Htaccess (encoding): kuisa, mienzaniso yekushandiswa

Munhu wose, kufamba Internet, akawana mapeji akadai uye nzvimbo dzisina kururama. Semuenzaniso, nekuzarura nzvimbo, mushumiri anoona zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunyoresa panzvimbo yemashoko akajeka, pakati peiyo munogona kusiyanisa hieroglyphs, arcs, zviratidzo nezvimwe zviratidzo. Iko kunowanzoona zvakafanana kana uchienda kune chero chiChinese kana chiJapane nzvimbo. Zvose izvi zvinobva pakuti kune mamwe maitiro anoshandiswa mu .htaccess file. Ikojikodhi munyika idzodzo yakasiyana. A faira yakagadziridzwa yakarongeka ichaita kuti zvive nyore kudzivisa kuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvisingazwisisiki panzvimbo ino.

Chii chinyorwa?

Pane chinyorwa chekutanga chesaiti, iyo inonzi Default Charset. Iyo inosanganiswa mune imwechete .htaccess file. Ikojikodhi inodiwa kuitira kuti tinyatsoona mutemo maererano nezviratidzo izvo zvichashandurwa kuva mazano ehutano.

Makumi makumi emakore adarika apfuura, maikodhi akanga ari maduku. Zvaisanganisira zvinyorwa zvinomwe zvemashoko. Muenzaniso unogona kuva ASCII kukodha. Iye zvino vane nhamba huru kwazvo. Pakati pavo - uye yakakurumbira UTF-8, Windows-1251.

Chinokosha ndeyekuti zvinyorwa zvinenge zvakasiyana-siyana zvichange zvakasiyana. Ndicho chikonzero chekuti zvikanganiso zvioneke pamapeji ewebsite. Shanduro yevashandisi inogona kugadzirirwa imwe yerudzi rwekodhi, uye iyo .htaccess file pane server ine imwe. Somugumisiro, zvose zvinyorwa pamapeji zvinoshanduka kuva nheyo dzisinganzwisisiki zviratidzo.

Basic Encodings

Muchi .htaccess, unogona kutsanangura parameter iyo inoshandisa kugadzirisa kukodha kukuru kwewebhu rose. Mukuwedzera, iwe unogona kunyora mamwe emakodhi, izvo zvichavabvumira kuti vanyatsoratidzwa pamapeji ose ewebsite. Vashanduri vewebhu mu .htaccess encoding inowanzotaurwa mumhando mbiri - UTF-8 uye Windows-1251. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kushandiswa nenhamba yakawanda yevashandisi uye vanyori vanyori.

Kuti urege kudzika kuumbwa kwezvinyorwa zvisingakwanisi kuparadzaniswa, unofanirwa kuisa kukodha kukuru kwewebsite yose uchishandisa Default Charset parameter, uyewo mu .htaccess, kurambidza kutendeuka kwefaira kana kuti kunyoresa zvese zvakakodzerwa zvakakodzera. Mushure mezvose, dambudziko guru nderokuti, somuenzaniso, muteresi anogona kutumira imwe nhamba mukodhi yakasiyana yakasiyana, iyo iyo server isingagoni kuverenga. Mabasa akadaro anofanira kunge akanyeverwa zvisati zvaitika.

Nzira yekugadzirisa nzvimbo yekodhi mu .htaccess file

Izvo zvisingazozivikanwi Charset kukodha, iyo ndiyo kiyi, inoshandiswa neyo default server uye yakatumirwa kune browser, inoratidzwa uchishandisa AddDefaultCharset sarudzo. Iko kudikanwa kuwedzera yekuregererwa kwekodhi yekugadzirisa. Paunotumira zvinyorwa zveHTTP, mutemo unopiwa kwavari, izvo zvinotaurira musikana wekodhi iyo inofanirwa kutarisa vanhu vose vari pawebsite. Ndicho chikonzero muChinyorwa-Chigadziro chikamu iwe unofanirwa kutsanangura kukodha kwakarurama. Iyi ndiyo mitemo ye .htaccess.

Nzira iri pamusoro apa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha murairo kuitira kuti ugadzire nzvimbo yekukodha mufaira. Uyu murairo unokwanisa pakupedzisira kugadzirisa dambudziko rinosanganiswa nezvinyorwa zvisingashandisi kushandiswa kusina kuzivikanwa kwevashambadziri vemutauro weRussia, uye kwete avo vanodikanwa. Kana iwe usingatauri parameter, musikana wacho angakanda kukanganisa. Kana zvisina kudaro, zvinyorwa zvose zvinongororwa zvakare. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti havasi vese vevhisi vanoona zvinyorwa zvakafanana. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zviri nani kushandisa mazita anozivikanwa zvikuru - UTF-8 uye Windows-1251. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kune vose vashandisi.

Kubva pamatambudziko ane encoding anogona kubvisa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa kutengesa kwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Kuti uite izvi, sarudzo inokosha CharsetSourceEnc inowanikwa mu .htaccess file. Mushure maro, unofanirwa kunyora unhu hukuru hunogadzirirwa. Zvose zvakasara zvichadzorerwa mairi. Kana, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero kana chimwe, unofanira kubvisa transcoding, unofanira kunyora CharserDisable On command mune faira.

