hunhu epithalamus uye peritalamusa zvakasiyana. Panyaya iyi, vari kubatwa yoga masangano. включает в себя более 80 ядер. Kazhinji, thalamus mamiriro kunosanganisira zvinopfuura 80 nuclei.

Specificity

uropi thalamus zvinosanganisira slat hurongwa. It chakaumbwa myelinated fibers uye unoparadzanisa dzakasiyana dzenyika dzidzo. Dzimwe nzvimbo anotsanangurwa neuronal mapoka. Somuenzaniso, mashoko intralaminar zvinhu periventricular neerekitironi zvichingodaro. Okunze kwakasiyana substantially kubva huru mugove thalamic.

kupatsanura

Mumwe pakati rine neerekitironi kwayo. Izvi zvinokonzera kukosha kwavo muviri womunhu. Kupatsanura pakati nuclei rinoitwa zvichienderana nzvimbo yavo. Kusiyanisa zvinotevera mapoka:

1. Front.
2. Mediodorsal.
3. Midline.
4. Dorsolateral.
5. Ventrolateral.
6. Ventral posteromedial.
7. Back.
8. Intralaminar.

Mukuwedzera, chinoumba inokamukana zvichienderana dzidziso pamusoro neuronal chiito pamusoro:

1. Kusvibisa.
2. Achiita kugadzira tactile anonongedzera.
3. Kunzwa.
4. Yokudzora nomwero.

marudzi nzvimbo

Govera ataure, uye nonspecific kushamwaridzana neerekitironi. Ekupedzisira zvinosanganisira akawandisa medial uye intralaminar idzodzo. The ataure neerekitironi anogamuchira anonongedzera, izvo vakabva projected dzakasiyana nzvimbo cortex. Izvi zvinosanganisira masangano kuti zvinoparadzira chikuru nezvekufadza (ventral posteromedial, postlateralnoe ventral, medial uye lateral geniculate) uye pulses vanobatanidzwa inofambiswa cerebellum (ventral divi). Associative Musimboti dzakawanda pulses vakawana kubva cortex. Ivo Project shure navo waidzora basa.

Neural pathway

образование, связанное с гиппокампом. Thalamus - ndiyo dzidzo chokuita hippocampus. The kukurukurirana iri kuburikidza chaiwo nzira, umo ndiko kwakagadzwa, uye mammillary miviri. By cortex thalamus richibatanidza thalamocortical mwaranzi. Uyewo pane nzira iyo mashoko chakasvitswa nokufunuka, kubata, tembiricha. Zvinotora nzvimbo iri musana. Apa pane madhipatimendi vaviri ventral uye lateral. Pazuva rokutanga vanopfuura pulses kurwadziwa uye tembiricha, wechipiri - pamusoro kufurirwa, uye nokubata.

ropa zvitengeswa

Zvinonzi kwakaitwa unobva shure, inferolateral, lateral uye pakati choroidal uye paramedian thalamus, subthalamic arterial midziyo. Vamwe vanhu vakawana anatomical anomaly. Ngachipiwe ari muchimiro Percheron tsinga. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe kunoita kure veshure hunde ane mudziyo chepfungwa. Inopa rose ropa thalamus. Fani iyi ndiyo zvisinganyanyi kuitika.

mabasa

? Thalamus ndizvo anokonzera chii? dzidzo ichi zvinotora yakawanda nematambudziko. Kazhinji, kuti thalamus - a mhando nomusimboti mashoko. Kubudikidza zvinoitika ataure pakati subcortical nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, mumwe vachifunga hurongwa, zvimwe pane olfactory anoshandisa thalamic neerekitironi, kugamuchira uye kuparadzira anonongedzera mu runoenzanirana munzvimbo chepuraimari. Nokuti optic chikamu the retina kuuya pulses vanotumirwa kuburikidza lateral nokupesana pakati, projecting ari runoenzanirana mashoko ari occipital zvekutepfenyura cortex wongoramba. A rinokosha ndohwaJehovha thalamus ari mutemo takamuka uye hope. That cores kuti kuwadzana nemakwati, zvinoumba dzakananga nematunhu chokuita chavanoziva. Basa nokufara zvakare anoita thalamus. Kazhinji kuzotadzira inotungamirwa ichi kukonzera pakoma. The thalamus zvakabatana kuti hippocampus anoita mamwe mabasa mundangariro sangano. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nharaunda yake chokuita zvimwe mesial-nezvepanyama nzvimbo. Izvi zvinoita kujairirana uye Kusiyanisa rekollektivnoy ndangariro. Uyezve, anoratidza kuti thalamus zvinobatanidzwa Neural pezvakaitwa zvakakodzera injini mutemo.

pathologies

Nekuti sitiroko thalamic chirwere zvingamuka. Rinooneka imwe-mativi kutsva (fivha), dzava nezvekufadza. It kunowanzoguma Zvinyamusi. Bilateral thalamic kunharaunda ischemia kunogona kukonzera zvikuru zvakakomba kutyorwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira akinetic mutism, oculomotor nenyonganiso. Kana bilateral occlusion pamusoro tsinga Percheron infarction zvingaitika.

Thalamic reticular inotungamirwa

Muchikamu huru Upfu huri nesumbu masero. Ivo vanobatanidza kuwanda fibers kuripa kwose kwose. Kana tikaongorora inotungamirwa ichi nemaikorosikopu, zvinoita sokunge nomumbure. Naizvozvo, rainzi reticular inotungamirwa. Neural fibers ibvai kurutivi goko uye dzinoumba asiri chaicho nzira. Uchibatsirwa wavo akaramba basa mune zvose nzvimbo CNS. Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu inotungamirwa vari kunowedzera hunenge. In sumbu ichi pane kusarudzwa mashoko. The overlying migove anogamuchira mashoko matsva uye anokosha chete. Active inotungamirwa anogara pane yakakwirira yakati sandara, sezvo inoenda kuburikidza anonongedzera kubva receptors zvose.

Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu

Ivo kuratidza refu aikanganiswa pharmacological nevamiririri uye mahormone. Zvinodhaka akadai "reserpine", "Chlorpromazine", "Serpazil" uye vamwe vanokwanisa kuderedza basa inotungamirwa. In Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu dyidzana uplink uye downlink anonongedzera. The pulses vari kugara riparadzirwe mumatunhu. Nokuda kwebasa iri vakaramba. Iyewo, zvinokosha kuramba mataurire tsinga. Kana kuparadzwa inotungamirwa, zvikurukuru ayo okumusoro zvikamu, kunouya nehope, kunyange afferent anonongedzera mberi kusvika muna cortex nedzimwe pakutengeserana.