Geographical chinzvimbo Russia. The nenzvimbo nenzvimbo Russia, nzvimbo nzvimbo, zvikuru pfungwa

Russia - chikuru kubudikidza nzvimbo munyika munyika. Chii Ndima nayo anopindura? Ndezvipi chikuru zvaiva geopolitical uye zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia?

Basic ruzivo pamusoro Russia

Modern Russian mamiriro akaoneka panyika mepu chete muna 1991. Kunyange zvazvo kutanga kwayo statehood vakasimuka ipapa - anenge gumi nerimwe akapfuura.

Modern Russia - munhu zvokuvhoterwa ane batana mhando. Inoitwa nyaya 85, zvakasiyana pakukura uye vemo. Russia - vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende, izvo zviri musha mapoka anopfuura mazana maviri kwemadzinza.

Nyika ndiyo nyika guru ekisipota ramafuta, gasi, madhaimani, Platinum uye titanium. Uyewo imwe nyika vatungamiri kugadzirwa amoniya, fetiraiza uye nezvombo. Russian Federation - mumwe aitungamirira nzvimbo uye renyukireya masimba enyika.

Ndezvipi huru zviri Russian nzvimbo? Izvi huchakurukurwa.

The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia: nharaunda, nharaunda, uwandu hwevanhu uye endpoints

The nyika ane nzvimbo yakakura nzvimbo mamiriyoni 17.1 mativi mamita. ? km (nzvimbo yokutanga tichitarisa munharaunda munyika). It Anotambanudza nokuti makiromita zviuru gumi kubva pamhenderekedzo peGungwa Dema Sea reBaltic kumadokero kusvika Bering Strait kumabvazuva. Kureba nyika kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumabvazuva 4000? Km.

Kumigumo nharaunda Russia zvinotevera (vose vari rairatidzwa tsvuku kwakajairika zviratidzo pamepu pazasi):

• Northern - Cape Fligely (mu kuwanda Franz-Joseph);
• rwezasi - pedo negomo Kichensuv (mu Dagestan);
• West - on Vistula mate (Kaliningrad Region);
• East - Ratmanova Island (Bering Strait).

Russia muganhu pamusoro 14 akazvimiririra inoti, uyewo mbiri zvishoma zvinozivikanwa inoti (Abkhazia uye South Ossetia). A kuziva chokwadi: 75% of nharaunda iri muna Asia, asi European musha wayo kusvika 80% kubva vokuRussia. The zvachose vagari Russia: vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 147 (sezvo yaJanuary 1, 2017).

Geographical nzvimbo Russia

Nharaunda yose Russia iri mukati Northern Hemisphere uye zvinenge zvose (kunze kwenguva duku chikamu chukchi zvionera District) - mukati Eastern Hemisphere. Hurumende iri kuchamhembe uye nechepakati Eurasia uye inofukidza anenge 30% kubva Asia.

Kurutivi rwokumusoro yokumadokero Russia okumavirira paGungwa kweArctic Ocean uye kumabvazuva - yePacific. Kumadokero chikamu nayo ane nzira yokubudisa kuGungwa Black, raiva muAtlantic Ocean bheseni. Nyika ine wakarebesa pakati dzose dzenyika mhenderekedzo yegungwa pakureba - vanopfuura zviuru 37 makiromita. Ndivo chikuru zviri mumuviri uye nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia.

The nyika ane kukuru wakapfuma uye siyana rwokuzvarwa upfumi zvinogona. Nechepakati wakazaruka dzezvimwe vakapfuma mafuta uye gasi, simbi mhangura, titanium, tini, nickel, mhangura, uranium exchange, goridhe uye nedhaimani. Russia ane hombe mvura uye dondo pfuma. Zvikurukuru, matanda akafukidza vanenge 45% kwenharaunda yacho.

It anomira panze uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha mumuviri uye nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia. Saka, vakawanda munyika iri kuchamhembe 60 ° rwokumusoro Latitude, ari mapazi ose permafrost. Uye yakaoma okunze aya, vanomanikidzwa kurarama nemamiriyoni evanhu. Zvose izvi, Chokwadi, avasakadza upenyu, tsika uye tsika vanhu Russian.

Russia iri dzinonzi ngozi kurima. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pakukura hwokurima chikamu chikuru zvakaoma kana zvisingaiti. Saka, muna kuchamhembe dzenyika hazvikwani kupisa, kumaodzanyemba, nekusiyana, munoperevedza mvura. Izvi zviri nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia zvazvinoita yekudyidzana pamusoro zvokurima nemauto hwenyika, riri kurichemera dzinopiwa nehurumende.

Zvinoriumba uye kwevari ezvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika

Under zvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu (EGP) munyika kana nharaunda kunzwisisa raora pakati kubatana uye ukama nomumwe emakambani, misha uye nzvimbo ine zvinhu kuti dziri kunze kwenyika uye ane simba rokuchinja pairi.

Masayendisiti ziva zvinotevera zvinoumba ari EGP:

• senga;
• maindasitiri;
• agrogeograficheskoe;
• wevanotungamirira;
• kuzvivaraidza;
• musika (chinzvimbo panyaya misika).

