Francis Bret Harte: Biography, mabhuku, mapikicha

Sezvo rufu yakakurumbira munyori Bret Harte akanga anopfuura zana. Asi mabasa ake akanyorwa 60-70-ies zviri XIX remakore kusvikira ikozvino munokosha nzanga munyika.

Nezvaanoziva kubva Biography kuAmerican munyori

August 25, 1836 muna State of New York mu Albany akaberekwa Francis Bret Harte - yakakurumbira munyori musoro prose uye nhetembo. Akanzi pashure sekuru vake. baba Francis vakashanda somudzidzisi mutauro paInstitute Greek. Kubvira vachiri vaduku Bret Harte aifarira kuverenga mabhuku. Aifarira mabasa vanyori vakadai Shakespeare, Dumas, Dickens, ayo pasina mubvunzo kukanganiswa basa rake.

Muna 1845, paaiva nemakore 9 chete okuberekwa, baba vake vakafa. Mhuri akauya nematambudziko emari zvakakonzera kakawanda kuchinja dzokugara. Novelist akadzidza kuchikoro kusvikira makore 13, uye ipapo akasimuka mumwe mabharani kuwana chokurarama nacho uye vatsigire mhuri yake.

mai vake, akaroorwa, muna 1854 rwechipiri, Bret Harte akaenda kunogara naye kuCalifornia pana San Francisco, apo tiguu Ndarama nenhokwe. Muguta rino, munyori aifanira kuwana mudzidzisi uye mishonga, rekutakura uye newspaperman. Aivawo mudzidzisi mudzimba dzehama, mumwe mutori uye prospector.

Tanga mabhuku basa

Jobs in San Francisco pa The Californian magazini akabvumira Bret kubudisa nyaya dzavo kokutanga muna 1856-m. Makore maviri gare gare, akapinda kuna Uniontown vachitsvaka upenyu huri nani, zvakarongwa bhuku "Notern Californian" wenhau. Asi guta rino munyori wokuAmerica haana kugara kwenguva refu. Aifanira kudzokera San Francisco kare 1860, nemhaka scandalous bhuku iri kupondwa vanopfuura 50 maIndia pedyo norwizi Mud.

Paakasvika California vakatanga kushanda ari munyori mupepanhau "Golden Era" Typewriting, uye dzimwe nguva akanga abvumirwa kuti anyore ake manotsi. Saka, pasi nyaya munyori vakatanga kubuda siginicha - Bret Harte.

Kwemakore matatu, munyori mubasa racho rinonyatsooneka kumavambo 70-ies of Western American magazini The nepanyika Monthly ( "nepanyika Monthly"), uye ipapo aiwana mbiri. Muna 1871 Gart Bret ari kusiya California zvakanaka. Anoenderera kushanyira Eastern America uye Canada. Munguva rwendo, anopa hurukuro, izvo kwakavakirwa dambudziko mamiriro California.

Pakupedzisira, makore makumi mana nemaviri, Bret Hart akabva US uye takatamira Europe. Munyori vakaedza pachake ari basa American Mumiriri muGermany uye UK - mumaguta Krefeld uye Glasgow. May 5, 1902, ava nemakore 66 Gart Bret akafa muLondon.

The yokutanga kuvazivisa

World akakurumbira American munyori Francis Bret Harte akauisa "California Stories". Kwoupenyu hwake, iye chose chaizvoizvo zvinyorwa. Novelist aivimba yakarurama chokwadi kuti mwoyo kwazvo pachena pfungwa basa rake.

Kurarama San Francisco, Bret Harte, ane mabhuku nguva yedu kuva incredible ukoshi, akanyora mabasa ake yakanakisisa. Muna 1870 akabudisa muunganidzwa vanoda "Mufaro inodzvova Camp". Bhuku rino rine nyaya dzakadaro: "Mliss", "Exiles Poker Flat," "veChihedheni Wang Li". Used vatambi vari nyaya havasi vemungano uye idealized. Writer kwakaratidza chokwadi upenyu chaihwo vokuAmerica panguva goridhe nenhokwe muCalifornia.

Achibata hachizobudiriri

Kubvira panguva iyoyo, sezvo Bret Hart akasiya California, akatanga kuona kusachengeteka kukuru emunyori misa. Asi, ari kune imwe nyika, munyori haana kuwana zvakakodzera zvinhu mabasa avo. Mumwe akanakisisa enganonyorwa ava kunopera novelist ndiye "Gabriel Conroy", zvakanyorwa muna 1876. muunganidzwa Izvi zvinosanganisira nyaya dzakadai se "Clarence", "inowanzorimwa foundling" uye "Suzy". Panguva iyi, Hart dzakabudisa mutambo "maviri Sandy Bar". Pamwe chete Mark Twain, akanyora rondedzero "A Sin". mabasa aya akanga asina kubudirira.

Recent rumbidzo nokuda American munyori ikava dzinotyisa kutsoropodza. shamwari yake Mark Tven akati: "Anopa uye anopa Bret Harte akafira San Francisco!" Kubvira 1878, munyori "California nyaya Gold Miner" vakatambura nepfungwa uye zvoupfumi kuGreece. Akaramba kushanda Europe, kwete kuteerera kuderera utano, asi akanga asingakwanisi kuita mangwanani kubudirira.

nomukurumbira mabasa

Vazhinji nganonyorwa Garth kuva paradigmatic. Ndiye muvambi mabhuku: "The tramps matatu kubva Trinidad", "Wana mu nyeredzi dzinopenya", "Esmeralda matombo kanjoni nyaya.".

Asi chokutanga mukurumbira uye kubwinya munyori kwakaunza nyaya "Mufaro inodzvova Camp", razova nevakawanda kwete chete muna America, asiwo kure nemiganhu yayo. Pabasa rake, Bret Harte akatsanangura nekunzwisisa nyaya yakaitika rimwe California kuti munharaunda pakati miners goridhe. Rinotaura kuti kunyange kuchinja kwezvakawanda vagere musha uye chidhakwa akatarisira mwana, akanga asiya nherera.

Kwenguva refu nguva nekuda nyaya iyi, American munzanga ainzi Bret Harte munyori imwe nyika, "zvakaipa American". Asi basa rake rinoshamisa nokukurumidza akava zvakakurumbira Europe, vakanga mumitauro yakawanda.