Internal uye kunze mweya tsananguro parameters uye mabasa

Munhu mukuru anoita nguva dzose kubva gumi kusvika makumi maviri kundosvikira, uye vana, zvichienderana nezera, kuita kuti makumi matanhatu kundosvikira nokuda chete kwenguva yakareba. Ichi unconditional dzepanguva, iyo inobatsira muviri yokupukunyuka. Implementation Its zvinopfuura papi yedu kuzvidzora uye nokunzwisisa. External uye munyika kufema pamwe vane anonzi mashoko. It anoshanda panheyo dzinovaka. Kana masero vasina okisijeni yakakwana, muviri kunowedzera mwero kufema, uye vakutarisire.

tsananguro

Kufema - ichi slozhnoreflektorny chichiitwa chiito. Anopa kugara gasi ropa. Inoitwa matanho matatu kana links: zvokunze kufema magasi zvokufambisa uye tishu saturation. Kukundikana anogona kuitika chero rwakazara. Anokwanisawo kutungamirira hypoxia uye kunyange rufu. An kwokunze mweya - ndiro danho rokutanga umo gasi Exchange kunoitika pakati munhu uye zvakatipoteredza. Chokutanga, mhepo anopinda Formação de. Uye danho rinotevera diffuses kupinda muropa kutakurirwa kuti munyama.

The mashandiro reokisijeni kupinda ropa inobva musiyano haasaruri kumanikidzwa magasi. Exchange kunoitika pamwe wevasungwa gradient. Ndizvo ropa rurefu zviri carbon dioxide inobvisa nyore kugamuchira zvakakwana okisijeni, ndiEzekieri. Panguva imwe chete zvinyama afemeruke ndedzinotevera: okisijeni kubva ropa anopinda cytoplasm sero, uye ipapo nepano akatevedzana nemakemikari, akadana ari kufema cheni. Pakupedzisira, mumwe peripheral gwara iri nokukura carbon dioxide inobvisa nezvimwe metabolic zvigadzirwa.

mhepo Kuronga

External afemeruke ane kuvimba simba pamusoro anoumba chadenga. Rezasi yakachena ririmo, kashoma kuti vave kundosvikira. Kazhinji, anenge murwiyo mhepo:

• senitrogen - 79,03%;
• okisijeni - 20%;
• carbon dioxide inobvisa - 0,03%;
• zvimwe magasi zvose - 0,04%.

On the exhale, nhamba zvikamu kuchinja anoverengeka. Carbon dioxide ichiwedzerwa kusvika 4%, uye okisijeni ipfupi zvikuru.

The nemamiriro kufema hurongwa

zvekunze kufema Hurongwa idungwerungwe sepombi interconnected. Asati achipinda Formação de, mhepo anoenda refu nzira angadziyirwa uye zvakajeka. Zvakangotanga rinotanga chete nasal nendima. Ndivo chipingamupinyi chokutanga kuguruva uye tsvina. Nebvudzi rakamiswa pamusoro nasal mucosa, vanorichengeta nezvimedu makuru, uye kunyatsotevera munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva pangagara inodziya mhepo.

Kwozouya ari nasopharynx uye oropharynx, pashure pavo - the dokeriro, trachea, chikuru principales. Ekupedzisira akakamurwa kurudyi nekuruboshwe lobes. Ivo davi, rinobuda, achiumba ari Árbol muti. Duku bronchioles pakupedzisira ane kwakavharwa nenyama saga - Formação de. Pasinei nokuti mucous lining kuti Airways zvose, gasi Exchange kunoitika chete pakupera pavo. The tsva nzvimbo inonzi akafa. Kazhinji, saizi yayo dzakasvikira milliliters zana namakumi mashanu.

kufema kutenderera

mweya A utano hwomunhu rakaitirwa matanho matatu: inhalation, nedzinovengwa uye kumbomira. Pakazosvika nguva yose muitiro zvinotora anenge maviri nehafu kuti masekonzi gumi kana kupfuura. Uyu munhu chaizvo parameters. An kwokunze mweya hunoenderana nharaunda umo nhengo anogara uye kubva pawaiva utano. Somuenzaniso, pane zvinhu zvakadai mwero uye respiratoria. Vakatsunga nenhamba kufamba pechipfuva nechinguvana miganhu dzavo. The kudzika afemeruke zvinogona tsunga nokuyera Vhoriyamu patinofemera kunze mhepo kana girth muchipfuva pamusoro inhalation uye nedzinovengwa. Zvichiitika chaizvo nyore.

