Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin: A Biography uye basa

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, ane Biography anopiwa pazasi, - nyanduri, mushanduri, munyori wemitambo uye ... naGavhuna. Makore hwake - 1743-1816. Nokuverenga nyaya ino, uchadzidza zvose izvi zvine chokuita basa multi-unyanzvi murume akafanana Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography yake ichaparadzwa vaisanganisa uye vazhinji nevamwe dzinonakidza chokwadi.

mavambo

Gavriil Romanovich akaberekwa panguva Kazan muna 1743. Pano muna Karmachi mumusha waiva munda mhuri nemhuri yake. It akapfuura pauduku hwake nyanduri ramangwana. mhuri Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich akanga asina kupfuma, vanokudzwa mhuri. Gavriil Romanovich akarasikirwa baba vake, Roman Nikolaevich, uyo akashanda se rakakura. mai vake rakanga Andreevna Thekla (Nee - Kozlov). Zvinofadza Derzhavin ari muzukuru Bagrima, wechiTatar wamambo, uyo akanga adzingwa kubva Horde Great muzana remakore rechi15.

Dzidzo chesekondari, basa chehondo

Muna 1757 akapinda Kazan jimunasiyamu Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography yake yatova nenguva ino anoratidza kushingaira nenyota zivo. Aive mudzidzi akanaka, asi akanga asingakwanisi kupedza kudzidziswa. Chokwadi kuti muna February 1762 nyanduri ramangwana rakanga varangana St. Petersburg. Rave rinorondedzerwa chitarisiko chemazana chehondo. Derzhavin akatanga basa sebhanditiwo musoja. Akanga akabata yake hondo makore 10, uye kubva 1772 akashanda se mukuru. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Derzhavin mumakore 1773-74. Akatora chikamu kudzivisa pokupanduka Pugachev, uyewo youmambo pachigaro nechisimba, umo Catherine II akakwira choumambo.

Social uye mabhuku mbiri

Social uye mabhuku mbiri kuna Gavriil Romanovich akauya 1782. Zvakanga ipapo rakabudiswa akakurumbira ode ake "Felitsa" nokurumbidza Empress. Derzhavin, kupisa pachisikigo, kazhinji nemhaka incontinence dzavo vaiva nematambudziko muupenyu. Uyezve, akanga aona chinya uye kushingaira kushanda, hakusi Welcome nguva dzose.

Derzhavin akava mubati Olonets dunhu

By chirevo Empress muna 1773 Olonets mudunhu akasikwa. Chaiva rimwe dunhu uye maruwa maviri. Muna 1776 Novgorod gavhuna rakaumbwa, rwaiumbwa zviviri nzvimbo - Olonetsk uye Novgorod. gavhuna chekutanga Olonets vakava Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography yake mumakore achazouya kuva nechokuita administrative mabasa iyi chinzvimbo. Her pasi pemurairo zvinoisa akasiyana chaizvo zvakawanda mabasa. Gavriil Romanovich aifanira kutarisa sei mitemo vari kutevedzerwa, uye unhu navamwe vakuru. Zvisinei, nokuti Derzhavin, hazvina kuoma. Aidavira kuti chaiye ukama chete nerimwe kune bhizimisi uye abvume vakuru zvinongoshandisa kuunza kuti dare uye veko hurumende.

Akaisa masangano mukati mwedzi pashure mudunhu nzvimbo vaiziva kuti vanhu vose pakushumira ehurumende uye kutyora mutemo vacharangwa zvikuru, kusvikira yezve chinzvimbo kana nzvimbo. Vanoramba vachiedza kudzorera hurongwa mupurovhinzi yake Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Makore hwake panguva ino kwakaratidzwa pakurwisa uori. Zvisinei, izvi zvakatungamirira chete muhondo uye kusanzwisisana pamwe vepamusoro.

Gavhuna muna Tambov mudunhu

Catherine II muna December 1785 chirevo pamusoro kugadzwa pambiru mubati Derzhavin zvino Tambov province. Akasvika kune 4 musi March 1786 gore.