Maonero ane nyika kana nharaunda EGP kuitwa musi matatu akasiyana siyana: micro, meso uye makro chechetere. Next, ticharamba kuongorora macrolocation Russia chokuita kunze nyika yose.

Kunyanya kuchinja mune zvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo chinzvimbo Russia

Kukura munharaunda - kupfuura chinokosha uye abatsire zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo nezvenzvimbo Russia, iro chokuita zvakawanda tarisiro. It anobvumira nyika kupa nomazvo weboka basa, zviine musoro kuisa mauto avo zvibereko, nezvimwewo, Russia miganhu gumi kunyika Eurasia, kusanganisira - .. Strong chinokosha mujinga China, Ukraine, Kazakhstan. Dzakawanda senga corridors nechokwadi pedyo pamwe chete kunyika dzokuMadokero uye Central Europe.

Pano, zvichida, chikuru zviri Russian nzvimbo yomugariro zvoupfumi hunhu. Sei changing emakore achangopfuura? Uye kuzvishandura?

Pashure pokuwa USSR upfumi uye nenzvimbo mamiriro ezvinhu munyika hwaderera. Uye pamusoro senga zvose. Pashure pezvose, mukana reRussia kunzvimbo sokuronga zvinokosha kweGungwa Dema uye Sea reBaltic mukutanga kuma1990 zvishoma kwazvo, uye nyika anoverengeka zana makiromita kure kubva zvikuru dzakabudirira muEurope. Uyezve, Russia chakarasikirwa chaizvo tsika misika yacho.

The geopolitical chinzvimbo Russia

Geopolitical nzvimbo - iyi ndiyo nzvimbo munyika pamusoro enyika nyika munhandare, ayo ukama nevamwe anoti. On wose, Russia ine yakafara mikana zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, zvechiuto, zvesayenzi uye tsika pamwe Nyika Eurasia uye nyika zhinji.

Zvisinei, havasi vose rinoti, nomukadzi ava kukura zvakanaka. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura vave yekudyidzana dzakaderera noukama pakati Russia nevakawanda NATO nyika - Czech Republic, Romania, Poland, vaimbova pedyo vatsigiri Soviet Union. chokwadi ichi, nenzira, yainzi rakakura Russian geopolitical kukundwa muzana remakore itsva.

Complex uye pachinzvimbo kuramba kusvinwa noukama reRussia nevanhu vanoverengeka dzaimbova nyika dzeSoviet: Ukraine, Georgia, Moldova, kunyika kuBaltic nharaunda. Sezvineiwo yakachinja geopolitical mamiriro ezvinhu munyika muna 2014 pamwe accession iri Crimean kweItari (zvikurukuru muGungwa Black nharaunda).

Zvakachinja geopolitical chinzvimbo Russia muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri

Kana tikafunga remakore rechimakumi maviri, kupfuura chaihwo rearrangement mauto ari kuEurope uye nyika zvematongerwo enyika kwakaitika muna 1991. Pokuwa USSR simba hurumende kwakatungamirira akatevedzana inokosha kuchinja geopolitical ezvinhu Russia:

• nechomumugwagwa mukomberedzo yeRussia yakabuda vanopfuura gumi nevaviri muduku uye akazvimirira anoti izvo zvakanga zvakafanira kuti vagadze mutsva mhando ukama;
• Soviet kuvapo mauto akanga pakupedzisira liquidated mune anoverengeka Eastern uye Central Europe;
• Russia akagamuchira marongerwo riri matambudziko uye kudzivirirwa Enclave - the Kaliningrad nharaunda;
• NATO uto bloc zvishoma nezvishoma akaswedera zvakananga kumiganhu Russian.

Zvisinei, mumakore gumi apfuura hatina akagadza zvakarurama simba uye mose ukama pakati Russia uye Germany, China, Japan, India.

In mhedziso: Russia munyika yanhasi

Russia inoremekedzwa mundima huru, tinazvo kukuru kwevanhu uye dzinongoitika upfumi zvinogona. Nhasi ndiro nyika pakukura munyika uye guru mutambi ari pose munhandare. Unogona kusimbisa kukosha zviri Russian nzvimbo, pano vari:

1. Kuwanda kwakaita nzvimbo yaigarwa uye richikura urefu pamiganhu.
2. An zvinoshamisa siyana dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye zvinhu.
3. WaMosesi (non-kufanana) kuti kugarwa uye kusimudzira nharaunda zvoupfumi.
4. Mikana yezvokutengeserana, zvechiuto uye enyika pamwe chete siyana pedyo inoti, kusanganisira chikuru upfumi hwenyika ano.
5. Impermanence uye kusagadzikana pamusoro geopolitical ezvinhu munyika mumakore emakore.

Geographical chinzvimbo Russia akasiyana kunobatsira chaizvo. Asi zvakanakira izvi (dzinongoitika, zvoupfumi, inokosha uye geopolitical), zvinokosha kuti vadzidze kuti zvakarurama uye zvakanaka kushandisa, kutungamirira kuti awedzere simba renyika uye vagare zvakanaka.