The Árbol muti. ari Árbol muti sei

The Árbol muti marongerwo chinhu trachea uye Árbol branching kure naye hunde dzacho. The raora mapazi aya, uye marongerwo muti. Chidziro chisingazununguki akafanana vanhu vose uye haana achirova kusanzwisisana. Bronchus - a tubular chikuru bazi trachea, ndine kukwanisa kuitisa mhepo uye unobatanidza paro kufema parenchyma pakati zvemapapu.

Nemamiriro huru principales

huru mbiri principales, dziri kutamira kure kuruoko rworudyi yorusvingo, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo chinotungamirwa kurutivi rworuboshwe kana kurudyi zvemapapu ukuwo, ndivo bifurcation yacho trachea wokutanga. Árbol kwava asymmetrical uye ane musiyano diki iri nemamiriro akasiyana vemapato. Somuenzaniso, kuruboshwe chikuru bronchus iri zvishoma rakatetepa mu dhayamita pane zvakanaka, uye ane mukuru papi.

Nemamiriro huru masvingo vozduhoprovodyaschih hunde dzacho kwakafanana iri huru trachea, uye ivo ine akatevedzana cartilaginous zvindori izvo interconnected hurongwa nemarunda. The chete runoratidza ndechokuti muna principales zvose nezvindori nguva dzose yakavharwa uye havana kufamba. In quantitative nemashoko, kusiyana-chinja hunde dzacho kunotemwa nezviri zvakarurama ane kureba 6-8 nezvindori, uye kuruboshwe - 12. Inside, ivo principales akafukidzwa mucous membrane.

Árbol midziyo

principales chikuru magumo avo anotanga kubazi. Branching ndepana 16-18 duku tubular zvinoisa. Hurongwa akadaro, nokuti ayo pakuonekwa, uye akanzi "muti Árbol". Anatomy uye maumbirwo awo vasazozviona akasiyana zvikuru kubva yapfuura zvikamu. Iva hukuru maduku uye dhayamita duku Airways. branching kwakadaro anonzi zvakarurama. Kunoteverwa segmental, pova branching repasi, repakati uye yokumusoro lobar principales. Uye ipapo anowira apical hurongwa undovakira, pamberi segmental nzira.

Saka Árbol muti mapazi zvakanyanya, kusvika rechi15 weboka hurongwa. The duku principales vari lobular. dhayamita ravo chete 1 mm. principales izvi vanokamurwa kupinda chinouraya bronchioles, tichipedzisira kufema. harinzwi dzavo dziri Formação de uye alveolar ducts. Respiratoria ezvinhu bronchioles - dzakaunganidzwa alveolar ducts uye Formação de, kunyatsotevera yakabatana mumwe nokuita zvemapapu parenchyma.

Kazhinji, rusvingo Árbol ine matatu akaturikidzana. Izvi ndiwo: mucosa, tsandanyama-cartilaginous, adventitia. Uyewo, zviri mudungwe ane mucous gobvu uye ane multi-musara mamiriro wakafukidzwa cilia, allocates zvakavanzika ine yayo neuroendocrine masero anokwanisa kuumba uye secrete biogenic amines, uyewo masero dzinobatanidzwa pakuberekwa kutsva kwacho mucosa.

vasiri mabasa

Huru uye chinokosha kushanda bronchus ndiko kuti kuitisa kufema mhepo vakawanda vari zvemapapu parenchyma uye negwara. Árbol muti zvakare chokumbofanobata gadziriro mapoka kufema emuviri uye anovadzivirira kubva muguruva, tusingaoneki siyana anokuvadza magasi. Regulation bhuku uye velocity mhepo kuyerera achipfuura Árbol gadziriro iri kuitwa kuchinja musiyano nevezera dzekudenga muna Formação de uye kupinda ambient mhepo. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda basa kufema tsandanyama.

Inspiratory dzinosiyana Árbol lumen dhayamita yakananga kuwedzera, izvo zvinoitwa yokudzora kwakanaka tsandanyama matauriro, uye yekudyidzana kunoderedza nedzinovengwa. Kuitika zvinetso zviri mutemo kumeso tsandanyama matauriro zvose chikonzero uye migumisiro zvirwere zvakawanda chokuita kufema zvomukati, akadai asima, bronchitis.

Akawira mhepo neguruva nezvimedu uye zvigare hwokurara kushandisa kukurudzira mucous secretions yakafanira cilia wemuTesitamende vatungamirire trachea kune rokumusoro kufema zvomukati. Mhedziso madzihwa ine tsvina, rinobudiswa nokuda vangakosora.

akanyatsorongwa

Branching Árbol hurongwa zvikasaitika randomly, uye chinofanira zvachose kugadzikana. principales akanyatsorongwa:

• Major.
• Zone - hurongwa wechipiri.
• Segmental uye subsegmentary - ndiko 3, 4, 5-fung murayiro.
• Small - 6-15 varayirwa.
• Inouraya.

akanyatsorongwa Izvi inopindirana zvizere chete weboka zvemapapu tishu. Saka, lobar principales dzazvinogara migove pamusoro yemapapu, uye segmental - zvikamu, uye zvichingodaro ..

ropa zvitengeswa

Perfusion principales akaita kushandisa Árbol arterial mugove wacho thoracal yeropa, uye kuburikidza esophageal arteries. Venous ropa chinobviswa achiedza unpaired uye hemiazygos mutsinga.

