High-simukai zvivakwa. Nhurikidzwa dzakawanda of Moscow uye zvenyika

Nhasi, hapana munhu achaita kushamisika chivako multi-nyaya, asi vaviri makore zana apfuura, kunyange pfungwa dzimba kuti kukwirira sokuti ane ouinjiniya chinoshamisa. Nhasi, nyika makwikwi ari uwandu nhurikidzwa dzakawanda uye runako rwavo. Buildings uchiwedzera, kuwedzera uwandu mapuriro uye complicating Masvomhu.

Nhoroondo nhurikidzwa dzakawanda

Zvivako Multi-storey anozivikanwa vanhu kwenguva refu. Asi chivakwa wokutanga, yainzi skyscraper yakavakwa tichishandisa ichangopfuura - chete muna 1885 mu Chicago. Hazvina musoro kutaura, asi zvino atumidzwa imba, waiva uriri chete 10, vaviri zvakawanda akazviratidza papera. Saka, zvachose kureba skyscraper of XIX remakore rakanga pfuurei 50 mamita.

pakupedzisira Development uye uvandudze okuvaka michina akabvisa dambudziko kwezvivako mikuru, nokuti simbi puranga kubvumirwa kuomesa rusvingo, apo nokuderedza kunopindirana uremu pedyo wechitatu. Dambudziko Kukwirira vachisimudza kwakadaro rave kugadziriswa pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa dzemagetsi elevators.

Pakarepo mushure wokutanga mukuru-vosimba muzvivako pakati vavaki kwindi kurwirana utongi. Kunyanya chenjera ndiye umo vaikwikwidzana pamwe nemumwe nhurikidzwa dzakawanda New York muna 20s ose XX remakore. Makore asingasviki 30 pashure kutanga wokutanga mukuru-simukai chivako mukuru shongwe yakavakwa muna 241 mita. Mumakore 17 apfuura akatevera, hapana aigona kuputsa zvinyorwa izvi, uye ipapo ukabatwa ndiro rine chokwadi pamusoro Chrysler Building uye chiratidzo 320 ari spire. Asi gare gare isingasviki gore (1931) chivako yakavhurwa, akazova chiratidzo ose nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Rainge Empire State Building, vakakurira Chipingamupinyi 100 pamapuriro. It yakavakwa rekodhi nguva, zvishoma kupfuura gore.

Kwechinguva kutamburira kwakanyarara kuti ari '70s kunomukazve zvakare. Palm intercepted zvivako munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika, asi hapana akakwanisa kuuita refu. Nhasi nde- kuvaka Burj Khalifa, apo wokutanga uye chete mamiriro kuputsa munembo storeys 150.

patani Features

Kuvaka mukuru-vosimba muzvivako chokuita zvimwe zvinetso. Kunze kwokuti murongedzeri anofanira kufunga mukanyiwa chacho, ayo zvizivikanwe nemichina nemishonga nezvimwe parameters zhinji, Masvomhu zvose zvinofanira kuva chaiwo chaizvo, nokuti zvimwe vangatambura yakawanda vanhu. In chido kuzadzisa zvimwe vavariro inofanira kugara Rangarirai kuchengeteka uye kuswedera nyaya nenjere. Ndokusaka magadzirirwe mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa - chinhu zvachose kurayira, izvo zvinoda mumwe mafungiro.

Zvisinei, pakutsvaka rakavimbika, hatigoni kukanganwa pamusoro runako. yanyatsosimba mabhokisi kongiri kwakajairika kwenguva refu nguva haana basa, vanhu vanoda mumwe nyasha uye nenyama siyana, saka kuti basa mapurani hakuiti kuti kunzi nyore. Service nhurikidzwa dzakawanda - uyewo husiri nyore, nokuti kunyange chaiye mahwindo mubato havagoni kuva pasina kuminamato maindasitiri makomo. Uye vachiri vanofanira kufunga kuchengeteka nyaya, izvo zvava kupfuura unokosha kupfuura pashure 11 September 2001, apo moto uye pokuwa nhurikidzwa dzakawanda maviri kwakaurayisa upenyu vasingaverengeki.

chikamu

Kwenguva refu nguva kusarudza chii chaizvo kunoonekwa sechinhu skyscraper, zvakanga zvakaoma. Zvino mubvunzo richiri kushanda, nokuti anoshandisa akawanda zvinodiwa siyana. Mumwe kuyera kukwirira denga, pasina kufungisisa spire, vamwe kufungawo here nebasa kanyanga nezvimwe zvivako, uye vamwe vanofungidzira pakafunuka kwakavakirwa yakakwirira chivakwa. Chero zvazvingava, zvino vaiona nhurikidzwa dzakawanda zvivakwa pamwe mapuriro (ndiko kuti, asina neshongwe), kuratidza kusvika mamita 100 uye kupfuura. Kubva 35 kusvika 100 - yakakwirira-kuwedzera kuvaka. Above 300 - Ultra-soro uye 600 - ndivo chivakashure "Mega". Nenzira, wokupedzisira maviri chete munyika.