In Tambov dunhu Gavriil Romanovich kuwanikwa rakati nyangarara zvakakwana. zvitsauko Four zvakachinja makore 6 ivepo. Muzviitiko hwakanga hwava mumatope, hakuna rinotsanangurwa dunhu kumuganhu. Huge kukura zvasvika chikwereti. Ainzwa kushaya dzidzo kuti nzanga yose zvayo, uye kunyanya kwamachinda.

Gavriil Romanovich akazarura kuti vaduku svomhu makirasi, girama, geometry, kuimba nokutamba. Theological Seminary uye Garrison School akapa ruzivo murombo kwazvo. Gabriel Derzhavin akasarudza kuzarura imba Jona Borodin, mutengesi womunharaunda, ruzhinji chikoro. Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba zvakapiwa mumba womubati, uye pasina nguva akatanga kuvaka yemitambo. Zvakawanda mupurovhinzi Tambov Derzhavin akaita, isu hatingazvirumbidzi zvinyore zvose. basa rake rave nheyo kukura nharaunda.

MaSeneta Naryshkin uye Vorontsov akasvika kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu ari Tambov province. Zvakafanana pachena kwaiva kuvandudzika kuti Derzhavin muna September 1787 rakanga paakavapa chinhu honorary mubayiro - sezvakarayirwa Vladimir kuti dhigirii rechitatu.

Sezvo akanga arega Derzhavin

Zvisinei, zvishoma nezvishoma basa Gavriil Romanovich muhofisi vakasangana pamwe zvido yomunharaunda kwamachinda uye Varidzi. Uyezve, IV Gudovich, gavhuna, akava mukurwisana zvose kurutivi pedyo kuti akafukidza, uyewo, dzeko mbavha uye mbavha.

Derzhavin akaedza kuranga Dulova, muridzi, akarayira kurova kuti kuduku mhosva pastushonka. Zvisinei, kuedza ichi chakakundikana, uye noruvengo kumutungamiriri kubudikidza amachinda Varidzi kunosimbiswa. Akaratidza maturo uye Gavriil Romanovich chiito kudzora kuba dzomutengesi yemo Borodin, uyo chandakukanganisira chezvipo, vachigovera kuvaka nezvidhinha, uye ipapo vanoshorwa ezvinhu kuti hurumende mune waini kurima.

All makuhwa wakawedzera chekubuda zvichemo, mishumo Derzhavin. Muna January 1789 akanga adzingwa ake pambiru. Zvikuru makombiyuta inobatsira mudunhu vakauya pfupi basa rake.

Dzokerai guru, yaiona mabasa

Mugore iroro Derzhavin akadzokera guru. Iye akambomisa siyana administrative zvepamusoro pano. Panguva iyoyowo, Gavriil Romanovich akaramba kuita mabhuku, mukusika odes (more about basa rake, tichataura pamusoro gare gare).

Derzhavin akagadzwa hurumende wehomwe pasi Paul I. Zvisinei, haana kuwana pamwe mutongi uyu, nokuda tsika, akaumba ake, Gavriil Romanovich mishumo dzavo kazhinji vanopika uye unhu. Alexander I, uyo akatsiva Pauro haana kusiya pasina kuteerera Derzhavin, ukamuita rezvemitemo. Asi gare gare gore mudetembi yakanga yapera nokuti akanga ashumira "wo tichishingaira." Muna 1809, Gavriil Romanovich akanga adzingwa zvose administrative mbiru kare zvakajeka.

okugadzira zvinhu Derzhavina

Russian nhetembo kuna Gavriil Romanovich akanga chaizvo kwakajairika. Derzhavin akawedzera zvikuru dingindira raro. Zvino paiva akasiyana-siyana mabasa nhetembo, kubva yakatarwa ode nziyo nyore. Zvakare mashoko rudzi wokutanga akazviratidza mufananidzo munyori, kureva unhu Nyanduri. Derzhavin aidavira kuti havo kuva matunhu kwakavakirwa chokwadi ounyanzvi. Zvinogona chete kutsanangura nyanduri. Muchiitiko chino, uri kunogona kuva kutevedzera zvakasikwa chete kana zvichibvira kutaura kunzwisisa wenyika, kururamisa tsika yevanhu uye kuzodzidza. Derzhavin vaiona tsika Sumarokov uye Lomonosov. Akava basa rake tsika Russian classicism.