Mweya kunoitika munguva marwadzo ari diaphragm uye intercostal tsandanyama. Negative kumanikidzwa zvinoumbwa panguva ino, kufanana "sucks" mhepo mumapapu. Panyaya iyi, chipfuva anowedzera. Exhale ndiye vanetsane: tsandanyama kuzorora, asi Formação de masvingo zvinoodza kubvisa hyperextension uye kudzokera yaro hwepakutanga.

pulmonary kufefetedza

Kudzidza kufema nerevane yakabatsira masayendisiti kunzwisisa zvirinani mashandiro pakati kukura chinokosha nhamba zvirwere. Vakatosvika akataura yoga bazi wemishonga - pulmonology. Pane nzira dzakawanda naro inoongorora basa kufema hurongwa. zvekunze afemeruke zviratidzi havasi omarara ukoshi. Vanogona siyana zvichienderana yomunhu remitemo, zera uye mamiriro eutano:

1. Tidal vhoriyamu (ML). uwandu Uyu mhepo kuti munhu chinofema nokubuda oga. Norm - kubva matatu mazana mazana manomwe milliliters.
2. Inspiratory kuchengeterwa vhoriyamu (Dom). mhepo iyi, iyo ichiri zvinogoneka kuwedzera mumapapu. Somuenzaniso, kana mushure chinozorodza kundosvikira kubvunza munhu kuti kutora befu.
3. Expiratory kuchengeterwa vhoriyamu (mapurisa dhipatimendi). Bhuku rino mhepo kuti anosiya mumapapu, kana pashure zvakajairika nedzinovengwa kuti pakadzika. Mifananidzo vanenge rimwe nehafu marita.
4. Residual vhoriyamu. uwandu uku mhepo chinoramba mumapapu pashure yakadzika nedzinovengwa. saizi yaro - kubva zviuru gumi zana milliliters.
5. Four yapfuura mufananidzo pamwe vanoumba inokosha zvemapapu vanokwanisa. Varume, zviri akaenzana marita mashanu vakadzi - matatu nehafu.

Pulmonary kufefetedza ndiyo vhoriyamu yose mhepo kuti ichipfuura mumapapu mune miniti imwe. Ari mukuru munhu utano chete, nhamba iyi dzinodzengerera kumativi matanhatu - masere litres. Kudzidza kufema kushanda zvinoda kwete chete vanhu vane chirwere, asi vatambi, uyewo vana (kunyanya rokusamhanyira vacheche). Kazhinji ruzivo yakadaro inomuda yevanorwara zvikuru, kana murwere zvaitambidzwa pamusoro ventilator (chakagadzirwa afemeruke) kana kubviswa pairi.

Types romuzvarirwo kufema

zvekunze kufema basa kunoenderana mhando kwacho. Uyewo bumbiro uye chechikadzi yacho munhu. Two Mhando zvinogona kupatsanurwa pane kufema chipfuva kuwedzera nzira:

• Zamu, panguva iyo nokusimuka kumicheto. Iye akatonga vakadzi.
• Abdominal kana diaphragm flattens. Izvi vorudzii kufema zvikuru tinoberekwa varume.

Pane zvakavhenganiswa mhando, kana chokuita tsandanyama mapoka ose. Nhamba iyi akasiyana. Zvinoenderana kwete munhurume, asiwo zera yomunhu, sezvo kufamba pechipfuva mumakore kunoderedza. Anonzwa uye basa: kuoma basa, zvikuru zvakapararira pasi abdominal mhando.

