Experience Stern - experimental kudzidza samolecular-kinetic dzidziso

In yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, pakudzidza Brownian (runobva) inofamba pakati mamorekuru zvakakonzera kufarira vazhinji yokungotaura yefizikisi nguva. Kunotangwa ne wokuScotland musayendisiti James Maxwell dzidziso samolecular-kinetic chivako kwenyaya kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kuzivikanwa European masayendisiti, asi pakanga chete tsvagai chimiro. No rinoshanda riri yasimbiswa ipapo haana. Kufamba mamorekuru akaramba dzisingambosvikiki zvakananga zvaakazvionera uye nokuyerwa dzichimhanya sokuti sezvisingakundiki chete nyaya nesayenzi.

Ndokusaka kuedza kuti anogona kuzviita kuratidza chokwadi pamusoro samolecular nemamiriro fuma uye kuona kumhanya kufamba nezvimedu warwo asingaoneki, paakaziva pakutanga sezvo inokosha. Inokosha kukosha kuedza kwakadaro kunyama sayenzi chainyatsooneka sezvo anobvumira kuti anoshanda substantiation uye uchapupu kururama kwemashoko rimwe zvemberi dzidziso nguva - the samolecular-kinetic.

Pakazosvika ramakumi remakore, nyika sainzi vasvika zvakakwana azvipire kukura nokuda chidzoke chaidzo yaibvira experimental ongororo kuti Maxwell pfungwa. German yefizikisi Otto Stern muna 1920, kushandisa samolecular danda nzira, iyo yakaitwa murume wokuFrance Lui Dyunoye muna 1911, gore, Anokwanisa kuyera kumhanya kufamba negasi mamorekuru sirivha. Experience Stern irrefutably akaratidza kururama kwemashoko nokuparadzirwa mutemo Maxwell vake. Zvakabuda kuedza ichi akasimbisa kuvimbika kuongororwa anorevei velocities maatomu izvo yakayerera kubva tsvagai zvekungofungira kwakaitwa Maxwell. Chokwadi, nezvokuva mukuru-nokukurumidza gradation chiitiko Stern akakwanisa kupa chete moita masaisai ruzivo. Mamwe mashoko sainzi aifanira kumirira mumwe mapfumbamwe nemakore.

With zvikuru zvakarurama kuparadzira mutemo aigona tarisa Lammert muna 1929, vakawanda nani ruzivo Stern nokuisa ari samolecular danda kuburikidza peya kutenderera discs, akanga TOUR maburi nemichina hama nomumwe pane imwe akachinjikana. By kusiyanisa vachishandisa kutenderera nokumhanya pamusoro chikwata uye rekona pakati mumakomba, Lammert aigona kure nomumwe mamorekuru ari danda, vane yakasiyana nokukurumidza unongotaura. Asi zvakanga zvakaitika Stern kwakaratidza kutanga experimental researches mumunda ezvinhu-kinetic dzidziso.

Muna 1920 yokutanga experimental setup vakasikirwa kuedza iyi mhando. Chaiva peya sepombi, zvakagadzirirwa pachake rakanyorwa Stern. Inside mudziyo pakuiswa Platinum matete tsvimbo ine sirivha unhani, uye ari Ipwa kuburikidza muchidziisa akabatana magetsi. The Vacuum zvinhu zvakasikwa mukati Unit, rakamanikana bango kwemaatomu sirivha wakaitwa dumped longitudinal mutswe kucheka pemvura humburumbira, uye kugara pamusoro kwokunze sikirini chaiyo. Chokwadi, muchina riri kufamba, uye apo maatomu kusvika pamusoro nguva kurichinja kuburikidza imwe angled. Nenzira iyi, Stern uye vakatsunga kumhanya kufamba kwavo.

Asi kubudirira esayenzi Otto Stern kwete chete. Kwapera gore, iye vabatana pamwe Walter Gerlach vakapfuudzira kumwe kuedza, iyo yakasimbisa kuvapo kuruka kwemaatomu uye kuratidza chokwadi avo spatial quantization. Stern-Gerlach kuedza akabvunza pokugadzwa munhu experimental setup chinokosha ane simba zvachose magineti panguva yayo. Pasi pokudzora remagineti kunotangira ichi rokuti simba zvokutanga nezvimedu vakatsauka zvevhiki maererano dzavo rinobva kuruka.