Chinangwa nokuti nyanduri Derzhavin - nenera mabasa akaipa uye rumbidzo kukuru. Somuenzaniso, muna ode "Felitsa" Gavriil Romanovich kunokudza chinoziva umambo mumunhu Catherine II. The akanaka, akangwara Empress zvichisiyaniswa basa iri udyire uye makaro dare vepamusorosoro.

tarenda rake pamusoro nhetembo Derzhavin kunoonekwa semudziyo yakapiwa nyanduri kupfuura kuhwina hondo enyika. Gavriil Romanovich kunyange aiva "kiyi" mabasa ake - netsanangudzo, iyo inoti chii zviitiko zvakatungamirira kuti chidzoke mumwe kana mumwe wavo.

Kuva Zvanka uye bhuku mabasa ekutanga

Derzhavin muna 1797 akatenga munda Zvanka uye kuiita inoverengeka rimwe gore. Nechekare kwegore payo yakaonekwa Vhoriyamu mabasa Gavriil Romanovich rokutanga. Unosanganisira nhetembo, immortalized zita rake: ". On Rufu Prince Meshchersky" "Pakaberekwa mwana porfirorodnogo" ode "On ari kubatwa yaIshimaeri", "Mwari", "mapopoma", "grandee", "Bullfinch".

Drama Derzhavina havagovani mabhuku denderedzwa

Pamusoro pamudyandigere yake, iye akapotsa zvachose akatsaurira upenyu hwake mutambo Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. okugadzira zvinhu yake mirayiridzo iyi chokuita kusikwa anoverengeka dhanzi librettos, uye njodzi zvinotevera:. "The Dark," "Eupraxia", "Herodhi Mariamne" Sezvo 1807 mudetembi akatora Zvinoshingaira mune mabhuku mudenderedzwa mabasa umo gare gare vakaumba vanhu, kuwedzera mukurumbira. Rainzi "Vanoda Shoko Russian". In ake basa "Discourse pamusoro lyric nhetembo kana ode" akapfupikisa ake mabhuku ruzivo Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Okugadzira zvinhu izvozvo kukanganiswa kukura mutauro Arts zvakasimba munyika yedu. vadetembi Vazhinji ngamirirwa naye.

Derzhavin rufu nokutapwa ake masaridzwa

Saka, isu ndakuudzai pamusoro murume mukuru uyu sezvo Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Biography, zvinonakidza zvinhu nezvazvo, okusika nhaka - hwose akafukidza munyaya ino. Zvazvinosarira chete kuudza pamusoro afa Derzhavin uye pamusoro zvichaitirwa mapfupa ake, chakanga zvisiri nyore. Chete ipapo tinogona kufungidzira kuti chaipiwa Biography yakazara Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, kunyange muchidimbu.

Derzhavin akafa kuchamuka wake Zvanka muna 1816. The mubhokisi nomuviri wake akatumira Volkhov pamusoro chikepe. Mudetembi wakawana nzvimbo yake yokupedzisira ari Mutsvene Kuchinja Cathedral pedyo Veliky Novgorod. Cathedral ichi iri nharaunda Varlaamo-Khutyn wemamongi. Pano akavigwa, uye mukadzi wake Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, DARYA Alekseevna.

Wemamongi rakaparadzwa munguva Great Patriotic War. Tomb Derzhavin akatamburawo. Reburial Gavriil Romanovich uye DARYA Alekseevna kwakaitika muna 1959. Ivo zvaiendeswa Novgorod Kremlin. Maererano 250th gore Derzhavin muna 1993 zvisaririra Nyanduri vakanga vadzokera Varlaamo-Khutyn wemamonk.

Muzvikoro hakuna tsaona, uye kusvikira nhasi pane nyanduri akadai Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Biography uye vanoshanda zvakakosha kwete chete kubva zvinoyevedza, asi pamwe chete rokudzidzisa pfungwa maonero. Pashure pezvose, chokwadi yakaparidzwa Derzhavin, nokusingaperi.