Vangani mapoka ropa zviripo? Zvinorevei boka ropa kugarisana zvinhu

The mukuru womunhu anoramba circulates vanenge 5 litres ropa. Kubva mwoyo kupararira nomuviri zvakakwana mapazi vascular mambure. Mwoyo inoda pamusoro miniti, kana Kurohwa 70 kuti tisangosiya rose ropa, iro anopa nhengo dzose dzomuviri pamwe hunokosha okunze.

kweropa maitiro sei?

It anorwira okisijeni uye kugadzirwa chiedza anogadzirwa zvomudumbu turakiti zvinovaka muviri pavakanga inodiwa. Ropa zvakare transports kuti kuenda hormone zvinoita kushaya kubva mumuviri kuora zvigadzirwa. Chiedza kunowedzerwa pamwe oxygen, uye carbon dioxide migumo kwazviri mumhepo, kana munhu exhales. It transports cellular Marara ari nhengo dzose excretion. Kunze kufudza ropa kusvikira muviri kwagara noruvara kudziya. Kana munhu ane tsoka inotonhora kana maoko, izvo zvinoreva kuti ane kukwana ropa rive.

Erythrocytes uye leukocytes

Ndivo masero yavo chaiyo unhu uye "mabasa". masero matsvuku eropa (erythrocytes) vari achiumbwa mumwongo uye vari kuramba achiudza. The 1 mm ³ ropa rakatsvuka masero miriyoni 5 ropa. basa ravo - kununura okisijeni muzvitokisi zvakasiyana mumuviri. White masero eropa - leukocytes (6-8 zviuru pa 1 mm ^3). Ivo tunodzivisa utachiona kuti rakapinda kupinda mumuviri. Kana chena masero eropa pachavo sei maperembudzi, muviri anorasikirwa wayo unodzivirira basa, uye munhu anogona kufa kunyange nechirwere chakafanana yokuSpain, izvo chaiye dziviriro gadziriro nokukurumidza kurarama. Masero ropa White murwere ane AIDS chirwere aine utachiwana - muviri havagoni kurwisa chirwere choga. Sero rimwe nerimwe, mumwe machena eropa kana matsvuku eropa - chipenyu hurongwa, uye kwayakaita anoratidza kwemasayendisiti zvose kuitika mumuviri.

Unorevei ropa?

Blood sezvamunoita siyana vanhu, sezvo chitarisiko, ruvara bvudzi uye ganda. Vangani mapoka ropa zviripo? Kune zvina: O (I), A (II), In (III) uye AB (IV). Kutaura zvazviri, kuti boka iri kana kuti ropa kuchinjwa mapuroteni zviri masero matsvuku eropa uye plasma.

Mapuroteni maantigen ari erythrocytes dzinonzi agglutinogens. Mapuroteni eplasma anonzi agglutinins. Agglyutinogeny pane mhando mbiri: A uye B, agglutinins, zvakare, vakakamurwa - uye.

Ndizvo zvinoitika. Tora 4 vanhu Somuenzaniso, Andrew, Alla, Nadya uye Olga. Andrei boka ropa A pamwe agglutinogen A iri mumasero uye plasma agglutinins. Alla - Group B: The agglutinogens uye agglutinins zvakanaka. Alexei Group AB: inobudisa mapoka ropa 4 kuti varipo mariri agglutinogens A uye B, asi zvachose hapana agglutinins. Olga ane boka vanenge - hazvina chipo agglutinogens, asi muna plasma Vane agglutinins munhu uye b. Mumwe muviri haazvibati nevamwe agglutinogens vose mutorwa murwisi.

kugarisana

Kana kudira Andrew neboka A boka ropa B, agglutinins hachizovi kugamuchira imwe fuma. Masero aya haagoni kufamba takasununguka nomuviri. Saka, havazokwanisi kununura okisijeni kuti nhengo dzakadai uropi, uye upenyu pangozi. Ndizvowo zvinoitika kana iwe sangana A uye B mapoka. Zvinhu In dzinga nefuma A, uye nokuda G (I) boka hakusi akakodzera zvose A uye B. Kuti kudzivisa zvikanganiso pamberi ropa varwere kare akaedzwa kuti boka ropa. Vanhu vane boka ropa ini, vaiona yakanakisisa vaipa - kwezvatiri munhu. Vangani mapoka ropa ikoko - vose achivaka pamusoro boka ropa O, hazvina ane masero matsvuku eropa agglutinogens, kuti vakasagona "se" vamwe. vanhu vakadaro (sezvo kwatiri, Olga) vari zvakasikwa vaipa. Group AB rine A- uye B-mapuroteni, rinogona chokuita nevamwe. Naizvozvo, murwere neboka ropa 4 (AB), pamwe kudiwa ropa anogona zvakachengeteka kugamuchira zvimwe. Ndokusaka vanhu vakaita Alex, vanonzi "yezvisikwa vatengi."

