Types kufema muvanhu

Kufema - unokosha vasiri chichiitwa, pasina iro hazvibviri basa nevanhu. Nokuda hwakagadzwa mashandiro kwamakamuri yaipiwa pamwe okisijeni uye anogona mubasa muviri. Types kufema dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana tsandanyama uye nhengo zvinobatanidzwa izvi chii.

kufema physiology

Kufema achiperekedzwa rave inhalation (okisijeni zvinodyiwa) uye nedzinovengwa (kusunungurwa carbon dioxide inobvisa). Munguva pfupi pane mamwe pezvakaitwa pakati pavo. Vanogona kukamurwa zvinotevera huru zvokukura kufema:

• zvekunze (kufefetedza uye diffusion pamusoro magasi ari bapu);
• okisijeni senga;
• tishu afemeruke.

Kwokunze afemeruke anopa zvinotevera pezvakaitwa:

1. kufefetedza - mhepo runoyerera napakati kufema turakiti, wakanyorova, zvinova dzinodziya uye cleaner.
2. Gas Exchange - kunoitika munguva pfupi kumira kufema (pakati nedzinovengwa uye mweya mutsva). The mukutsinhana kunosanganisa Formação de uye zvemapapu capillaries. Ropa runoyerera kuburikidza Formação de kupinda capillaries, iyo yakazara okisijeni uye anoparadzira yose muviri. Carbon dioxide zvifambiswe shure kubva capillaries kupinda Formação de uye nedzinovengwa yabudiswa.

Initial afemeruke danho inosimudzira kuchinjwa okisijeni kubva Formação de kupinda ropa uye kuunganidza carbon dioxide inobvisa ari pulmonary vesicles kuti akazotevera kubviswa kubva mumuviri.

Transport uye muviri chokupedzisira mugumisiro

Akatakura ropa magasi imhaka erythrocytes. Vanotakura okisijeni kuti munyama zvomukati, apo mamwe muviri kutanga.

Diffusion mune nyama dzinoratidzwa chirongwa tishu afemeruke. Zvinorevei? Erythrocytes chokuita okisijeni zvokudya kupinda zvinyama uye ipapo tishu Urume. Panguva imwe chete ichiputswa carbon dioxide inobvisa anochinja kuti Formação de ari mumapapu.

Mushure interstitial mvura anopinda ropa masero. Mhanyai makemikari dzinotsanagura kukamurwa muviri. The yokupedzisira oxidation chigadzirwa - carbon dioxide inobvisa - apiwa anopinda ropa iri muchimiro mhinduro uye hwakatamisirwa Formação de ari mumapapu.

Hazvinei hworudzii kufema rinoshandiswa nomumwe muviri yokuvamba metabolic pezvakaitwa zvakafanana. tsandanyama kushanda kunoita kuti kushandura bhuku mubhokisi, t. e. kuita inhalation kana mhepo inofemwa.

Kukosha tsandanyama ari kufema pezvakaitwa

Types kufema zvakaguma marwadzo tsandanyama dzakasiyana dzenyika nomuzongoza. Respiratoria tsandanyama zvinopa mutinhimira kuchinja Vhoriyamu chipfuva mhango. Zvichienderana mabasa avo, ivo vari akakamurwa inspiratory uye expiratory.

Chokutanga munyaya mhepo inhaled. The chikuru tsandanyama veboka iri ndiwo: diaphragm, intercostal zvokunze, zvemukati interchondral. Ebetsero inspiratory Tsandanyama vanoumba manera, zamu (makuru uye diki), sternoclavicular (mastoid). Panguva nedzinovengwa kurukura mashoko abdominal tsandanyama uye zvemukati intercostal.

Vongai chete kuti tsandanyama zvichibvira inhalation uye nedzinovengwa mhepo: chiedza kudzokorora masangano avo. Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinogona zvigadziriswe kuchinja Vhoriyamu chipfuva tichibatsirwa tsandanyama marwadzo: sangano yembabvu kana diaphragm, inova mhando chikuru kufema muvanhu.

thoracal kufema

In kwakadai vaishingaira mubasa kwacho chete rokumusoro chikamu mumapapu. Vavimbisana mbabvu kana clavicle, mauri thoracal afemeruke mhando yakakamurwa nerumbabvu uye clavicular. Izvi ndicho, asi kwete nzira yakanakisisa.

Rumbabvu kufema rinoitwa kushandisa intercostal tsandanyama hunoita chipfuva kuwedzera kune runodiwa vhoriyamu. On the exhale, dzomunyika intercostal tsandanyama vari compressed, uye mhepo unodzima. The kwacho kunoitika nemhaka yokuti mbabvu vane mufambo uye anogona kuti misha. Kufema kwakadaro anowanzoita kuri mumashoko munhukadzi pabonde.

Clavicular kufema chinoremedza vakwegura nokuda vasanyanye zvemapapu chinosara, uyewo mune vana chikoro chepuraimari. Pamusoro fema of clavicle pachipfuva akasimudza, exhale - pasi. Kufema tichibatsirwa sternoclavicular tsandanyama zvachero chaizvo, kupfuura rakagadzirirwa nyarara uye akayera zvinogara kundosvikira.

Abdominal (diaphragmatic) kufema

Hwidibiro mhando kufema anoonekwa kuva wakakwana kukunda mubhokisi, nokuda nani dziripo okisijeni. The mutoo zvaibatanidza guru chikamu Vhoriyamu mumapapu.