Varipiko vanhu principales?

The thorax rine dzakawanda zvomukati, nemidziyo. Kuvakwa kumucheto-tsandanyama marongerwo. Zvinonzi yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira hurongwa rinokosha, izvo dziri mukati mayo. Pakupindura mubvunzo: "varipiko principales," unofanira kufunga nzvimbo kwechiedza, unobva navo ropa, node midziyo uye tsinga harinzwi.

Kukura munhu zvemapapu ari vakadaro kuti anogara yose pamberi pechiso pachipfuva. The trachea uye principales, iri nechepakati gadziriro dziri pasi pamberi nomuzongoza riri nechepakati mugove pakati zvimbi. All anotungamirira principales dziri pasi nerumbabvu pajira riya pamusoro Anterior chikamu sternum. Árbol muti (Scheme nzvimbo yaro) unoenderana nemamiriro associative thorax. Saka, urefu trachea iri dzichienderana nechepakati nomuzongoza pechipfuva. A Bazi rakaronga panguva yayo micheto, izvo nemaziso anogonawo rinorondedzerwa so branching ari nechepakati mbiru.

principales kudzidza

The nzira kudzidza kufema ezvinhu ndiwo:

• murwere kuongorora.
• Auscultation.
• X-ray kuzviongorora.
• MRI of zvemapapu uye bronchus.

Research nzira, chinangwa chavo

Paunenge uchitenga murwere kuongorora kusimbiswa zvinhu izvo zvingaita mamiriro ari kufema ezvinhu, zvakadai sokuputa fodya, kunokuvadza kushanda mamiriro. On kuongororwa, chiremba inotiratidza murwere ganda ruvara, pezvakaita mubhokisi, kundosvikira kakawanda, avo zvikuru, kuvapo chikosoro, kupfupika mweya, kujairika kuti hwandaiva mweya kurira. Uyewo kuitisa palpation pechipfuva anogona kunatsiridza chimiro chayo, ukuru, kuvapo subcutaneous emphysema, unhu inzwi jitter uye kakawanda ruzha. Abnormality chezvinhu parameters izvi zvinoratidza kuvapo chero chirwere, izvo zvinoratidzwa kuchinja kwakadaro.

Auscultation of mapapu rinoitwa neboka endoscope uye dzikabereka nokuda kuziva miedzo kufema ruzha kuchinja, wheezing, chinoridzirwa muridzo kana zvimwe uncharacteristic zvakajairika kufema kurira. Tichishandisa nzira iyi, nzeve, chiremba anogona kuona yezvakaita chirwere, kuvapo mumatenhere mucous membranes, sputum.

Mumwe mabasa anokosha mune kudzidza zvirwere Árbol muti anotamba roentgens. Panoramic X-ray bhokisi munhu rinobvumira kusiyanisa yezvakaita pathological pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika munyika kufema ino. The nemamiriro Árbol muti zvakajeka kuonekwa uye kunogona vakaongorora kuitira kuziva Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga. The mufananidzo inoratidza kuchinja zvemapapu mamiriro, Extensions dzavo lumens bronchus, thickenings masvingo, kuvapo bundu inotungamirwa.

MRI of yemapapu uye bronchus chakaitwa muna anteroposterior uye lateral maberere. Izvi zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuongorora uye kuongorora mamiriro ari trachea uye principales avo layered nomufananidzo, uyewo muchinjikwa chikamu.

kurapwa

By nzira ano yokurapa vanosanganisira vose operative uye bezoperativnoe nekuporesa zvirwere. Ivo:

1. Kuchirapa bronchoscopy. Zvainanga dzichibvisa Árbol kugutsikana uye dzikabereka mune zvokurapa hofisi pasi yomunharaunda kana mukuru yokutindivadza. Zvikurukuru vaiona trachea uye principales kuziva hunhu uye nzvimbo kukuvara pakuona anogumbura kuchinja. Zvadaro Washing rinoitwa hanya kana akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona mhinduro dziri kupiwa mishonga.
2. Remediation of Árbol muti. Nzira iyi ndiyo inonyatsobudirira ari kuzivisa uye kunosanganisira dzinoverengeka maitirwo zvainanga achinatsa ari Árbol ndima kunyanya madzihwa, kubvisa anogumbura kwendangariro. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa: bhokisi masaja, chikumbiro expectorants, chaiyo abudise chokugadza kuti kakawanda pazuva, inhalation.

Kupa muviri pamwe oxygen, uye nokudaro kuona mano muviri kune anokosha anoitwa nokuda kwakarongeka basa kufema emuviri uye kufamba kweropa. Ukama izvi hurongwa uye pezvakaitwa, kuerera zvazvingava, kugona ane Muviri kuongorora uye vaite pezvakaitwa siyana kuitika mairi. Kana iwe kuchinja kana kutyora vasiri dzinotsanagura afemeruke inokanganisa yose muviri.