Munguva yedu kuedza ropa murwere ari kushandiswa boka ropa, riri aripo murwere uye chete kana zvashata, unogona kushandisa zvakasikwa pakutanga. Chero zvazvingava, unofanira kutanga kuongorora kugarisana kwavo, kwete kukuvadza murwere.

Chii kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero?

Red corpuscles vamwe vanhu ane puroteni inonzi kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, saka vane zvakanaka kusapindirana kweropa chinhu. Vaya havana puroteni yakadaro, vanoti vane kunaka kusapindirana kweropa chinhu, uye ivo vanobvumirwa kudira chete chaiyo ropa chete. Zvikasadaro zvavo rokuzvidzivirira achavaramba shure yokutanga ropa.

Zvinokosha kuona kuti kusapindirana kweropa chinhu pamuviri. Kana akaipa boka rechipiri mai, apo baba akanaka, mwana anogona nhaka yababa kusapindirana kweropa chikonzero. Panyaya iyi, iyo antibodies kuunganidza izvo zvingaita kuti kuparadzwa masero matsvuku ropa rwaamai ropa. Boka dzakanaka fetus kusapindirana kweropa-kurwisana wechipiri pave ngozi kuupenyu uye utano mwana.

Genetic hutachiwana boka

Saizvozvowo, somumvuri bvudzi, ropa, vanhu nhaka kuvabereki vavo. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti mwana zvakafanana yakarongeka nayo sezvo vaviri kana kana mubereki. Dzimwe nguva mubvunzo uyu nokusaziva anova chikonzero kukakavara mhuri. Kutaura zvazviri, nhaka ropa riri pasi dzimwe nemitemo genetics. Kuti tinzwisise chii sei zvikuru uye mapoka ropa zviripo nokuumbwa upenyu hutsva, ndichazvirumbidza tafura pazasi.

Somuenzaniso, kana mai vake ropa boka 4, uye baba vake vokutanga, mwana havazofaniri ropa sezvo amai. Maererano tafura, kunogona wechipiri, uye boka rechitatu.

mwana nhaka ropa mumapoka:

Rhesus chinhu chiri tiinacho. Somuenzaniso, kana vaviri kana mumwe wevabereki rine zvakanaka boka rechipiri, mwana anogona kuzvarwa zvakanaka uye kunaka rhesus. Kana mubereki mumwe ane Rhesus negative ipapo akaparirwa mitemo yedzinza. Mwana anogona kuva wokutanga kana akaipa boka rechipiri.

Kuvimba kwevanhu mavambo

How mapoka akawanda ropa zviripo, zviri ukama hwavo vari vanhu vakasiyana, zvichienderana nenzvimbo ravakaberekerwa. Kune vanhu vakawanda kudaro zvakaitika muedzo kuona boka ropa, aigovera mukana vaongorori kuona sei zvakasiyana kakawanda kusiyanisa zvichienderana nenzvimbo nzvimbo. U.S. Europeoids ane 41% boka ropa A, sezvo zvichienzaniswa 27% of African America. Inenge zvose maIndia muPeru vane boka I, uye muna Central Asia, rakajairika ndiye boka III. Nei kuine izvi misiyano - haisi zvachose kunzwisisa.

Kuonana zvimwe zvirwere

Asi masayendisiti akacherechedza zvimwe zvinofadza ukama pakati masero eropa nedzimwe hosha. Varidzi boka ropa I Somuenzaniso, pana dzakakwirira mukana urikanwi chirwere. Uye vanhu vane rechipiri boka vari pangozi kenza mudumbu. Zvinoshamisa chaizvo, asi mapuroteni kuti anokonzera ropa, zvamugere akafanana mapuroteni dzawanikwa pemvura zvimwe utachiona pathogenic uye wanda. Kana munhu utachiwana pamusoro mapuroteni, kufanana yake, masoja emuviri anganzwisisa navo zvavo uye kuvabvumira kuwanda vakurirwe.

Somuenzaniso, dzinongobuda mapuroteni zvigare kukonzera denda bubonic, chakafanana zvikuru ini ropa boka mapuroteni. Vanotsvakurudza Scientific vanofungidzira kuti vanhu ava vanogona kunyanya kubatwa chirwere ichi. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti hosha dzakatangira kuSoutheast Asia uye rapararira kusvika kumavirira. Paakasvika Europe, yava akaparadza kota vagari vemo vari XIV remakore: kana chirwere inonzi "rufu dema." In Central Asia ine yakadereresa nhamba yevanhu vane boka I ropa. Saka boka iri rakanga "kushayikwa" munzvimbo hosha zvikuru kwose kwose, uye vanhu vane mamwe mapoka ane hukuru mukana yokupona. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti pane ukama zvirwere ropa. Kudzidza Shanduro iyi ramangwana kuchabatsira decipher Genesisi kwezvirwere uye zvinoratidza zvakavanzika vararame.