India: mutauro unonyanya. Hindi, Chirungu, Bengali nevamwe

India - a anonakidza uye rakasiyana nyika tichitarisa dzomunyika mamiriro zvakanaka uye nenheyo. chimiro Its hurumende - yeUnited, uyewo kupfuura administrative chairema munyika mamiriro mabasa. In ose mamiriro vanotaura dzavo pamutemo enshrined muBumbiro reMitemo mutauro uye tumitauro zvinobva mariri. India, rinova mutauro unonyanya, kuwedzera Hindi uye Chirungu achiri anodzora zvose 29 inoti (pasingaverengwi nomwe Union Territories), uye miganhu pakati pavo National uye kwomutauro nenheyo. Panyaya iyi, ivo siyana zvikuru kukura, vemo uye mararamiro, asi zvinowanikwa zvinhu.

Chakakoshera adzidze mutauro nyaya

In neKwayedza, vainyatsotarisirwa inofanira kubhadharwa kune mitauro ezvinhu muIndia, nekuti zvino anova nyore tichifunga kwakacherechedzwa pezvakaitwa vadzime nemagariro uye nezvimwe zvipingamupinyi, nemiitiro kurutivi Westernization. In Muchiitiko ichi, mamiriro ichi zvingaoma kuchengetedza zivikanwo yavo uye kufambisira kuva nechimwe mitauro inopfuura maviri anopfuura zana nemashanu tumitauro, dzinobudiswa.

Chokwadi, pamusoro voruzhinji vavo ichimuremera mungozi kutsakatika, sezvo India - nyika yechipiri yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe, uye mumitauro yaro yepamutemo, unozvikudza dzinoverengeka vakurukuri ayo (kubva mamiriyoni 1,5 kusvika 423 miriyoni - Hindi). Dambudziko riri kuramba kuchena mutauro (nokudzivisa zvikwereti uye simplifications) uye vanofanira kuzvishandisa, nekuti nezuva rokutanga munyika yanhasi rinotangira Chirungu, Spanish uye zvichingodaro. D. Vakanga vatenga vanenge hafu yenyika.

Nhoroondo tsananguro zviri munyika

Kutaura zvazviri, India haana nhoroondo yakatanga kwete sechinhu unitary mamiriro, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka. Nyika kumusha vemarudzi mazhinji, muchitendero chavo uye ndezvake akasiyana kwomutauro mapoka. Vose ava vanhu emakore siyana vauya uye dzikamhara pamusoro Indian nyika. Pakati pavo munhu akasiyana nekuita mhando: mumwe Mini-Zimbabwe vavakidzani pasi auspices yayo, vamwe vakaedza kuparadzira kutenda kwavo kana kuvaka zvemari exchange. Zvisinei, kwete chete rudzi - the "maIndia", kana nyika hwakasimba mudanga dzakawanda kubatana uye enyika vakawanda kosi haana kuzvishandira kwenguva refu.

Zvichida kumativi mhosva zvakare rakadzika pokusanzwisisa nemumwe maonero uye dzekuno kusavimbana, uye ndinoiitawo anozivikanwa passivity MaIndia kusada kuita vachishingairira kurwira chinhu. Pashure pezvose, pari kuIndia vane simba separatist kufamba uye kurwisana kwemarudzi. Hazvina akatsemura nyika, zvichida chete nokuti yeBritain vakakwanisa nyuchi nayo kwenguva refu kuchengeta achitonetsekawo inoti uye rakavakwa chawo zvikuru kana zvishoma vanobudirira masangano ose utungamiriri, izvo Indian zviremera zvava.

mhuri Language mu India

The nyika anomira akabuda zvose pamutemo akanyorwa mana mitauro. Zvakaratidza kuti:

1. Kumatunhu kuchamhembe uye nechepakati dzaitongwa Indo-Aryan mhuri.
2. South India - Dravidian.
3. North-kumabvazuva zviri kuparadzira Sino-mushroom mitauro.
4. Tisingatauri vatakuri zvinogona voga uye mitauro Australasian kana avstraziyskoy boka (Santals madzinza).

Mitauro pamutemo pakati Indian rinoti nhamba vatakuri

The Constitution ndizvo 22 mitauro yepamutemo. Pasi mazita mitauro India (mu anongoitika kuitira), izvo States tiite zvinhu kutaurirana. Nhamba zvinobviswa ra2002 vaverengwe.