It hwezvekukurukurirana kufema kwebasa diaphragm. Izvi partition pakati abdominal uye muchipfuva in, zvinosanganisira tsandanyama rinenge uye inogona zvakakwana kuderedzwa zvakasimba. Panguva inhalation zvazvinoita pasi, vachiisa vomanikidza peritoneum. Kana iwe exhale nekusiyana, unomutswa kumusoro, tsandanyama ari mudumbu.

Diaphragmatic kufema chinoremedza vanhu, vatambi, vaimbi navana. Dzidza kufema abdominal iri nyore, pane yakawanda muchiitwa kuti unyanzvi hunodiwa. Zvinobatsira here kudzidza ichi - zviri wose, asi zviri abdominal kufema kunoita muviri kupa unhu hunodiwa okisijeni kuti shoma nhamba unotii.

Zvinoitika kuti mune mweya mumwe kutenderera kunosanganisira vanhu uye thoracal uye abdominal madhipatimendi. Kuwedzera rumbabvu, uye pamwe kumhanya nokukurumidza uye aperture. akashevedza yakavhenganiswa (zvachose) kufema.

Types kufema zvichienderana yezvakaita kufema kufamba

Kufema runotsamira kwete chete pane njodzi mapoka tsandanyama, asiwo zvinhu zvakadai kudzama, kakawanda, nguva penguva pakati nedzinovengwa uye mweya mutsva pamusoro. With kakawanda, inoratidza uye kudzika kufema mapapu vasiri zvakazara ventilated. Izvi zvinoita mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kuti utachiona uye utachiona.

Full kufema unogadzirira rezasi, pakati uye yokumusoro chikamu mumapapu, runovabvumira zvakazara vhendi. Shandisa vose rinokosha Vhoriyamu chipfuva, uye mhepo mumapapu iri yoku- mu nenguva nenzira, tisingaregi ruchikonzera tusingaoneki dzinokuvadza. Man vanoita azere kufema, anoita anenge 14 kundosvikira paminiti. hakuna mweya zvinopfuura 16 paminiti inokurudzirwa kuti kufefetedza zvakanaka.

Zvinoitwa kufema utano

Mweya - kwainyanya reokisijeni, iro nguva dzose waiti muviri kwomuzvarirwo upenyu. Qualitative kufefetedza ropa kunopa okisijeni yakakwana, anotokonya kumwoyo uye mumapapu pachavo.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza nyasha diaphragmatic kufema: kuva kupfuura yakadzama uye kwakakwana, zviri muropa kuti kukwizwa zvomukati ose peritoneal uye muchipfuva. Kuvandudzwa kugaya pezvakaitwa, kwokudzvinyirira kwomunhu diaphragm panguva nedzinovengwa zvinosimudzira pericardium.

Matambudziko kufema kukonzera Kuipa metabolic pezvakaitwa panguva cellular chechetere. Zvinokachidza haamo nguva, pakusika yakanaka zvakatipoteredza pokumuka zvirwere. Part of gasi Exchange mashandiro hwakatamisirwa ganda, zvichiita kuti svava uye pave dermatological zvirwere.

Mhando Pathological kufema

Kune mhando anoverengeka zvemamiriro afemeruke, izvo vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvichienderana mhaka kutyorwa kufefetedza. Dysregulation anogona kukonzera:

• bradypnea - kufema mwoyo kushanda, murwere anoita kundosvikira asingasviki 12 paminiti;
• tachypnea - zvakare kakawanda uye kudzika kufema (anopfuura 24 kundosvikira paminiti);
• gipernoe - kakawanda uye kwakadzama kufema chokuita ndichibvunza dzepanguva uye humoral dzishande pamwe nezvirwere zvakasiyana siyana;
• kufema - kwekanguva kumira kufema, nokuda vasanyanye excitability ari kufema muzinda muuropi maronda kana nokuda yokutindivadza, ndechokuti zvinogona dzepanguva kufema kusungwa.

Periodic kufema - imwe nzira iyo kufema alternates pamwe kufema. Two Mhando yakachena romugove mumuviri, makatumidzwa: CHENIC-Stokes afemeruke uye Biota.

First inozivikanwa nokuwedzera zvakadzama kufamba, zvishoma nezvishoma kudzikira kuti kufema inogara 5-10 seconds. Chikamu chechipiri inowanzotorwa kufema zvinogara, rakatumbuka pamwe pfupi kufema. Kukura nguva nenguva kufema chinokurwadzai zvikurukuru zvinetso zviri kufema muzinda uropi nokuda kukuvara kana chirwere.

Mhando chiteshi kufema

pakupedzisira kusingarapiki kwazvinoita kufema mutoo kutungamirira kumira kufema zvachose. Pane maonero akawanda inouraya basa:

• Kussmaul kufema - yakadzika uye ruzha, inozivikanwa kana nomuchetura kubudikidza muchetura, hypoxia, chirwere cheshuga uye uraemic chaanoziva;
• apneysticheskoe - refu mweya uye pfupi kufema, hunhu akuvara uropi, kwakakura chepfu migumisiro;
• gasping breath-- mureza zvakadzama hypoxia, hypercapnia, kashoma kundosvikira pamwe kufema 10-20 masekonzi asati nedzinovengwa (zvakajairika zvakakomba pathological inoti).

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti anobudirira nokumutswa murwere kufema nerevane anogona kudzorerwa dzose.