Nhoroondo-mudariki

6 pa10 chemhando zvivako munyika zvisinei dziri muAsia, kuti nzvimbo nhatu okutanga inogarwa zvivako, izvo dziri muna Brazil, Saudi Arabia uye United States. Saka, zviri anoramba kuchinja kubva 2009:

1. Burj Khalifa (Brazil).
2. Abraj Al hwemusi (Saudi Arabia).
3. 1 World Trade Center (USA).
4. Taipei 101 (Taiwan).
5. Schanhaysky World Trade Center (China).
6. International Commerce Center (Hong Kong).
7. Petronas-1 (Malaysia).
8. Petronas-2 (Malaysia).
9. Grinlend Nanjing (China).
10. Willis Tower (United States).

Nhurikidzwa dzakawanda of Moscow uye Russia

Mumaguta enyika Russian Federation kwenguva refu, mukuru-simukai pakuvaka kwakasara aesthetic, uye zvinhu zvokunamata. Kusvika munenge XX remakore yakakwirira enhoroondo nepakati yakaramba Ivan Mukuru Bell kukwirira 81 mamita. Sezvineiwo, mukuru-vosimba chivako Russia kwenguva refu nguva aiva nezita rayo, kwete akakweretwa nezvimwe mitauro - tucherezy. Yokutanga kwakadaro chirongwa akatora famba ano, chaiva kuvaka paMuzinda vokuSoviet, waiva kuva kukwirira 495 metres. Kuvaka kwakatanga muna 1937, asi yakakanganiswa nehondo, uye ipapo pfungwa iyi yakasiyiwa.

Up kusvikira pakupedzisira mashoma emakore kuti ataure zvechokwadi mukuru-kuwedzera zvivako mumaguta Russian kwakanga kwakaoma, sokuti, havaiti huchikanganiswa zvavo mapurani chitarisiko. Chokwadi, vatsoropodzi vakawanda nhasi, asi reruwa Moscow City uye vakawana Fans ayo. In St. Petersburg, zvakare pasi kuvakwa skyscraper, anovimbisa kuti chikuru mu Europe, asi kusvikira pakuguma yakarongwa nokuda 2019.

yakakurumbira skyscraper

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vakawanda vavo havana kuiswawo pakati pemazita ari soro nhurikidzwa dzakawanda New York ndivo yakakurumbira zvikuru. guta rino chinouya mupfungwa kana totaura soro-vosimba zvivakwa. The heroines pamusoro Hollywood mafirimu kurarama penthouse muManhattan, manheru kuyemura Panorama. Hongu, New York zviri zvisingaiti kufungidzira kusina nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Shanghai uye Hong Kong uyewo akurira rekodhi nguva, asi yatova chinoshamisira zvose zviri mukati aripo chimiro.

Zviya, kwenguva refu, mukuru-simuka zvivakwa "Stalin kuti" muMoscow vaionekwa zvakakwana dzinonakidza uye vachivimbisa bazi mapurani. Nhasi, vashanyi vatorwa akavashanyira nekukurumidza uye anotarisa Pakuumbwa.

tarisiro

Zvinoita sokuti ezvivako havasi kuenda kugumira ipapo, saka pashure vaviri emakore majee pamusoro okisijeni Matangi kunogona kuva chokwadi. Akatotanga vakatanga kuvaka zvivako, kukwirira ichazovapo kusvika 1 kiromita. Pane mabasa idzo kukunda zvinhu nevanhu kwakadzikira kusvika 4,000 - nyaya nguva. Chokwadi, hazvingaiti vanhu vachava vachida kuburukira 800-fung uriri kwehafu yeawa. Asi zvinoshamisa zvakakwana kuti kubva waishandiswa nemaonero, kuvakwa mukuru-richisimuka zvivako zvikuru ichi zvichibvira. Kunyange zvazvo, kuti vave nechokwadi kuti zvirongwa zvakadai ava maonero chaiyo, zvinokosha kuti uongorore zvakare kupfuura zvinodiwa zvinokosha dzomumaguta kukura.