Hetman - chiratidzo muUkraine

Nhoroondo tsika hetman - weuto uyo akatungamirira mumwe boka revarwi uye hondo yose. Kokutanga muupenyu kunobva shoko "Hetman" kunotaurwa pachishandiswa Hussite vachimupandukira muCzech Republic. KuPoland, izwi rinoshandiswa pamwe 1503, yaiva mukuru wamambo muchiuto.

Hetmans sezvo vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika

With vakawanda Ukrainian hetman akakonzera chinhu zvakadai "National yerusununguko pakati yechiUkraine vanhu" pamusoro Commonwealth. Nhoroondo appropriation ezita ichi muna Ukraine unofadza zvikuru. Kusiyana midzi nhoroondo nokuwadzana kuti Hetman - ichi chinokuvadzwa mutongi Cossacks uye Hetman mamiriro, kokutanga rokuti pamutemo Bogdan Khmelnitsky muna 1648.

Pashure Union of Lublin muna 1596 muPoland, ari kuchinja vomunharaunda hurumende kwakaitika, maererano izvo neimwe kumatunhu poumambo aiva mutongi wayo, akadana hetman. Ndiyo nyaya yacho chidzoke zita rokuti "yechiUkraine hetman."

Kubudirira nevarwi Zaporozhian

Taura pamusoro anobatsira basa Hetman mukuru yakatarwa kuti Mambo Poland muUkraine, kwete zviripo. Pakati enyika, zvechiuto uye zvetsika vakakurumbira inofananidza 16-17 emakore hazvina pamutemo Hetman. Cossack Hetman hunotaurwa chikamu vakadzidza vanozviti akasununguka Commonwealth. The Cossacks kuisa isu mabasa akawanda:

• vakandorwa Polish vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata, umo kuvimba mari varimi (panschina, zvakavakodzera, etc ...);
• hondo nechitarisiko vavengi (Krymskoe Hanstvo uye hweOttoman Empire).

Yakakurumbira Cossack hetman mushakabvu rechi16 mangwanani muzana remakore rechi17 uye vaiva Krzysztof Kosinski, Severin Nalivaiko uye Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. vanhu ava kuonekwa kukura mukana Cossacks chaiye kuziva chido Ukrainian vanhu kuzvimirira uye, naizvozvo, avo ezvinhu. Panguva iyoyowo, vakanyatsonzwisisa kunzwisisa kunzwisisa izvi. The chikuru nzira hondo dzaiva rutsigiro rwemauto uye kupandukira. Zvikuru wandisa yaiva yemuna makore 1591-1596. Panguva iyoyo, Cossack matanga akanga akashinga kwazvo, asi zvakadaro hauna vakapakata zvombo, saka vakatambura vakakurirwa anoverengeka hondo zvikuru. Panguva wamambo kukuvadza kungaita wandei. Yakanga pashure yokumukira izvi Rzeczpospolita kudzorwa hurumende hurongwa dzematunhu, kudzidzisa yepamutemo chinzvimbo Hetman. External nzendo Cossacks kucherechedza Moscow muna 1602, uyewo akawanda kurwisa zvakakura pamusoro vokuTurkey, Ukrainians zvakaratidza kuva vavengi simba kwazvo.

hetman Khmelnitsky

Bogdan Zinovy Khmelnitsky akaberekwa muna 1596. Iye akapiwa dzidzo yakanaka pane hanzvadzi chikoro Kiev. Patrimony iri Khmelnitskiy Subotove, pedo neguta Chigirin (ano Cherkassy nharaunda rweUkraine). Akashumira ari mumusasa vakanyoresa Cossacks, muchirongwa hondo pamwe Spain, akatora nhare Dunkirk muFrance. Asi zvikuru basa muupenyu Khmelnitsky akaita munguva kubvira 1648 kusvika mugore ra1654 munguva National Liberation kurwisa Commonwealth. Yakanga mumakore aya Hetman - yemauto uye enyika mutungamiriri vehondo akarwa Commonwealth. The hondo Polish Hurumende akapfuura pamwe siyana kubudirira. hondo kubudirira kwakanga muchirimo 1648 panguva Yellow Waters uye Korsun.

Vatungamiriri Polish zvakava pachena kuti vakanga vari kubata ine simba mupikisi. Muchirimo 1648 Ukrainian mauto vakarwisa vokuPoland Estates. Kuwanda varwi vari mauto Khmelnitsky yakawedzera kusvika 30 000 vanhu. Muchirimo 1648 aiva kuhwina hondo pyliavtsi. Mumakore akatevera, akanga achirwa pana Zbarazh uye Berestechko. The chikuru mugumisiro mabasa Bogdana Hmelnitskogo akanga kubatana Ukrainian nyika kuRussia muna mugore ra1654 Pereyaslav.

Ivan Mazepa - Hetman

Paitonga Mazepa kubva 1687 kusvika 1709 unogona kukamurwa 2 nhengo. Asati pakutanga War Northern Hetman aiva noukama hwakanaka kwazvo pamwe Peter Mukuru. The chikuru basa Mazepa iyi, kuti vabatsirwe vanhu, richiratidzwa kukura tsika uye kunamata (chivakwa chechi). The nguva yechipiri (1700 kusvika 1709) akaratidza kuti Mazepa - Hetman, kufunga nyika rusununguko. The apogee akadai iwayo vava kubvumirana Ukrainian hetman pamwe Swedish King Karl XII. A kuratidzwa chokubatana ichi chaiva kutora chikamu batana mauto Mazepa uye Sweden iri Poltava kunorwa mauto Peter.

Ukrainian hetman Chokwadi, vasingagoni kugadzirisa mubvunzo yokuzvimirira zvizere nyika, asi pakanga kubatana rudzi dzavanhu - vokuRussia uye Belarusians. Hetman - munhu rinosanganisa national zvinotarisirwa wokuUkraine vanhu. Yakanga ine veMubatanidzwa Hetman rakawedzera National Liberation kufamba munharaunda Ukraine ano.