Kurondedzera imwe kukodha kwezvikamu zvega pewebsite

Izvi hazviitike kazhinji, asi dzimwe nguva zvinenge zvichidikanwa kuti rimwe peji kana chikamu chose chechikamu chinoratidzwa mune rimwe mutauro. Saizvozvowo, tinoda imwe kukodha. Kana iwe ukawana iyo .htaccess file pamwe nekodhi yekodhi mukati mechirongwa chemukati, mapeji ose ewebsite acharatidzwa mairi. Chigumisiro chingave chiri chokuti munhu achaenda kune chikamu chekunze kwewebsite, uye ipapo pane nzvimbo yemutauro mumutauro waanoda, boka rezviratidzo zvisingazivikanwi netsamba zvicharatidzwa.

Kuti uchinzwisise dambudziko iri, unoda imwe sarudzo. Htaccess. Zvakakosha kuumba imwe imwe iyo faira uye kuwedzera mutemo weAdType mairi, iyo inotsanangura kuwedzerwa kwekodhi. Iyi faira inogona kuita zvose zviri pawebsite, uye pamapeji ega ega. Izvi zvinowanikwa pane iyo .htaccess file iripo. Kana iwe uchiisa mukati mefaira rine imwe nzvimbo yerurimi rwemasimiti, zvigadziridzo zvaro zvinongoshanda chete muchikamu ichi. Zvimwe zvacho zvinoshanda maererano nemitemo yekutanga .htaccess, iyo iri mumudziyo wekutsvaga wepaiti.

Dzorera zvakare ne .htaccess

Vakawanda vekutsvaga webhusaiti vanotarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu apo pakushandura purojekiti iripo, unofanira kuchengeta marenda ekare emamwe mapeji. Kunyanya kakawanda izvi zvinowanikwa apo zvinyorwa zvehutungamiri huri panzvimbo iyo nzvimbo inoita shanduko. Zvinowanzoitika kuti pakutanga nzvimbo yacho yaive yakasimba uye hapana aitarisira pamusoro pekunzwisisa kweateri. Kudzorerwa kunodiwa (.htaccess inoda kuchinja).

Kudzorerwa kunobatanidzwawo kana mutongi achida kuchengeta nzvimbo yemaji yepaji mumajini ekutsvaga. Mushure mezvose, kukwidza kukosha kubva pakutanga ndicho basa rakaoma.

Chii chinodiwa kuti kudzoka kwakadaro kurongedzwe? .htaccess inofanira kushandiswa pakubata. Dzorera zvakare mairi zvinoshandiswa kuburikidza nenzira yekusarudza Redirect 301, mushure mokunge kero reji idzva rinotsanangurwa.

Yakavharirwa kupinda

Kuti udzivise kusvika kune yese nzvimbo, zvikamu zvaro kana mamwe mafaira ari pane seva, .htaccess inoshandiswa zvakare. Kuwanika kunorambidzwa kuitira kudzivirira vashandi kubva pakuwana mafaira anogona kuparadza chimwe chinhu.

Mirairo inotevera inoshandiswa:

• Kuti urambe kufarira nzvimbo yose mufaira, murairo unoramba kubva pane zvose zvakatemerwa.
• Kuti urambe kuwanikwa kubva pane imwe ip address, shandisa kurega kubva ip_address_user murairo.

File Protection

Zvingangodaro, mumwe nemudzidzi akawana zvikamu zvakafanana zvakafanana pawebsite. Kazhinji kazhinji zvinoitika kuti ivo vari kungoba kubva pane zvimwe zvigadzirwa. Zvechokwadi, injini yekutsvaga iri kurwisana nechiitiko chakadai sekumbopa mapeji, asi kazhinji havaiti zvakakodzera kusarudza iyo. Kune vanyori uye vateereri, iyi ichinetso chakakomba. Mushure mezvose, kuitira kuti unyore huwandu hwehutano, zvinotora nguva yakawanda nesimba. Uye zvino tsvakurudzo yekutsvaga inoisa mvumo yezvakanyorwa. Izvi hazvishamisi. Kazhinji vhesi rinobirwa uye mifananidzo. Muchiitiko ichi, nhamba huru yemakororo aya haatotori mifananidzo kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Kuti varege kuwandisa mavhareji avo, vanongotaura nezvemifananidzo kubva kune. Kubatanidzwa kwakadaro kunonzi hotlink. Mukuwedzera kune zvibatanidza kune mifananidzo, unogona kuisa mazviri, kuratidzira mafaira anowanikwa pakunyorera. Kune munyori wehupenyu, ichi chinoshamisa hachina kufadza. Ivhavha yemuchina inowedzerwa zvakare nekuda kwavo.

Muchi .htaccess file, unogona kutsanangura mafaira achachengetedzwa kubva ku-hotlinks. Iyo inorondedzera kushandiswa kwekutsvaga kunorambidzwa. Uyewo kune mafaira ehotera kana mapoka ose, unogona kuisa password. Zvadaro iyo .htaccess file inowanikwa munhare yaunoda kuvhara.

Kukanganisa Kuongororwa

Zvinowanzoitika kuti pane kukanganisa nekodhi "500" mushure mekugadzira kana kuisa iyo .htaccess file. Iko kukanganisa kunoitika nekuda kwekukanganisa kwefaira pachayo. Iwe unogona kuwana zvikonzero zviri mufaira iri mumutauro wechinzvimbo, mune faira nemishumo.

Uyezve, kana iwe usingaiti izvo zvinotaurwa mu .htaccess, unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chokuti kushandiswa kweiyo faira kunobvumira munzvimbo dzemajw.org.

Sezvaunogona kuona, iyo .htaccess file inodiwa zvose pakugadzirisa kukodha kwemawebsite, uye kune mamwe mabasa anobatsira anokubvumira kunyatsogadzirisa kutungamira nekusimbiswa kwemapurogiramu akasiyana-siyana.