Greek ethos-panguva mudzidzisi munyaya ne Likhanova "nevavariro dzakanaka" uye ayo pfupiso. "Vavariro Yakanaka" Lihanov Albert Anatolevich

The sirogani the Children Russian kuti Fund, icho inotungamirirwa munyori uye mutori Albert Likhanov, anoverenga sezvinotevera :. "Hapana zuva pasina mabasa akanaka" Concise, mashoko catchy vaisagona kuva nani zvinoratidza pfungwa imwe kuzivikanwa nomukurumbira (iye navakuru yakakurumbira International Association of Children kuti Kwayo, ndiye mutungamiriri Institute uduku, academician, honorary mugari weguta Kirov uye Kirov nharaunda). Likhanov akafunga uye vakatenda kuti vakawanda vepachokwadi pfungwa dzevanhu, pasina, kana ivo vakatevera nezvatinoita chaizvo. Nhasi tichataura pamusoro akakurumbira basa "rakanaka nevavariro." Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1981. Zvinonzi matunhu tsika akararama mudzidzisi.

"Ngakuve zuva!"

Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani basa kunechekuita evanhu kufungwa vabereki, asi kupfuura zvose anoda inzwiwe mwana kuzivana naye Biography ari munyori AA Likhanova. Akaberekwa September 13, 1935 mu Kirov, mumhuri ine nyore Soviet. Baba - samakanika, mai - murabhoritari mubatsiri ari muchipatara uye munguva yehondo - ari kubvisa muchipatara.

Muna 1958 iye kudzidza weDhipatimendi venhau pamusoro Ural State University (Ural State University, Sverdlovsk, ikozvino Yekaterinburg). In chizvarwa guta rake kuzivikanwa dzomupepanhau pamusoro pepanhau "Kirov vechokwadi." Muna 1961, pano, mu nyika duku, akatungamirira nguva nenguva "Koshanda dzinza." Kirovchane vakura pazera tichareva bhuku muvambi.

Pasi Kirov vakaona chiedza wokutanga mabhuku vana Likhanova ( "O mambokadzi anodadisa, tsanga goridhe uye inopisa mwoyo", 1959). Munyori pachake akatora wayo pokutangira nyaya "Ngakuve zuva!" (1963). Gone makore uye emakore, uye vaverengi vakatanga kudzidza "kumeso" ine mwero shoma inzwi akanyorwa: ". Nevavariro dzakanaka" A. Likhanov, Analysis basa tichiita nhasi.

Teens - kusuduruka yedu

Vakanga Papera Novosibirsk, pepanhau "Komsomolskaya Pravda,", inova dzomupepanhau Albert A. akashanda kwemakore maviri, kushandurira kupinda muchina-Union Leninist Communist Youth League Central Committee uye magazini "Change". Yokupedzisira yakava njodzi munyori kwemakumi emakore maviri. makore 13, kubvira muna 1975, AA Likhanov ari mupepeti bhuku simba mabhuku tsika.

Youth chisimbiso vabvumirwe vanoshamba muupenyu vana kuyaruka munyika hombe inonzi Soviet Union, kufunga zvine chokuita neukama pakati vanababa uye vana akasiyana pamakona. Kamwe dingindira akasarudzwa nokusingaperi akava musimboti yemunyori basa. Munyori ndechechokwadi chokuti kukura vanhu (vedu ramangwana) anokodzerwa pfungwa kwenzanga. A rinokosha pakudzidzisa chizvarwa chevechiduku, iye ibasa mhuri uye chikoro. Likhanov zhinji mabhuku vakazvitsaurira kuna vana kuhondo.

Yepamusoro basa kunyora AA Likhanova kwakaitika muna 1970-1990 gg. Muna 1983 ndipo nokuda bhuku "The kunoshamisa pedagogy: Essays pamusoro Conflict" (1983) akagamuchira International mabhuku mubayiro wavo. J. Korczak. Kubvira 1987, okusika basa munyori anoenda kuruzhinji, zvainanga kudzivirira vana. Ngano "nevavariro dzakanaka" ari pamusoro yakasimba nhovo kunyatsogadzikana rugare makore manomwe.

Nyika haisi pasina nherera

ngano AA Likhanova "zvakanaka zvinovavarirwa" pamusoro penyaya nherera pamwe navapenyu vabereki, nevana kusurukirwa akabuda kundorwa uye kubhombiwa, pasi nyoro rebhuruu akafukidzwa chena namakore. Runyararo nherera. Heart vaverengi kufunga pamusoro XXI remakore nonyanya nehanya chokwadi kuti bhuku rakanyorwa pamusoro 35 apfuura, kupfuura kare akakodzera nhasi.