• Hindi - 422 miriyoni.
• Urdu - 51, mamiriyoni 6 (ona, mutauro Pakistan state).
• Language Bengali kana Bengali - 83,4 miriyoni.
• Tamil - 61,2 miriyoni.
• Telugu - 75 miriyoni.
• Marathi (mutauro zvikuru zvoupfumi dzakabudirira inoti - Maharashtra) - mamiriyoni 81,3.
• Gujarati - mamiriyoni 47.
• Kannada - 38,7 miriyoni.
• Punjabi - mamiriyoni 30.
• Kashmiri - 5.9 miriyoni.
• Oriya - 34 miriyoni.
• Malayalam - 34, 1 Mill.
• Assamese - miriyoni 13.9.
• Maithili - 13, 1 miriyoni.
• Santalsky - 7.2 Mill.
• Nepali - 2.9 miriyoni.
• Sindhi - mamiriyoni 2,7.
• Dogra - 2.4 Mill.
• Manipuri - 1.5 Mill.
• Konkani - 2.5 Mill.
• Bodo - 1.4 miriyoni.
• Sanskrit - mutauro akafa.

India: The mutauro unonyanya - Hindi

Kana zvimwe yakarurama kuti funga mitauro ezvinhu, iyo India, mutauro unonyanya iye haasi oga ane - pane vaviri. Asi pakutanga vanotsigira mutauro Hindi iyo, nenzira, rinoti hurumende ehurumende. Ndiye upenyu chaizvo, uye pamwe Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, nezvimwewo, zvinobva rekare Indo-Aryan mutauro - .. Sanskrit. Anotaura kwavari vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 422-423, zvichiita Hindi vakawanda mutauro wechipiri munyika.

The chinzvimbo uye basa Chirungu

Involuntarily mubvunzo unomuka: sei kuIndia mutauro wehurumende - Chirungu, apo ukama? Kubatsira mashoko kubva munhoroondo yenyika. Zvakaratidza kuti kunyange muzana remakore rechi17 England nevanhu hwakagadzwa wake East India Company kwakatungamirira ayo zvivanakire kutengeserana India. Zvaakanga vaneta rapfuura manyuko vapfume, yokuBritain kwemakore zana (by 1850 gore) yakakunda yose nyika, uye India akava muhutongi Great Britain. Paiva kugadzikana wake, zviremera, Chirungu anotambura zvokutengeserana, uye vagari vemo akanga achiparidza mukurima, kugoverwa mbishi zvinhu uye kugadzirwa nenhumbi.

Panguva yakapedza mukati British hwaJehoshafati, nepo muna 1947 haana akaparidza ayo rusununguko, vagari muIndia vave kupinza capitalist ukama, Britain akadzidza ayo utariri muenzaniso uye vagamuchirwa mutauro vanokunda uye nzira dzavo mafungiro. Naizvozvo, India, mutauro unonyanya ndiyewo Hindi, Chirungu vazive vakaenzana kukosha.

Zvapedzisira vanowanzoda kushandisa kana kukurukurirana vatorwa. Somuenzaniso, aiita vachishingaira mune tourism, nokuti kuwanda vashanyi ose gore kuenda pazororo iri Indian Ocean. Uyewo, Chirungu vose misangano bhizimisi vanamuzvinabhizimisi uye vezvematongerwo enyika vari India pamwe vamwe uye nevamwe kubva kunze kwenyika. Country pashure rusununguko, haana kurasa chinhu pedyo uye mari ukama Britain, iye ari nhengo British Commonwealth nyika.

mhedziso

Saka, muna India inokudziridza munhu asi kuoma mitauro mamiriro ezvinhu. Pashure pezvose, kana mumwe nomumwe rinoti munyika inoita kukurukurirana kunyanya ayo mutauro unonyanya, zviri zvakaoma kutanga kuvaka nevakawanda mumhuri Mutemo hurumende. Pangava kusanzwisisana, nezvinetso nomushumo yakarurama mashoko, kuzvarwa kusavimbana pakati hurumende simba kana zvenyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane zvakanaka divi. Kuvapo rwakasiyana-siyana mumitauro India akadaro zvinopa kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo kwakabatana mamwe maitiro zvetsika, tsika vanhu kurishandisa. Naizvozvo, India nhasi nyika ine kwetsika nekare kuti rinomutsa kufarira kwenyika munharaunda. Saka, Indian tsika awana ruremekedzo uye kuzivikanwa kwake, uye nokudaro rubatso kubudirira mune ramangwana.