Mhando Pathological kufema

Zviratidzi nechitarisiko afemeruke kuchinja zvikuru pamberi kufema nenhamo syndrome. Hakusi kuparadzana chirwere, asi kutoti migumisiro zvokurwara dzimwe nhengo: mwoyo, mapapu, adrenal omumuviri, chiropa, kana itsvo. Cider rinopfuura zvose chakasimba uye chisingaperi chimiro. Uyezve, rakakamurwa mifananidzo:

1. Obstructive. Kupfupika mweya anozviratidza pamusoro mweya.
2. Kudzvinyirira mhando. Kupfupika mweya anozviratidza pamusoro exhale.
3. Hwakakanyiwa. Kazhinji kuti chirwere rwakazara uye inosanganisira maviri zvokusarudza vokutanga.

Uyezve, pane mhando anoverengeka zvemamiriro afemeruke, izvo zvisina yakasungirirwa chirwere chaicho:

• CHENIC - Stokes. Kutanga pachiso, kufema runodzama uye zvishoma nezvishoma kusvikira wechishanu kana rechinomwe kufema rinosvika kuipa tsika. Zvino zvakare chinova chishoma uye asingafungi. At kuguma kumbomira aripo hazvo - masekonzi mashoma pasina Kufema. It unowanikwa vacheche pamwe kukuvadzwa kwouropi, kudhaka, hydrocephalus.
• Kussmaul kufema. Izvi igomba, kufema ruzha uye isingawanzowanikwi. It kunoitika munguva hyperventilation, acidosis, shuga pakoma.

Zvokurwara zvekunze afemeruke

Kukanganisa nechitarisiko afemeruke rinowanikwa sezvo ari dzose kushanda kwemuviri, uye kutsoropodza ezvinhu:

1. Tachypnea - mamiriro umo nhamba kufema kupfuura makumi maviri nguva vari miniti. Dzimwe nguva zvose vasiri (pashure mutoro, mune stuffy mukamuri) uye pathological (nezvirwere ropa, fivha, chemaneka).
2. Bradipnoe - isingawanzowanikwi mweya. Kazhinji chokuita chetsinga zvirwere, vakawedzera intracranial kumanikidzwa, chepfungwa edema, pakoma, kudhaka.
3. Kufema - Kusavapo kana kumira kufema. Zvingava nokuda kuoma kufema tsandanyama, chepfu, kukuvara musoro kana chepfungwa edema. Uyewo kusunungura chiratidzo kurara apneas.
4. Dyspnea - kupfupika mweya (dysrhythmia, kakawanda uye kudzika kufema). It kunoitika apo kunyanyisa mumuviri kushushikana, Árbol asima, chisingaperi obstructive bronchitis, BP.

Pazvaikodzera ruzivo pamusoro zvechadenga kufema wokunze?

zvekunze afemeruke kudzidza yaifanira kuti chirwere zvinangwa rokuongorora dzichipfekeka mamiriro yose yezvinhu. Varwere kuwira boka ngozi, zvakadai vanosvuta kana zvinokuvadza vashandi maindasitiri aratidza katsika Occupational zvirwere. For uye vatindivadzi kwemunhu basa iri rinokosha mukugadzirira murwere kuti kuvhiyiwa. Dynamic kudzidza nechitarisiko afemeruke rinoitwa kuzosimbisa tinyatsonzwisisa vakaremara uye vakaremara zvavo. Uyewo panguva dispensary pakuongorora varwere mwoyo kana zvemapapu chisingaperi zvirwere.

mhando tsvakurudzo

Spirometry - nzira kuongorora mamiriro ari kufema ezvinhu tichitarisa kwakajairika uye kumanikidzwa yapfuura uye nedzinovengwa nokuda 1 wechipiri. Dzimwe nguva, kuti ndiitise chirwere bvunzo pamwe bronchodilator. Chaizvoizvo Its iri pakuti murwere rinopfuura kutongwa kwekutanga. Zvadaro rikawana inhaled zvinodhaka kuti dilates ari principales. Uye pashure maminitsi 15 zvakare inopfuura pakudzidza. Migumisiro zvakafanana. Mhedziso reversibility kana irreversibility kuti kufema chirwere.

Muviri plethysmography - rinoitwa kuongorora zvinonyatsorehwa anokwanisa mapapu uye Airways pakati aerodynamic nemishonga. Kuti aite izvi murwere unofanira fema mhepo. Riri mune chisimbiso kamuri. Kana nhamba iyi yakanyorwa kwete chete gasi, asiwo simba nayo zviri inhaled, uye mhepo chokubuda unodiwa.