Zvechokwadi, kuramba kuita vabereki basa - kutanga chinowanzoitwa Russia ano. Pane maonero kuti zvinhu rakaoma nokuti nhasi "Nadia-sic" - vanonzi shoma magamba kutungamirira kwako kufarira mudzidzisi Nadezhda Georgievna - hadziwanzowaniki chaizvo.

About bhuku mhinduro "vavariro Good" Vaverengi 'anenge zvakafanana. Vakadana bhuku nomutsa, mano, azadzwa wakachena pfungwa duku mudzidzisi mabhuku Hope. The musikana nomwoyo wangu wose anofunga pamusoro Undercut zvichaitirwa vadzidzi vake, chaitwa kuna nechokwadi kuti ayo kuroorwa "Umki" muzive rudo vanamai - "Bear" (mu eponymous dzomufirimu kubva screenplay Albert Likhanova pane chiono chinosiririsa apo zvishoma vasikana uye tariro-BHA kuona katuni "Umka "), rababa unyoro, kunyange kana vachaziya isiri ropa vanhu.

Varipi nevavariro dzakanaka?

Yeuka zano: Pedagogical Institute seri kuparadzira, kutanga kushanda upenyu. Zvakangoitikawo kuti musikana mwero Hope, kufanana mberi, muwisira wokutanga chikwata mugwaro, 22 iyo - nherera kubva wenherera. Rakarererwa tsika anokudzwa Soviet uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika uye kurasira ( "navo, mhandara mwoyo akazodemba hazvibviri"), aigara umo zvakanzi vaidavira kuti munhu ane shamwari, komuredhi uye munin'ina, mudzidzisi haabvumiri pfungwa kusiya yakakwirira basa kudzidzisa uye dzidzisa vakakuvadzwa mutambo . Vavariro yake zvakanaka. Asi varipi? Uyu pfupiso. Likhanov nevavariro dzakanaka Anobvumira, asi haana kuchena "uchinakidzwa" chimiro.

Hope-makore 32 vasingatyi anotora pamusoro Zvisaririra yokusavimbika vaida vanaamai dzamadzibaba chete. Iye achida kumuwana mumwe mukuru mumwe mwana nherera, kuti "shoma vanhu" saizvozvo uzivewo kudziya nemhuri wechoto. Pakutanga, vose vari nani kupfuura kare. Vanhu vane chido (kana kuti vanogona) kuratidza tsitsi. Asi zvose haisi nyore: kuwana mukuru shamwari nokuti nherera yaiva nyore pane kuichengeta. Zvikonzero pakakoromoka kunonzwisisika, asi chii chacho?

Munziramo riri kuchijeka. Hazvisi chete pamusoro-gore nomwe vakomana nevasikana vari kumanikidzwa ingamera vabereki, uye kuti nyika ino zvose ine nzvimbo "pedyo zvakanaka anowana zvakaipa." Uye pamusoro kukwanisa kutora basa yezviito zvavo uye irresponsibility. Asi nyika vana uye vakuru, kunyange dzimwe nguva dzakadaro polar Chokwadi, zvinofanira kuva zvakafanana. Zvikasadaro - dambudziko. Munyaya "vavariro Good" Albert Anatolevich Lihanov anotaura nezvazvo.

Mother-neshiri yegungwa

Kako kubva pasi vabereki bapiro kusiyanisa musha wakanaka uye chikoro chebhodhingi, nekwavanogara uye kudzidza kubva kwevhiki kusvikira kwevhiki. Nherera havanzwi kusiyana chikoro uye musha vana. Kwavari, kuerera mevhiki miitiro inoburitsa zvinhu zvakanyatsofanana: zvose vadzidzisi, iyo yakaoma hurumende zuva, vanhuwo upenyu. Musiyano anoita zita nzvimbo? Zvinogona kucherechedzwa arava pfupiso. "Good nevavariro" Likhanov akavaka nenzira inoita kuti Hazvibviri kuti vanonzwa kurwadziwa uye tariro kusiyiwa.

The heroine bhuku Lepestinya haagoni kunzwisisa kupi inherera, hazvina nzara, hapana nguva yakaoma. Asi podi-Ka vari! Zvino, uye ikozvino. Anogona nzanga dzemazuva ano kugadzirisa dambudziko orphanhood? Vazhinji vanofunga kuti dambudziko ravapo solvable (kana kwete zvakazara, tevere mukuru pamwero), kusimbisa mhuri tsika kana kwete mumashoko ( "akanaka nevavariro"), asi uchidzidzira. Kudos kuti maternity uye ubaba, rimwe raikosha pamusoro zvokunamata pane zvokunyama zvakanaka - ". Kukushin chirwere" ichi "piritsi" kubva Nherera haagoni kutsiva mhuri.

mudzidzisi basa

Kana basa iri nyore-mudzidzisi mudzidzisi? Chokwadika kwete! On dzinenge dzose peji nyaya dzinogona kuwanikwa mitsetse kuti tiratidze mafungiro Hope Bonner refu basa mudzidzisi, anokwanisa kunyika nomwoyo wose kuva munhu. Rudo - ichi ndicho chikuru mhando "mafuta" kuti anotsigira echipiriso mweya mudzidzisi.

Kunzwa uku (kana!) Havagoni kuripa kana metered. The mudzidzisi akanaka - paunhu maximalist, saka anokwevera Albert Likhanov. Pakutsigira pfungwa dzake musoro chikoro chebhodhingi rinonzi mudzidzisi penyaya Feat muzita vana. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndiwo kupupura mudzidzisi pfupiso. Vavariro Dzakanaka Likhanov wakakura uye simba; havafaniri kuva chero paangodira, nokupenya nemanzwiro.

Vakawira mugomba kushanda upenyu, mudzidzisi wechiduku, asina kuti "shamwari vakura 'vavariro hadzina akaziva, kwete Kutuka dzavo, uye iye, nokuti anofunga kuti anonyatsofarira anokonzera zvose zvinoitika kumativi. Izvi kuzvitsaurira zhinji nevaverengi sezvisingabviri. Or musimbise? Kana pamwe zvose zvakafanana hahuwanikwi achiti kuti "upenyu munogara Feat", kunyanya kana nokuda kwavana?

Utsotsi uye Kurangwa

Mutoro zvichaitirwa nherera - vane muchinjikwa uyu? Vanovachengeta? States? All akaisa pamwechete? Iri idambudziko chisakachena uye zvinofanira kugadziriswa pamusoro nyika haina makamutsiridzazve kufanana nemasora, zvakapesana kwevanhu quality, apo pasina munhu inotumidzwa chinhu, uye kununura unonyura - mabasa emaoko unonyura.

Munyaya "vavariro Good" mienzaniso sezvo mukuru nenhanho pfungwa, uye irresponsibility vakuru chinokurwadza kunokuvadza vana. Uye kwete pasi kudzora zviito "vabereki" zvakazoita kuti rugare nherera, uye sei zvinogona kunzi sokukanganisirwa iro chirango vanofanira kutevera.

Neimwe nzira, tariro

Tariro G. - huru heroine of yokufungidzira - ndiyo vavariro anokwanisa uye yakakwirira uye kuita, chii chiri kudiwa nevaverengi vakawanda. Bhuku inokurudzira, asi hazvirevi kuti kurongeka kutevera muenzaniso wake - kuti rudo hazviiti. Pane izvi vose anouya (zvichida haana) mutengo vazhinji nemiedzo muupenyu uye zvikanganiso.

Hard kana zvikanganiso kurwadzisa mwoyo yedu, asi kunyange kuipa, kana ivo kusiya "notch" riri mweya younyoro evana - kwete simba, kuvimba, nyore.

Kurota hakuna kuipa, zvinokosha kuita

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kunyange mubhuku kana kusunungurwa pashure raro rakafara sefa firimu Albert Likhanov kuisa pfungwa pamusoro i, tichipa munhu wose mukana kuona sei nyaya yakapera uye Kuramba rugare neimwe nyaya.

Direct kudzidzisa simba Albert Likhanova mabhuku mu "vavariro Yakanaka" mukuru uye yokufungidzira zvikurukuru ndechokuti vari vakazadzwa tsitsi. Munyori haatyi mashoko akadai tsitsi, mutsa, ruregerero, rubatsiro.

Kwakadaro broadly Pfupiso chigadzirwa ichi. "Vavariro Yakanaka" Likhanov, ndinofunga, anoti "kuchema kubva pamwoyo." Anoti iye kwakasimbiswa zvokuti nhasi vana vose Russian, Chokwadi, - nherera. Muvanhu, kwete kumirira "ngoni zvakasikwa", kuti pasi, vanofunga zvinhu zvose kuva zvishoma erudo, havana kuzochaona kuvimba nesimba uye mari.

Asi ruponeso vanhu nhema kwete mavari, uye rudo kune mumwe munhu uye nyika kumativi. Albert Likhanov ari wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira pakati kunaka maonero upenyu tsika. Achitenda kuti iye zvino ndiyo nguva yokuti zvakasimba kubatanidza nevavariro dzakanaka uye zviito chaidzo.